果树

• Effects of Partial Rootzone Drying on Photosynthesis of the Grape Cultivar 'Malvasia' Grafted on Different Rootstocks
• QI Wei;ZHAI Heng;LI En-mao;TAN Hao
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1081-1086.
• Abstract ( 1924 ) HTML ( 1043 ) PDF (714KB) ( 1043 ) 　　　
• Effects of partial rootzone drying on photosynthetic pigment, photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of the grape cuhivar‘Malvasia’grafted on different rootstocks were studied by simulating soil boxes with three treatments, controlled alternating irrigation for half of rootzone(AI),controlled fixed irriga- tion for half of rootzone(FI),and conventional irrigation for whole root zone(CK).The result showed that the contents of Chl. a, Chl. b and Car. of M/420A, M/3309C and M/110R decreased slightly under AI than under FI. Different decreasing extents of the three pigments contents were also found in different cuhivar/root- stocks with two treatments. Pn of M/420A, M/3309C, and M/110R decreased slightly while Tr and Gs de- creased significantly with the amount from 41.1% to 56. 1% under AI, which increased the water use efficien- cy(WUE)significantly. WUE of M/3309C was 1.71 times of CK, while that of M/420A and M/110R were 1.36 and 1.66 times of CK respectively. Pn, Tr and Gs of three combinations decreased significantly under FI, with the amounts of M/3309C at 54.9%, 57%, and 80.4%, M/110R at 36. 3%, 51.3%, and 60. 5% respectively. WUE of M/420A, M/3309C and M/110R were 1.18, 1.05 and 1.31 times of CK respectively. No great differences was found in the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of M/420A, M/3309C and M/110R in CK and AI when it comes to be obvious under FI. The Fv/Fo, Fv/Fm andΦPSⅡof 3 combinations de- creased significantly which the M/3309C decreased by 32. 1%, 13.5% and 25.7%, respectively, the M/ 420A decreased by 26. 4%, 12.3% and 23.7%, respectively, the M/110R decreased by 19.5%, 5.9% and 15.4%, respectively, which suggested that different effects on the same cultivar were significant among different rootstocks.
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• Molecular Markers Linked to Drought Resistance Gene in Chinese Wild Vitis Species and Their Genetic Analysis
• YANG Ya-zhou;WANG Yue-jin;ZHANG Jian-xia;ZHANG Chao-hong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1087-1092.
• Abstract ( 1644 ) HTML ( 1188 ) PDF (632KB) ( 1188 ) 　　　
• Random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)and bulked segregant analysis(BSA)were employed to detect molecular marker linked to drought resistance gene in the wild grapes(Vitis L.)native to China. DNA pools related to drought resistance were consisted by using the F_1 progenies of V. yeshanensis×V.riparia. Seven RAPD markers,S226-1100,S271-550, S1165-1500, S264-1300, S195-1000, S1345- 1400 and S513-1700, were obtained and seven primers were screened from 300 random primers. Then the 7 markers were further investigated in a set of 18 genotypes of Chinese wild Vitis species, V. vinifera, V. ber- landieri, and V. rupestris. Additionally, RAPD fragment S226-1100 was cloned and sequenced, then conver- ted into SCAR maker DR-760. Genetic analysis by JoinMap 3.0 showed that RAPD markers S226-1100, S271-550 and S1165-1500 were linked to the drought resistance gene. The linking distance between RAPD marker S226-1100 and the gene locus was 21.8 cM.
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• Dynamic Changes of Polyphenols and Their Relationship with Antioxidant Capacity in the Muscat Hamburg Grapevine
• LI Yang-xin;ZHANG Yuan-hu;TIAN Shu-fen;LI Ling-ling
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1093-1097.
• Abstract ( 1959 ) HTML ( 2388 ) PDF (245KB) ( 2388 ) 　　　
• We studied the dynamic changes of polyphenols and their relationship with antioxidant capaci- ty in different organs of Muscat Hamburg by measuring the contents of polyphenols and free radical scavenging activity in different growth periods. The content of total polyphenols, flavonoids and Proanthocyanidins(PAs) in leaf, stem and tendril decreased at first, increased with the development of the grape berry, became the lowest in the fast growth stage of the grape berry, and then increased to a certain degree. The content of poly- phenols was the highest in leaf and the lowest in stem. The trend of polyphenols in skin was the same as in leaf, stem and tendril, and became the lowest in the grape ripening period, while the content of polyphenols in grape pulp was very low and stable during growth periods. The positive correlation of the antioxidant capacities of grapevine organs and polyphenols was found.
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• Influence of Fenghuang Pummelo on the Composition of Citrus tristeza virus Isolates Collected from Sweet Orange
• WANG Zhi-gang;ZHOU Chang-yong;ZHOU Yan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1098-1102.
• Abstract ( 1645 ) HTML ( 1085 ) PDF (388KB) ( 1085 ) 　　　
• For the preliminary study oninfluence of different citrus cultivars on the composition of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) isolates, the HinfⅠRFLP and SSCP of p25 gene of 9 CTV isolates collected from sweet orange shown stempitting symptom were comparatively analysed as those isolates were graft inculated from Xinhui sweet orange to Fenghuang pummelo.The results of RFLP revealed that the HinfⅠRFLP group of the isolates CT90 and CT20 were kept the same as in Xinhui sweet orange and in Fenghuang pummelo; RFLP groups of other 6 isolates shown mixed groups in Xinhui sweet orange and single group in Fenghuang pummelo. DNA bands of p25/SSCP of the isolate CT90 kept the same as in Xinhui sweet orange and in Fenghuang pummlo but DNA bands of other 8 isolates maintained in Fenghuang pummlo were less than that of which maintained in Xinhui sweet orange.It seems that the replication of some composition of above 8 CTV isolates collected from sweet orange were inhibited in Fenghuang pummelo.
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• Relationship Between Boron Deficiency Occurrence and Changes in Contents of Different Boron Forms in Leaves of Newhall Navel Orange During Fruit Development
• SHENG Ou;YAN Xiang;PENG Shu-ang;DENG Xiu-xin;FANG Yi-wen
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1103-1110.
• Abstract ( 1620 ) HTML ( 1330 ) PDF (517KB) ( 1330 ) 　　　
• Changes in contents of boron (B)in different forms in the leaves of Newhall navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) were investigated during fruit development in the south part of Jiangxi Province. The Newhall orange trees were either grown in low boron soil, where conspicuous symptom of B deficiency was found in mature leaves, or grown soil with adequate boron, serving as the control. The results showed that: (Ⅰ) content of total B decreased significantly either in old leaves from last season or in springflush leaves from current year during fruit enlargement period from 120 to 160 days after full bloom (DAFB), and the content in Newhall (B deficiency, BD) were generally lower than in the control. (Ⅱ) In old leaves, content of free B and semibound B in BD Newhall were very low from 120 to 160 DAFB, in contrast, those in the control were quite high during this period; Compared to free B and semibound B, bound B content in BD Newhall were likewise lower than the control during the same period, whereas its relative contents were higher in the former; (Ⅲ) In springflush leaves, free B and semibound B content were higher than in old leaves, bound B content were lower; Furthermore, compared to the control, content of three B forms in BD Newhall were significantly low from 140 to 160 DAFB. However, the relative contents of bound B were comparatively higher in Newhall (BD). The dynamics of three B forms and physiological mechanism of B deficiency occurrence in Newhall navel orange leaves is also discussed.
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• Effect of Leaf Application with H₃BO₃ on Boron and Calcium Content in Apple Fruit
• WEI Zong-mei;XU Xue-feng;LI Tian-zhong;WANG Yi;KONG Jin;HAN Zhen-hai
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1111-1116.
• Abstract ( 1841 ) HTML ( 917 ) PDF (585KB) ( 917 ) 　　　
• ‘Fuji’(Malus domestica Borkh.) was used as the material in the experiment. The treatment of experiment was spraying leaves with 0.2% H₃BO₃at different developing stage of‘Fuji’ fruit. The contents of calcium and boron could be improved by treatment, that indicated boron could be freely transported by phloem and improved the content of calcium. By the short effect of treatment on boron absorbing, the treatment order was follow, the young fruit stage > the rapid growing phase of the fruit > ripening phase. But the effect of treatment on the ripening phase of fruit, the order was the rapid growing phase of the fruit > ripening phase > the young fruit stage. The contents of boron and calcium of cell wall in fruit could be improved by treatment. The absolute contents of different boron forms in fruit were enhanced by spraying leaves with H₃BO₃. There are three boron forms that were water soluble boron, semibound boron and bound boron. The development of fruit proportion of water soluble boron and semibound boron was higher, on the contrary, proportion of bound boron is lower.
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• Studies on Arsenic Pollution in the Apple Orchards Applied Asomate
• ZHAO Zheng-yang;ZHANG Cui-hua;LIANG Jun;LIU Zi-long;GAO Hua
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1117-1122.
• Abstract ( 2333 ) HTML ( 1202 ) PDF (531KB) ( 1202 ) 　　　
• 〗Heavy metal arsenic is one of the main controlled factors affecting apple quality safety, The arsenic contents of fruit, leaf, branch, root and soil in the apple orchard where Asomate had been applied for 5 years were analyzed respectively in order to investigate the circumstance of arsenic pollution and to provide scientific basis for controlling the pollution in apple production. The results showed that the arsenic contents in soil and all organs of tree increased after Asomate was sprayed on the tree or spread on the bark. The arsenic contents in leaves, bough barks, trunk barks and superficial taproots (0-40 cm in soil layer) increased more compared with which increased in fruits. The arsenic contents and accumulation in soil and different organs varied according to the different Asomate application methods. The arsenic contents in leaves and branches increased prominently using the spray method, and arsenic in superficial soil (0-20 cm) also increased obviously. The arsenic contents in the trunk and bough bark increased prominently, and the arsenic contents in fruits were higher compared with that in the control when the spread method was used. Total accumulated arsenic content was higher using spread method than that spray method for apple tree, and total accumulated arsenic content above ground was higher than that under ground for whole apple tree. The superficial taproot was main arsenic accumulating organ for apple tree. Arsenic pollution manifests permanently and extensively when asomate was used continuously in apple orchard.
  
