果树

• Identification of 20 S-genotypes and cloning novel S-RNases in Pyrus
• HENG Wei;ZHANG Shao-ling﹡;FANG Cheng-quan;WU Hua-qing;and WU Jun
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(3): 313-318.
• Abstract ( 2200 ) HTML ( 1458 ) PDF (463KB) ( 1458 ) 　　　
• To identify S-genotypes of pear cultivars or a few types of wild species native to China，S-RNase specific PCRs were used. After cloning and sequencing of PCR products , the S-genotypes of 20 pear cultivars or wild species individuals were determined. Subsequent sequence analysis showed that 'Aolian' (S_pS₃₂) from Pyrus. sinkiangensis Yü, 'Diaodan'(S_dS_e) from P. phaeocarpa Rehd, 'Shageda'(S₃₆S_d) from P. xerophila Yü and one type of Xingyeli(S₂₂S_c) originated from China shared some S-RNases with species from P. communis , which provided with evidence that S-RNase alleles occurred before the divergence of oriental and occidental pear. Two novel S-RNases were also discovered in 'Maili' and 'Neimenggushanli' in P. ussuriensis, and deposited as S40-, S41-RNase under the accession numbers of DQ903313 and DQ988687, respectively, whose deduced amino acid sequences showed high similarities to S₁₁-RNase(100% ) and S₆-RNase (94.4%) in Malus, respectively. The high similar score between S-RNase in Pyrus and Malus indicated that S-RNase existence predated the speciation between Pyrus and Malus.
  
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• Population Genetic Structure in Apricot (Armeniaca Mill.) Revealed by Fluorescent-AFLP Markers
• YUAN Zhao-he;CHEN Xue-sen;ZHANG