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• Monitoring and Evaluation of Apple Pesticide Residues in Shaanxi
• LIANG Jun;ZHAO Zheng-yang;FAN Ming-tao;GUO Bi-yun;YUAN Jing-jun;WANG Lei-cun
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1123-1128.
• Abstract ( 1757 ) HTML ( 1392 ) PDF (469KB) ( 1392 ) 　　　
• Shaanxi is one of the most important apple production areas in China. Shaanxi apple are getting more and more concerned by people in the world. Investigating and evaluating pesticide residues in apple, making clear the key controlling pesticides is helpful to apple production and consumer^,s health. Apple pesticide residues of fresh apples in 20 apple production counties of Shaanxi Province were monitored by GC and HPLC methods from 2003 to 2005, and evaluated according to the standards of state unpolluted apple and unpolluted fruits. The results showed that 17 pesticide residues of 35 pesticides were detectable in fresh apples. The detectable rate of pesticide varieties is 48.6%, sample detectable rate 93.6%. The pesticides detectable rate more than 2% are carbendazim, cenpropathrin, BHC, cypermethrin, dimethoate, deltamethrin, fenvalerate, DDT, cyhalothrin, chlorothalonil, iprodione, chlorpyrifos, dichlovos, cyfluthrin, captan, their detectable rate are 89.5%, 18.7%, 16.7%, 15.7%, 13.4%, 11.5%, 11.2%, 9.0%, 6.7%, 5.8%, 5.3%, 3.8%, 2.3%, 2.2%, 2.1% respectively. Pesticides exceeding tolerances of state unpolluted apple and unpolluted fruits are carbendazim (9.50%), dichlovos (1.54%), phoxim (0.77%) and dimethoate (0.75%). After integrated evaluation through single pollution index, sample rates of half single pollution indexes, sample detectable rate, exceeding tolerance rates, the key pollution pesticides, ie., carbendazim in fungicide, fenpropathrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate and deltamethrin in pyrethroid, dimethoate in organophosphorus, are revealed.
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• In Vitro Induction of Tetraploid from Mature Embryos of ‘Golden Delicious’ Apple
• LI Lin-guang;;HE Ping;OU Chun-qing;LI Hui-feng;ZHANG Zhi-hong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1129-1134.
• Abstract ( 1716 ) HTML ( 1156 ) PDF (646KB) ( 1156 ) 　　　
• In vitro induction of tetraploid in apple and the technique of chimera separation were studied by treating openpollinated mature seeds of Golden Delicious with colchicine. The most efficient condition for inducing tetraploids seemed to be treating embryos with the solution including of 0.5% colchicine and 1% dimethyl sulfone in darkness for 48 hours, and then inoculation on MS medium supplemented with TDZ 1.0 mg·L^-1, IBA 0.5 mg·L^-1, sucrose 30 g·L^-1 and agar 6 g·L^-1, with 10.6% mutation rate. Compared with the diploid, the tetraploid plants grew slowly, with shorter internode, larger leaves with larger guard cell and lower density of stomata, and smaller leaf shape index. Verification of chromosome number in shoot tip cells by pressing cover slip method and detection of relative nuclear DNA content by flow cytometry proved that most mutated plantlets are homogeneous tetraploid. It was an effective method of separating chimeras into their homogeneous ploidy by in vitro regeneration plantlets from leaf pieces.
  
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• Astragalus adsurgens Is not Suitable Interplant in Armeniaca vulgaris×A. sibiricaOrchard in Loess Hilly and Gully Region
• DU She-ni;BAI Gang-shuan;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1135-1140.
• Abstract ( 1535 ) HTML ( 1233 ) PDF (552KB) ( 1233 ) 　　　
• The experimentation of interplant Astragalus adsurgens in Armeniaca vulgaris×A. sibirica orchard had been done in loess hilly and gully region of northern Shaanxi. The moisture, organic matter, total N, total P, available N, available P, available K of 0-500 cm soil layers and the growth status of A.vulgaris×A. sibirica of clean tillage, interplant six years, interplant four years and interplant two years had been determined. The results showed that the soil moisture of interplant As. adsurgens increased in 0-100 cm soil layer in autumn, but the soil moisture of the treatments of interplant As. adsurgens reduced significantly in springtime, summertime and autumn in 0-500 cm soil layer, and the soil moisture reduced obviously as interplant years increasing. In 0-100 cm soil layers, organic matter and total N of the treatments of interplant As. adsurgens were higher than clean tillage, and increased obviously as interplant years increasing, but the soil organic matter and total N under 100 cm soil layers weren^,t significant difference than clean tillage. Between the treatments of interplantAs. adsurgens and clean tillage, soil total P didnt have significant difference. Soil available N, available P and available K of the treatments of interplant As. adsurgens were significant lower than clean tillage, soil available N reduced from 0 cm to 500 cm soil layers, soil available P and available K reduced from 0 cm to 300 cm soil layers, and the content of available N, available P and available K in soil decreased obviously as interplant years increasing. The A. vulgaris×A. sibirica growth of the treatments of interplant As. adsurgens were significant weaker, and fruit set percentage and the almond yield were significant lower than clean tillage. Between As. adsurgens andA. vulgaris×A. sibirica there were a contention for water and nutrient, A. vulgaris×A. sibirica orchard wasn^,t suitable interplant As. adsurgens in loess hilly and gully egion.
  
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• Comparison of Amplification Effects on Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) Resources in China Using Different Primer Combinations
• ZHANGLi-jie;CHEN Xue-sen;CHEN Xiao-liu;FENG Jian-rong;LIU Xiao-li;CI Zhi-juan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1141-1146.
• Abstract ( 1769 ) HTML ( 844 ) PDF (543KB) ( 844 ) 　　　
• S genotypes of 30 apricot cultivars native to China were detected usingS-allele-specific PCR with 5 pairs of Prunus consensus primer combinations which had been published, and amplification effects were evaluated according to coefficient and efficiency of amplification. The results were as follows: ①The effects of PCR amplification with 5 primer combinations were different greatly. The primer combination EM-PC2consFD+EM-PC3consRD was the most suitable for Chinese apricot, and its’ coefficient and efficiency of amplification were 66.7% and 53.3%, respectively; ②No amplification was obtained using the combination EM-PC2consFD+EM-PC3consRD in the two cultivars ‘Huaxian Dajiexing’ and ‘Zhupi Shuixing’ while the other two combinations, PruC2+PruC4R and PaConsⅡ-F+PaConsⅡ-R, could amplify two fragments: In addition, no amplification was obtained using all the five pairs of combinations in the two cultivars ‘Lanzhou Dajiexing’ and ‘Baimuxing’. Then it could be concluded that, to detect S genotypes of all Chinese apricot cultivars accurately, new specific primers need to be developed besides the five primer combinations; ③The results amplified in the four cultivars ‘Hongfeng’,‘Xinshiji’, ‘Honghebao’ and ‘Erhuacao’ by two pairs of combinations, EM-PC2consFD+EM-PC3consRD and PruC2+PruC4R, showed that it was of validity to evaluate amplification effects of different primer combinations according to coefficient and efficiency of amplification in this study.
  
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• Difference in Sugar Content of Fruit Harvested in Different Month Strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duch ‘Tochiotome’) and Its Relation to Sucrose Metabolism
• CHEN Jun-wei;XIE Ming;JIANG Gui-hua;QIN Qiao-ping;XU Hong-xia;CHENG Jian-hui;WU Jiang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1147-1150.
• Abstract ( 2029 ) HTML ( 1142 ) PDF (476KB) ( 1142 ) 　　　
• Sugar accumulation and sucrose metabolism enzyme activities of strawberry fruits harvested in different month were measured by using forcing culture‘Tochiotome’ strawberry cultivar at various developmental stages. The results showed that the sugar content was different among fruits harvested in different month. The contents of total sugar and sucrose in fruits harvested in February were highest, followed by January, whereas lowest in April. The difference of sugar content in fruits harvested in different month was mainly attributed to the difference in its sucrose concentration. The activities of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose synthase (SS) synthetic direction in fruits harvested in February were significantly higher than those in January, whereas the acid invertase activity in fruits maturated in February was significantly lower than that in January. This profile of sucrosemetabolizing enzymes is favorable to sucrose accumulation for fruit harvested in February. Although the level of invertase activity and sucrose synthetic activities (SPS and SSsynthetic direction) in fruit harvested in April was still equal to that in February, sucrose accumulation in fruit harvested in April was still much lower than that in February. The results indicated lack of sucrose accumulation in fruit harvested in April may not relate to sucrose metabolism.
  
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• Flower Bud Differentiation and Changes of Carbohydrate in New Shoots inAverrhoa carambola
• WU Ping-ping;ZHOU Bi-yan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1151-1156.
• Abstract ( 2038 ) HTML ( 1320 ) PDF (2381KB) ( 1320 ) 　　　
• Histological differentiation of flower buds in different nodes of new shoots in 6 years old potted Averrhoa carambola was studied. Also carbohydrate contents in these nodes were assayed. The results showed that when the second node of the bud in new shoot became red, buds in this new shoot had almost been in histological differentiation stage except for the apical bud. Soluble sugar contents in phloem and xylem in shoots in which the first or the second bud became red were lower than those shoots in which the third or fourth bud became red. Soluble sugar and starch levels in the first node in water shoots were high, and those in the third and fifth nodes were low. The results indicated that new shoots still accumulate carbohydrates when its buds were in histological differentiation stage.
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蔬菜

• Characteristics of Photosynthesis in Seed Plants of Satellite Chromosome Monosome, Diploid and Trisome of Chinese Cabbage
• SHEN Shu-xing.;HOU Xi-lin;FU Ya-li
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1157-1162.
• Abstract ( 1599 ) HTML ( 970 ) PDF (303KB) ( 970 ) 　　　
• In order to research the effect of additioning or dropping of satellite chromosome on the photosynthetic characteristics of Chinese cabbage, the satellite chromosome monosome(satmonosome), diploid and trisome(sattrisome) of Chinese cabbage were used to examine the chlorophyll content,Hill reaction activity, photosynthetic rate(Pn),diurnal variation and Rubisco activity etc.The result showed that the additioning or dropping of satchromosome had a positive effect on chlorophyll content and a negative effect on chl.a/b. The additioning or dropping of satchromosome had a negtive effect on the photosynthetic rate(Pn). The curves of diurnal change of Pn of trisome and diploid were similar, all showed typical two peaks and showed conspicuous ‘noon sleep’. The decline of Hill reaction activity and Rubisco activity were the direct factors resulting in low photosynthetic rate of satmonosome and sattrisome. The results helped to realize the function of satchromosome of Chinese cabbage and highphotosynthetic efficiency breeding using the chromosome engineering.
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• Obtaining and Identification of the Allotetraploid from 4x Flowering Chinese Cabbage × 4x Kailan
• MAN Hong;ZHANG Cheng-he;WANG Xin-e;ZHANG Guang-hua
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1163-1168.
• Abstract ( 1563 ) HTML ( 1283 ) PDF (648KB) ( 1283 ) 　　　
• The allotetraploid interspecific hybrid of 4x flowering Chinese cabbage（2n=4x=40）× 4x kailan （2n=4x=36） was obtained by ovary culture. The results showed that the most suitable medium for ovary culture of 4x flowering Chinese cabbage × 4x kailan was Nitsch medium supplemented with sucrose 70 g/L, agar 7 g/L, vitamin B₁ 0.5 mg/L, vitamin B₆ 0.5 mg/L, biotin 0.01 mg/L, 6-BA 0.5 mg/L, IAA 0.1 mg/L, pH 5.8, and the best culture stage was 7 d after pollination. The cytological identification showed that chromosome number of the allotetraploid was 2n=4x=38. The amount of DNA by flow cytometry showed that DNA relative content of the allotetraploid was twice of that of its diploid presents. The morphlogical observation showed that the characters, such as anthesis, leaf shape and colour, flower size and colour, of the allotetraploid hybrid were between of its parent species.
  
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• Cloning and Expression Analysis of Vernalization-related Gene BcFLC in Brassica campestris
• HUANG Xi-song;LI Jin-yu;YU Xiao-lin;SUN Bao-juan;CAO Jia-shu
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1169-1176.
• Abstract ( 1617 ) HTML ( 1023 ) PDF (1996KB) ( 1023 ) 　　　
• In order to investigate the flowering repressor geneFLC in Chinese cabbage-pak-choi, by homologous cloning and RACE, vernalizationrelated gene BcFLC1 andBcFLC2 were respectively isolated from Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. communis ‘Shanghai Qing’ andBrassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. parachinensis ‘Sijiu’. The results of alignment indicated that there was no difference between the coding sequences (CDS) of BcFLC1 and BcFLC2, and the nucleotide sequence of promoter and intron 1 of them ere of no substantial difference. RTPCR analysis showed that the expression of BcFLC1 in the shoot apical meristem of ‘Shanghai Qing’was reduced gradually by the time of artificially vernalization at 4℃, and it got a very low level after 20 days and was undetectable after 30 days. The paraffin section also proved that 20 days cold treatment was enough for the apical meristem transforming to reproductive development. BcFLC2 was strongly expressed in the leaf of flowering Chinese cabbage‘Sijiu’ before floral buds appear; however, the expression of BcFLC2 was undetectable after floral buds’ appearance.
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• Identification of Molecular Markers Linked to Foliage Non-bitterness Gene（bi）in Cucumis sativus L.
• CHI Xiu-rong;GU Xing-fang;ZHANG Sheng-ping;WANG Xiao-wu;WANG Ye
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1177-1182.
• Abstract ( 1549 ) HTML ( 1443 ) PDF (1050KB) ( 1443 ) 　　　
• In this study, AFLP technique and the method of bulked segregant analysis were used to study the F₂ progeny of purified cucumber line 9110Gt（bibi）×03828（BiBi）.One AFLP molecular markers TG/GCT₁₅₀ linked to non-bitterness gene in cucumber with a genetic distance 6.43 cM were identified from 256 primer combinations. This band was collected and sequenced to synthesize a sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) primer, and TG/GCT₁₅₀ was converted to SCAR marker SC₈₇ successfully.
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• Genetic Effect Analysis on Eight Agronomic Traits of Summer Squash
• CHEN Feng-zhen;HE Qi-wei;FAN Zhi-cheng;SHENG Jin
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1183-1188.
• Abstract ( 1806 ) HTML ( 1265 ) PDF (417KB) ( 1265 ) 　　　
• The genetic effects of yield traits, plant traits and maturity traits of summer squash were analyzed by using three inbred lines with significant difference. The results indicated that F1 had different heterosis on the main yield traits. Fruit number per plant, ratio of fruit setting and node of 1st female flower accorded with the pattern of additivedominance, while node of 1st female flower had negative dominance effect primarily. Plant height, leaf number, internode length, individual fruit mass and early flowering season were coincident with the pattern of additivedominanceepistasis. But the genetic effects of those traits had difference: Plant height had mostly additive effect; Early flowering season was mostly additive effect and additive dominance effect; Leaf number was mostly additive effect and dominance effect; The broad heritability of individual fruit mass was relatively low.
  
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• Preliminary Studies on Etiology of Summer Squash Bacterial Soft Rot Disease
• LI Lin;XU Zuo-ting;LI Chang-song;QI Jun-shan;LI Fan;ZH-ENG Ji-fa
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1189-1194.
• Abstract ( 1909 ) HTML ( 1026 ) PDF (468KB) ( 1026 ) 　　　
• A bacterial disease was found on summer squash basal stems in protected vegetable fields of 12 counties in Shandong Province from 2004 to 2006. One hundred and thirtyfive strains were isolated from 55 diseased plants. The pathogenicities of some strains showed that all these strains could cause the same symptoms as in the open field. The pathogen was identified as Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora based on the morphology, dyeing reaction, culture characteristics, physiological and biochemical tests.
  
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• Changes and Analysis of Hormones and Polyamines in Different Sexual Flower Buds of Melon
• ZHANG Jian-nong;LI Ji-hong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1195-1200.
• Abstract ( 1531 ) HTML ( 1413 ) PDF (485KB) ( 1413 ) 　　　
• The female, male and hermaphrodite flowers in different development stages of monoecious and andromonoecious nearisogenic lines of melon were used as materials to test the contents of 4 internal hormones and 4 polyamines with HPLC. The results showed that GA₃ content was higher in the young and old female and hermaphrodite flowers than in the male flowers; ZT and IAA content was higher in male flowers than in the female and hermaphrodite flowers for most of time in development period. ABA content rose obviously in middle and late development period of male flowers, and was higher than female flowers. The change trend of ABA content in hermaphrodite flowers was similar but ABA content markedly higher than female flowers; ZT/GA₃ in male flowers were higher than the female and hermaphrodite flowers. Thus it could be considered that higher GA₃ content, lower ZT and IAA content were beneficial to development of pistil, and higher ABA content was beneficial to development of stamen in middle and late development period. The order of Cad content was female, hermaphrodite and male flowers from high to low in the young period of flower bud. Cad content rose obviously in male and hermaphrodite flowers along with the development of flower bud, but it always was lower in female flowers. So higher Cad content was beneficial to development of pistil and lower content was beneficial to development of stamen in the early stage. On the contrary, higher Cad content promoted ripeness of stamen. Higher Spd content was beneficial to development of pistil in the early stage.
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• Screening and RAPD Analysis of Gummy Stem Blight Resistance in Melon Germplasm
• ZHOU Xiao-hui;Joseph N. Wolukau;LI Ying;ZHANG Yong-bin;WU Ming-zhu;CHEN Jin-feng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1201-1206.
• Abstract ( 1626 ) HTML ( 1093 ) PDF (403KB) ( 1093 ) 　　　
• Two hundred and eight accessions of melon germplasm were screened and evaluated for resistance to gummy stem blight (GSB) by artificial inoculation at the seedling stage. The results showed that eighty six among them were resistant and one hundred and twenty two were susceptible. Fourteen RAPD primers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of the twenty nine accessions with the most GSB resistance. In total one hundred and sixteen DNA polymorphic bands were scored, with an average of 8.29 bands for each primer. Shannons information index (I) and Neis gene diversity index were 0.4331 and 0.2855, respectively, indicating rather large genetic distances among those germplasm. Cluster analysis by UPGMA divided these twenty nine accessions into two groups, and the accessions with the same geographical origin were clustered together.
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• Effects of Exogenous Silicon on Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolism of Asparagus Bean Seedlings under Rust Stress
• LI Guo-jing;LIU Yong-hua;WU Xiao-hua;ZHU Zhu-jun;WANG Bao-gen;LU Zhong-fu
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1207-1212.
• Abstract ( 1658 ) HTML ( 1266 ) PDF (683KB) ( 1266 ) 　　　
• The effects of exogenous silicon (Si) on reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism of asparagus bean under Uromyces vignae stress were conducted with two asparagus bean cultivars ‘ZN016’ (highly resistant) and‘Zhijiang 282’ (susceptible) in a substrate culture system. The results indicated that Si promoted the activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT)and superoxide dismulase (SOD), decreased O₂^-· generation rate and the contents of H₂O₂ and MDA in the leaves of both cultivars, when the plants were inoculated with U. vignae. And the contents of phenolic compound, glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AsA) in the leaves of inoculated susceptible plants were significantly increased by Si. There were no consistent effects of Si on these parameters when the plants were not infected byU. vignae. Si significantly suppressed rust development in susceptible cultivar ‘Zhijiang 282’, the disease index being 31.7% lower in Sisupplied than in Sideprived plants. It indicated that exogenous Si treatment could enhance rust resistance of asparagus bean seedlings through promoting antioxidant enzymes activities and maintaining low ROS levels under rust stress.
  
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• Duplex RT-PCR Detection of Potato spindle tuber viroid with an Internal Control of Potato ND2 mRNA
• MA Hui;XIE Xiao-liang;YIN Jiang;WEN Chun-xiu;WU Zhi-ming
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1213-1216.
• Abstract ( 1680 ) HTML ( 1060 ) PDF (404KB) ( 1060 ) 　　　
• The specific primers were designed according to the highly conserved regions of Potato spindle tuber viroid(PSTVd) gene sequence，and were used to detect PSTVd by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In order to avoid false negative results from RNA degradation or the poor reaction quality of RT-PCR, an internal control which based on the genomic mRNA sequence of potato mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase ND2 subunit was incorporated in the PSTVd detection protocol. One of the internal control primers was designed and located over the spliced junction of mRNA, the primers were shown to amplify only the spliced RNA derived cDNA but not the genomic DNA itself. Using the internal control primers and the PSTVd primers, two specific PCR fragments were amplified by duplex RTPCR, which were expected the size of 190 bp for internal control gene and 360 bp for PSTVd, respectively. The internal control could effectively inspect the detection process of PSTVd by duplex RT-PCR.
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观赏植物

• Effects of Water Stress on Antioxidant System and Lipid Peroxidation in Leaves of Rhododendron fortunei
• KE Shi-sheng;YANG Min-wen
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1217-1222.
• Abstract ( 1656 ) HTML ( 1341 ) PDF (351KB) ( 1341 ) 　　　

• Rhododendron fortunei is one of the famous ornamental flowers in China, but its water conditions for growth are less known. Effects of soil water stress on antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation in the leaves of R. fortuneiwere investigated by using 5-year old pot-cultured seedlings as experimental materials and exposing them to different levels of water stress. Twelve pots of plant seedlings with a similar growth were divided into 4 groups: no stress (control), light stress, moderate stress and heavy stress. In comparison with no stress and light water stress, moderate stress and heavy stress resulted in significant increases in the malondiadehyde (MDA) content, generating rate of superoxide anion (O₂^-.), proline content, peroxidase(POD) activity and membrane permeability of leaf cells and significant decreasea in glutathione(GSH) content, carotenoid content and catalase (CAT) activity. However, the content of ascorbic acid (AsA), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) exhibited another, i.g. increased under moderate water stress, but decreased under heavy water stress. The present conclusion is that R. fortunei growth can be inhibited through enhancing lipid peroxidation under heavy water stress.

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• Morphological Characters and Anatomical Construction of Tubiform Petal from Stamen Primordium as Well as Its Formation in Paeonia suffruticosa and P. lactiflora
• CHEN Xue-lin;LU Mao-zhen;CUI Zhi-jia;LIAN Yong-shan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1223-1226.
• Abstract ( 2419 ) HTML ( 1667 ) PDF (715KB) ( 1667 ) 　　　
• In this study，the morphological characters of petals from stamen primordia in Paeonia suffruticosa，P.rockii，P.ludlowii，P.decomposita, P.ostii，P.qiui，P.delavayi and P.lactiflora have carefully been surveyed． Furthermore，the quantity of tubiform petals from stamen primordia only occurred in P. suffruticosa，P. rockii and P.lactiflora have been measured，and their anatomic construction have been examined．The results as following：(1) The rate of tubiform petals from stamen primordia is quite low and its morphological characters is simple in the flowers of P.suffruticosa and P.rockii. By contrast，the rate of tubiform petals from stamen primordia is obviously higher and its morphological characters is more complex in the flowers of P.lactiflora．(2) From bottom to top, there is a series of transformation in the anatomic construction of tubiform petals from stamen primordia．In contrast to the anatomic construction of tubiform petals from stamen primordia in P.suffruticosa and P.rockii, P. lactiflorasis more diverse. (3) Sustained differentiation of the lateral meristem of the vascular bundle and the increase of the quantity of vascular bundle play a key role during the developmental process transformed the stamen primordium into tubiform petal. (4) The developmental process of the tubiform petal from stamen primordium can be divided into following four stages, the primordium differentiation，the transformation development，the formation of tubiform petal and the maturation of tubiform petal.
  
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• Phylogenetic Relationship Between Ornamental and Wild Species of Malus in China
• ZHANG Ning;SHEN Hong-xiang;GAO Xia-hong;YAO Yun-cong;WANG Yang;FENG Yong-qing 
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1227-1234.
• Abstract ( 1756 ) HTML ( 1428 ) PDF (1028KB) ( 1428 ) 　　　
• In this study, 24 crabapple cultivars and 23 wild species of Malus were analyzed using AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) molecular marker in order to test the genetic diversity and relationship of the materials. The results showed that a total of 589 informative AFLP fragments were generated with 10 EcoR Ι-Mse Ι primer combinations, of which 534 ones were polymorphic and the polymorphism rate was 90.66%. Rich genetic diversity of crabapple germplasm resources was detected at DNA level. UPGMA (Unweighted Pair-Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) cluster analysis based on Jaccard coefficient indicated that the materials used in the study could be divided into 8 groups, crabapple cultivars were divided into 4 groups. In the present study, 22 of 24 cultivars tested were closely related with species of Malus in China.
  
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• Karyomorphology of Fourteen Cultivars in Cut Chrysanthemum
• LI Chang;CHEN Fa-di;ZHAO Hong-bo;FANG Wei-min
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1235-1242.
• Abstract ( 1836 ) HTML ( 1262 ) PDF (1611KB) ( 1262 ) 　　　
• 〗Fourteen cultivars of cut chrysanthemum (Dendranthema×grandiflorum) were karyomorphologically studied by conventional pressed slice method. The results showed that: (1) The interphase nuclei and prophase chromosomes of all cultivars were found to be of the complex chromocenter type and the interstitial type respectively. (2) The somatic chromosomes showed polysomaty whether within or among cultivars. The range of chromosome numbers was from 48 to 56, and 54 was preponderant. (3) Karyotype was diverse and consisted of metacentric, submetacentric and acrocentric chromosomes. Cultivars of ‘Shenma’,‘Xiaohongniang’,‘Jiuyuehuang’, ‘Xiaoju Shuangse’ possessed 1 or 2 satellites. The relative length of chromosome varies from 2.04% to 5.26%, asymmetry index was between 62.39% and 67.32%. The karyotype type of ‘Changzi’, ‘Italy Red’, ‘Xiaohongniang’,‘Aligesi’belonged to “2B”, the others belonged to “2A”. (4) All the cultivars were normal divided in anaphase and telophase besides ‘Qinglu’. In addition, karyotype diversity and evolutional trend in cut chrysanthemums were discussed bases on results.
  
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• Genetic Relationship of 85 Chrysanthemum〔Dendranthema×grandiflora(Ramat.) Kitamura〕Cultivars Revealed by ISSR Analysis
• MIAO Heng-bin;CHEN Fa-di;ZHAO Hong-bo
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1243-1248.
• Abstract ( 1729 ) HTML ( 1557 ) PDF (744KB) ( 1557 ) 　　　
• ISSR-PCR was used to detect the genetic diversity and relationship of 85 chrysanthemum cultivars. ISSR fingerprinting amplified by 22 ISSR primers revealed a total number of 160 unambiguous bands, of which 148 ones were polymorphic and the polymorphism frequency was 92.5%. As analyzed by POPGENE 1.31, the average value of effective number of alleles, Nei's gene diversity and Shannon's information index were 1.6013, 0.3485 and 0.5162, respectively. As analyzed by SPSS 11.0, the similarity coefficient between cultivars ranged from 0.294 to 0.802. These 85 chrysanthemum cultivars were divided into six groups by UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average) based on Jaccard coefficient. The genetic relationship of 85 cultivars was related to their petal types.
  
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• Pollen Viability and Fertilization of Clivia miniata Regel
• SHEN Jia-heng;SHEN Ye;LI Wei;SHANG Ya-jia;DING Jian-ting;LI Ran-li
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1249-1256.
• Abstract ( 2030 ) HTML ( 1030 ) PDF (1940KB) ( 1030 ) 　　　

• Pollen viability and the process of fertilization inClivia miniata Regel are studied by means of storing the pollen at low temperature and routine paraffinembedded sectioning technique, so as to offer some information for its cross breeding.The results are as follows: The setting percentage of fresh pollen is 35%, it declines to 22% when the pollens are kept for 70 days at -21℃, it turns to 4% when the pollens are stored for another 70 days. Two sperms have the characteristic of heteromorphism. In mature embryo sac, secondary nucleus lies in the antipodal cells end. Asynchronization, unfertilization and abortion in the process of ovule development are main reasons for low setting percentage. Fertilization and duration of each stage: Pollen grains germinate about two hours after artifical pollination, then the pollen tube prolongs in style for about 12 h. Fusion of male and female sexual cells takes place 42-50 h after pollination. The division of primary endosperm nucleus takes place 44-46 h after pollination. 6-7 days after pollination, zygote begins to devide. The dormancy stage of zygote lasts about 4-5 days.

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• Analysis on Chromosome Number and Morphology of Varieties in Phalaenopsis
• ZHUANG Dong-hong;QU Ying;XU Da-xiong;LI Jun;CHEN Zhi-ling 
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1257-1262.
• Abstract ( 1650 ) HTML ( 285 ) PDF (0KB) ( 285 ) 　　　
• After the cell walls were degraded with enzymes and chromosomal samples were prepared, and then the number and modality of chromosomes in thirty-eightPhalaenopsis hybrids were analyzed. It was found that the chromosome ploidy displayed diversity in the analyzed varieties. Five varieties were used, of which three were tetraploid (2n=4x=76)，and two were triploid (2n=3x=57).For the varieties bred abroad, fourteen were tetraploid, one was triploid and five were aneuploid. The number of the varieties bred at home was 13, ten were tetraploid and three were aneuploid. No diploid was observed. In addition, the chromosome length and modality also showed diversity among different hybrids, in which the genomes of twentyone consisted of small chromosomes (about 2.5 μm in length) only. In the other seventeen hybrids, however, big chromosomes (5-9.5 μm) were also observed besides the small ones. Some relation between the chromosome type and flower color was also observed. The chromosome ploidy, modality and sterility of different varieties in Phalaenopsis were discussed.
  
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• Karyomorphological Studies on Five Species ofPrimula
• ZHANG Xiao-man;ZHANG Qi-xiang;SUN Xiao-guang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1263-1266.
• Abstract ( 1502 ) HTML ( 1308 ) PDF (447KB) ( 1308 ) 　　　
• In this paper, karyomorphologically studies were carried out on five species of Primula.The results were as follows. The number and karyotypes of metaphase chromosomes were formulated to be 2n=2x=18m for P. forbesii，2n=2x=20m+2sm forP. secundiflora Franch, 2n=2x=20m+2M for P. sinensis，2n=2x=22m for P. maximowiczii， 2n=2x=22m for P. serratifolia. The karyotypes were all of 1A type exceptP. sinensis which the karyotype was 1B type.The karyomorphology of four species, P. forbesii, P. sinensis, P. maximowiczii, P. serratifolia were reported for the first time.
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• Expression Analysis of Ovule Identity Gene homads1 During in Vitro Flowering of Hyacinthus orientalis L.
• SU Hong-yan;WANG Lei;GE Yi-he;ZHANG Yu-xiang;LI Xing-guo;ZHANG Xian-sheng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1267-1272.
• Abstract ( 1732 ) HTML ( 1062 ) PDF (650KB) ( 1062 ) 　　　
• Tepals of Hyacinthus orientalis L. were used as explants to induce the formation of ovules through controlling the level of 6-BA and 2, 4-D in the media. Anatomical studies using light microscopy showed that the development of in vitro ovules resembled that of in planta. To investigate the temporal and spatial expression pattern of homads1 during in vitro ovule initiation, which is involved in the determination of ovule identities in Hyacinthus, RNA in situ hybridization was carried out. The hybridization signals were first detected in some cells along the edge of carpel-like organ, from which the ovules were derived, and then restricted to the ovule primordial and ovules. The results indicated that homads1 plays an important role in the initiation and development of in vitro ovules. Further expression analysis by RT-PCR indicated that homads1is induced by low level of 6-BA and 2, 4-D duringin vitro ovule initiation and development. This study may provide some clues to understand the molecular mechanism of ovule development regulated by hormones. 
  
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研究报告

• Effect of PP₃₃₃ and Boron, Molybdenum on Cold Resistance of Zoysia tenuifolia
• SHAO Ling;LIANG Guang-jian;ZHONG Jing-bo
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1273-1278.
• Abstract ( 1768 ) HTML ( 1046 ) PDF (660KB) ( 1046 ) 　　　
• The effect of boron,molybdenum(B+Mo),PP₃₃₃, and PP₃₃₃+B+Mo treaments on cold resistance of warm season Zoysia tenuifolia was studied.The results showed that PP₃₃₃ or/and (B+Mo) increased the contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar and free proline inZoysia tenuifolia, the ability of cellular osmoregulation was strengthened. The effect of application of PP₃₃₃+B+Mo in combination was the best, the contents of malonaldehyde (MDA) decreased significantly compared with control（P＜0.01）and the relative osmotic ability of membrane was minimum. Compared with control or (B+Mo) application, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in leaves obviously increased, and the speed of pigment of chloroplast decomposition slowed down. So the treatment of (PP₃₃₃+B+Mo) could promote the recovery growth of turf grass under 1℃ for 3 d.
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• Comparative on the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Grafted and Seeded Ginkgo biloba L.
• TANG Hui;WANG Man-lian;LIANG Hui-ling;WEI Xiao;LI Feng;JIANG Yun-sheng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1279-1282.
• Abstract ( 1625 ) HTML ( 1116 ) PDF (279KB) ( 1116 ) 　　　
• The photosynthetic and physiological characteristics, and diurnal variation of photosynthesis in leaves of grafted and seeded Ginkgo biloba were studied. The results showed that: 1) Maximum net photosynthetic rate(Pn), the light compensation point and the diurnal photosynthetic production yield of the grafted and double-grafted Ginkgo biloba were significantly higher than those of Ginkgo biloba seedling, which contributed to their prematurity and great yield. 2) The higher photosynthetic capacity of the grafted and double-grafted Ginkgo biloba was associated with their lower specific leaf area and higher leaf nitrogen per unit leaf area; However, their photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency was lower than that of Ginkgo biloba seedling. 3) The diurnal variation of Pn and stomatal conductance were ‘two-peaked’ curves. The rapid reduction of Pn at midday was due to high light, high temperature and low relative humidity, the main cause of which in Ginkgo biloba seedling was due to stomatal restriction factors, whereas, which was due to nonstomatal restriction factors in grafted and double-grafted Ginkgo biloba.
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• The Relationships Between Bisexual Flowers of ‘Tainong 1’ Mango and Temperature and Humidity
• OU Shi-jin;ZHU Jian-hua;PENG Hong-xiang;HUANG Tai-ming;HE Quan-guang;XU Ning;HE Xin-hua
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1283-1286.
• Abstract ( 1757 ) HTML ( 1116 ) PDF (271KB) ( 1116 ) 　　　
• In this paper, statistical method was applied to the study of the linear correlations between the bisexual flower percentage of ‘Tainong 1’ mango and temperature and humidity variants during and before blossom. The results showed that ‘Tainong 1’mango had a relatively high percentage of bisexual flowers, and the percentage of bisexual flowers rose as the temperature increased. The morphological differentiation of flower organs began around 30 days before blossom (DBB) and ended 5 DBB. The percentage of bisexual flower had a significant and positive linear correlation with the average diurnal highest temperature, the average diurnal temperature, the average diurnal lowest temperature and the accumulated temperature during 6 to 30 DBB. During the period from 26 to 30 DBB, temperature and humidity was vital to the formation of bisexual flower, and relatively higher temperature and suitable humidity would benefit that formation. During the period of 16 to 20 DBB, the percentage of bisexual flower rose with higher average diurnal humidity.
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• The Relationship Between the Activity of PG and Cx with Dietary Fibre in Sweet Orange Fruit
• DONG Tao;XIA Ren-xue;HUANG Ren-hua;XU Yong-jie;WANG Yong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1287-1292.
• Abstract ( 1745 ) HTML ( 1085 ) PDF (432KB) ( 1085 ) 　　　
• TDF (total dietary fiber), IDF (insoluble dietary fiber), SDF (soluble dietary fiber), CEL (cellulose), HC (hemicellulose), TP (total pectin), Protopectin, WSP (water soluble pectin) and PG, Cx enzymes activities were determined in the peel and pulp of Cara Cara, Newhall navel orange and Tarocco Sanguine at different development stages. The results showed that TDF contents in the peel and pulp of three sweet oranges decreased gradually during the whole developmental period and the change tendency were identical in three varieties. Tarocco Sanguine orange TDF contents were least, Newhall were next, Cara cara most. The change tendency of TDF contents was accord with IDF, but against with SDF. Pectin contents decreased in fruit especially in pulp. WSP contents increased slighty during the later stage. Following the growth of the fruit, the lignin and HC in fruit decreased rapidly. Lignin and HC contents were opposite correlated with Cx activity markedly. PG activity was lower in the early growth period, along with the fruit mature increased quickly, and decreased rapidly after the maximization at the beginning of November.
  
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• Co-changes of Antioxidant Enzymes and Ascorbic Acids During the Fruit and Leaf Development of Rosa roxburghii
• AN Hua-ming;FAN Wei-guo;LIU Qing-lin;CHEN Li-geng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1293-1296.
• Abstract ( 1749 ) HTML ( 1120 ) PDF (290KB) ( 1120 ) 　　　
• Rosa roxburghii Tratt ‘Guinong 5’ was used to investigate the co-changes of antioxidant enzymes activity and ascorbic acid contents in fruits and leaves during the development. The results showed that the high activity of SOD presented in both fruits and leaves, and basically with a parallel pattern during the development. The high activities of POD and CAT and low ascorbate content, which increased at the early developmental stage but decreased later in leaves. By comparison, the fruit had a remarkable characteristics of extreme richness of both SOD and ascorbic acid although transitory and weak POD and no CAT activity was detected during the fruit development. These data revealed that different ROSscavenging mechanisms cooperating in the fruits and leaves of this plant.
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• Effects of Extracts of Leaves of Juglans regia to Several Enzyme Systems in Tetranychus cinnabarinus
• WANG You-nian;MIAO Pei-fang;CAO Hui;LIU Su-qi;SHI Guang-lu
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1297-1300.
• Abstract ( 1700 ) HTML ( 896 ) PDF (218KB) ( 896 ) 　　　
• Several kinds of important enzyme systems inTetranychus cinnabarinus treated with petroleum ether extract of Juglans regia leaves were tested. The results indicated that the extracts of J. regia leaves had strongly acaricidal activities against T. cinnabarinus. The activities of glutathione-S-transferase in T. cinnabarinus were strongly induced, but the activities of acetylcholinease, monoamine oxidase and Ca²⁺Mg²⁺-ATPs were restrained. The result suggested that the petroleum ether extract of J. regia leaves may be the cause the transmit block of nerve in mites. The result from the experiment also indicated that the discovery had a good developing prospect for making full use of J. regia leaves as new resources of botanical acaricide.
  
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• Relationship Between Lutein Deficit and Light Allocation as well as Antioxidants in Tomato
• WANG Yan-jie;XIA Xiao-jian;ZHOU Yan-hong;YU Jing-quan;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1301-1304.
• Abstract ( 1655 ) HTML ( 1040 ) PDF (293KB) ( 1040 ) 　　　
• A lutein deficit mutant (Xa) of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was used to study the relationship between xanthophylls cycle and light allocation as well as antioxidant levels. Xa mutant showed significantly lower nonphotochemical quenching (qN), ΔpH and xanthophyllregulated thermal energy dissipation (J_NPQ) than those of Ailsa Craig, but similar net photosynthesis rate (Pn), carboxylation efficiency (CE) and photochemical quenching (qP) to those of Ailsa Craig. Moreover, Xa mutant exhibited increased activities of most antioxidant enzymes in cellular organelles and higher antioxidants contents in the leaves as compared to Ailsa Craig. All these results suggested that Xa mutant protected plant cells from photooxidation damage mainly by decreasing light adsorption and increasing antioxidant capacity.
  
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• Effect of Nematode Resistant Rootstocks on Growth Characteristics and Yields of Tomato
• DONG Dao-feng;CAO Zhi-ping;WANG Xiu-hui;HU Ju;Maria Lodovica Gullino
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1305-1308.
• Abstract ( 1701 ) HTML ( 1188 ) PDF (201KB) ( 1188 ) 　　　
• The experiment was to study the effect of three foreign tomato resistant rootstocks on controlling rootknot nematode disease and on growth and yield of tomato. The result demonstrated that there was high affinity between the three resistant rootstocks and scion (FA189). The survive rate of grafted plants was above 90%. It also showed grafting has no effect on chlorophyll of the plant and quality of the fruit, but delayed the growth of the plant. The three grafted resistant tomato rootstocks successfully controlled the nematode disease. Yields of grafted tomato were enhanced about 15%-20% with high quality and stable mass of fruit than that of nongrafted tomato.
  
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• Effect of Spermidine on Chillingtolerance in Cucumber Seedlings
• YIN Lu-lu;YANG Xiu-hua;LI Kun;HAN Dao-jie;WANG Ying-hua;XU Zhen-hang;YU Xian-chang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1309-1312.
• Abstract ( 1534 ) HTML ( 1018 ) PDF (272KB) ( 1018 ) 　　　
• Cucumber seedlings with two true leaves which were spread by spermidine(Spd) of different concentrations were used to study the effect of Spd on their growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics under 5℃ for four days in order to ascertain effects and physiological mechanisms of Spd on chillingtolerance of cucumber. The results showed that Spd at 050 mmol·L^-1 is more effective in improving chillingtolerance of cucumber seedlings. Pretreatment of Spd could improve increase of dry matter and water content, obviously decrease chilling injury index, electrolytic leakage and malondialdehyde(MDA) content, significantly increase activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase(POD), catalase(CAT) and ascorbic peroxidase(APX), content of ascorbic acid, proline and soluble sugar, maintain higher root activity.
  
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• Changes of Sugar Content and Sucrose Metabolizing Enzyme Activities During Fleshy Taproot Development in Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)
• WANG Wei;GONG Yi-qin;LIU Li-wang;WANG Yan;JING Zan-ge;HUANG Dan-qiong;WANG Long-zhi
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1313-1316.
• Abstract ( 1722 ) HTML ( 977 ) PDF (220KB) ( 977 ) 　　　
• Several physiological changes during the development of radish fleshy taproot were studied using the advanced inbred lines of different ratio of root to shoot（R/S）. The results showed that sink activity patterns of taproot were much similar among the four lines. The contents of carbohydrates including soluble total sugar, sucrose and fructose decreased at the beginning of taproot enlarging, and to the minimum at the stage of the primary cortex split. The sucrose content of the low R/S line NAU-LR-04 was higher than those of three high R/S lines at all stages, while the fructose content was lower in NAU-LR-04. Changes of activities of sucrose synthase (SuSy) were similar to sink activities in all lines, and the activity of SuSy in low R/S line was higher than those of high R/S lines. It can be inferred that the SuSy may play an important role in the sucrose level regulation and sink activity control during radish fleshy taproot thickening.
  
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• Effects of Soil Water Stress on Growth and Biomass Distribution of Sedum aizoon and^{Sedum spectabilis}
• SU Dan;SUN Guo-feng;ZHANG Jin-zheng;JIANG Chuang-dao;YU Qiang-bo;GU De-feng;DONG Ran
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1317-1320.
• Abstract ( 1669 ) HTML ( 923 ) PDF (226KB) ( 923 ) 　　　
• The effects of soil water stress on the growth and the biomass distribution of Sedum aizoon L. and S. spectabilis Boreau were studied. The results showed that the growth and the biomass distribution of the two species were significantly affected by soil water stress. The increments of plant height, leaf number, total leaf area and biomass of the two species decreased with the increase of the intensity of water stress. Greater growth inhibition by water stress was found in Sedum aizoon than in S. spectabilis. The biomass distribution was significantly affected by soil water stress, the root/shoot ratio decreased under serious drought condition. Moreover, water stress decreased the water contents of the two species, and the decrease in Sedum aizoon was greater than that in S. spectabilis. The studies indicated that S. sepectabilis was better adapted to water stress thanSedum aizoon. 
  
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• Genetic Relationship of Partial Peony Germplasm Resources with RAPD Markers
• GUO Xian-feng;WANG Lian-ying
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1321-1326.
• Abstract ( 1565 ) HTML ( 1095 ) PDF (542KB) ( 1095 ) 　　　
• Relationship among 5 wild species and 26 cultivars were analyzed using RAPD（Random amplified polymorphic DNA）markers. One hundred and fifty three amplified fragments were detected by applying 17 10-mer primers, among them 149 fragments were polymorphic. Cluster analysis was then performed by UPGMA method. In the dendrogram based on the genetic similarity coefficients, Paeonia anomala were separated from other 30 samples at GSC(Genetic Similarity Coefficient) of 0.32; And at GSC of 0.54, P.veitchii, P.obovata and P.mairei were individually separated, while P.lactiflora was still linked together with all of the cultivars. The result suggested high genetic homogeneity between the cultivars and P.lactiflora. Comparatively, the other 4 wild species showed distant genetic relationship with the cultivars, and the order based on the GSC from close to distant was arranged as P.mairei, P.obovata,P.veitchii and P.anomola. This molecular study revealed the narrow genetic background of the cultivated peonies native to China, so there exists broad space of improving the cultivars with wild species. 
  
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新技术与新方法

• A Preliminary Study on thein Vitro Culture of Endangered Plant Davidia involucrata Baill.
• JIN Xiao-ling;WU An-xiang;SHEN Shou-yun;ZHANG Huai-yun
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1327-1328.
• Abstract ( 1641 ) HTML ( 1132 ) PDF (197KB) ( 1132 ) 　　　
• Davidia involucrata Baill. named Chinese dove tree. It is not only a fomous ornamental plant but also a rare and endangered plant. This paper mainly dealt with the study on shoot organogenesis culture in vitro culture from dormant bud explants of Davidia involucrata. The results showed that the best media for various stages were as follows:(1) The dormant bud induction medium: WPM+BA 2.0 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.1 mg·L^-1; (2) Clump shoot induction medium: WPM + 2.0 mg·L^-1 BA;(3) Clump shoot regeneration medium: WPM+ BA 2.0 mg·L^-1+ ZT 0.1 mg·L^-1;(4) Rooting medium: WPM + NAA 0.5 mg·L^-1.
  
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新品种

• A New Apple Variety ‘Hongjinfu’
• TIAN Jian-bao;SUN Jun-jie;CHENG En-ming;ZHANG Gui-ping
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1329-1329.
• Abstract ( 1753 ) HTML ( 984 ) PDF (67KB) ( 984 ) 　　　
• 'Hongjinfu' is a new apple cultivar of early-maturing bud mutation from ‘Nagano Fuji 2’. It has good characters of early bearing, high yield, stable yield, as well as strong adaptability. The ripening date is about 45 days earlier than ‘Nagano Fuji 2’. The main mutant characters are fine and constant. The fruit is rather regular with less rust mark around the sepal. Its storage character is similar to that of ‘Nagano Fuji 2’.
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• A Very Late ripening Flat Peach Cultivar ‘Ruipan 21’
• GUO Ji-ying;JIANG Quan;ZHAO Jian-bo;CHENQing-hua
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1330-1330.
• Abstract ( 1555 ) HTML ( 1016 ) PDF (369KB) ( 1016 ) 　　　
• ‘Ruipan 21’ is a very lateripening flat peach (Prunus persica var.platycarpa Bailey)cultivar derived from the cross of Fantasia×Ruipan 4. The fruit development period (FDP) is 166 days. Its average fruit mass is 236 g. The fruit is flat, white fleshed, melting, sweet and clingstone. 
  
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• A New Early-maturity Cauliflower Hybrid ‘Jingyan 60’
• DING Yun-hua;JIAN Yuan-cai
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1331-1331.
• Abstract ( 1294 ) HTML ( 874 ) PDF (76KB) ( 874 ) 　　　
• ‘Jingyan 60’ is a new hybrid of cauliflower crossbred by a cytoplasmic male sterile line CMS60-2 as female parent and an inbred line 37-2A as male parent. The plants grow vigorously. It takes about 60 days from transplanting to harvesting. Each head weighs 0.8-1.0 kg. The white curds are compact in structure and semispherical in shape. Its hybrid purity can reach to 100%. It is tolerant of high temperature, resistant to disease and suitable for autumn cultivation.
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• A New Eggplant Cultivar ‘Chuanqie 2’
• FANG Chao;LI Yue-jian;LIU Du-chen;LIU Xiao-jun
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1332-1332.
• Abstract ( 1293 ) HTML ( 980 ) PDF (75KB) ( 980 ) 　　　
• 'Chuanqie 2’ is a new early maturing eggplant hybrid. The young fruit is a long stick in shape and shining purple in color and the flesh is white. The average fruit mass is 120-130 g. It also has a good quality and high marketable percentage. It has high yield during early stages. The total yield is 43 t/hm². The hybrid has high resistance to coldness and is suitable for protected cultivation and open field production.
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• A New Pumpkin Cultivar ‘Hongyun’
• LIU Xiao-jun;LIU Du-chen;LI Yue-jian;FANG Chao
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1333-1333.
• Abstract ( 1284 ) HTML ( 874 ) PDF (74KB) ( 874 ) 　　　
• Hongyun’is a new early maturing pumpkin hybrid with high yield. The cultivar grows quickly. The fruit is round and flat in shape with red pericarp and yellow-orange flesh and high dry matter content, It's average fruit mass is 1.3-1.5 kg. It tastes sweet, floury and delicious. The yield is 22.5 t/hm². It is suitable for protected production and open field production.
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• A New Hybrid of Watermelon ‘Yuyuan Kaixuan’
• LI Xiao-hui;XU Xiao-li;CHANG Gao-zheng;JING Yan-cai
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1334-1334.
• Abstract ( 1379 ) HTML ( 809 ) PDF (74KB) ( 809 ) 　　　
• ‘Yuyuan Kaixuan’ is a new medium maturity hybrid. It has 105 days of the whole growth period and 33 days of fruit developing period. The hybrid has ovalshaped fruits with fruit index 1.43, green stripe skin and high tolerance to store and transport. Its red fresh with 12.44% central soluble solid content has best tasting, excellent quality and superior commercial character. An average watermelon weighs 7-8 kg and the average output is 60 000 kg/hm².The seed is rough and brown and the 1 000-grain weight 68 g.
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• A New Ornamental Peach Cultivar ‘Ziqi’
• SHEN Xiang;MAO Zhi-quan;HU Yan-li;WANG Li-qin;CHEN Xue-sen;SHU Huai-rui;LI Xiao-lei
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1336-1336.
• Abstract ( 1509 ) HTML ( 971 ) PDF (335KB) ( 971 ) 　　　
• 'Ziqi’ is a new ornamental peach cultivar derived from the seeds of open-pollinated‘Ziye’, and the seeds were irradiated by γray. The tree is quite vigorous.The leaf is red purple,the flower is bright pink, and the florescence is earlier and longer than its female parent. The flower, the leaf, and the fruit have a high well ornamental value.
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• Landscape Cultivar ‘Golden Chain Tree’
• YIN Yan-lei;YUAN Zhao-he;ZHU Li-qin;LI Yun
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1337-1337.
• Abstract ( 1220 ) HTML ( 938 ) PDF (81KB) ( 938 ) 　　　
• Golden Chain Tree is a new landscape tree introduced from Canada by scientists in Shandong Institute of Pomology in 2000The characteristic is that the florescence is long, and there are numerous of golden flowers in one tree. This variety is good for roadway and dooryard plant.
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• A New Cultivar of Lilium Oriental Hybrid ‘Yahe’
• ZHENG Si-xiang;;HUANG Jing;ZHAO Yan;GUAN Wen-ling;WU Hong-zhi;ZHANG Hai-long;WU Fu-chuan;LIU Wu-lin 
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1338-1338.
• Abstract ( 1730 ) HTML ( 1034 ) PDF (370KB) ( 1034 ) 　　　
• The new cultivar of Lilium oriental hybrid‘Yahe’is obtained by a patent technique(a method of triploid production from liliy). The average flower diameter is 1869 cm.The color is pink,the spot on the petal is small and very few.The field trials of three years show that the cultivar is stable,and distinguish with its parents in major characteristics.It has a strong adaptability to cold,and easy propagation,the new cultivar is good for cutflower.
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• Two New Cultivars ‘Linlong 2’ and ‘Linlong3’ of Dianthus
• SUN Qiang;LIN Da-wei
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1339-1339.
• Abstract ( 1406 ) HTML ( 874 ) PDF (78KB) ( 874 ) 　　　
• Two new hybrids of Dianthus，‘Linlong 2’ and ‘Linlong 3’, are selected from hybrid population of Dianthus caryophyllus. The two new cultivars are characterized by large and fragrant flowers，long flowering season，strong adaptability to desert and easy propagation. Both two cultivars are good ornamental plants for cut flower.
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• Gynostemma New Cultivar ‘En Qiye Tian’
• LIU Jin-long;ZHENG Xiao-jiang;ZHAO Ling;WANG Ping;ZHANG Xing-xi;ZHANG Sheng-hui
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2007, 34(5): 1340-1340.
• Abstract ( 1749 ) HTML ( 1041 ) PDF (77KB) ( 1041 ) 　　　
• The new cultivar ‘En Qiye Tian’ of Gynostemma was developed by using No.1937 as female parent and No.592 as male parent in 1999.The taste of the whole plant is sweet, the content of its active ingredients and yield are significantly higher than that of the original variant. The shortcomings of very bitter taste and inducing cold injury on stomach of the original variant are improved. So it has a potential value in pharmaceutical industry.
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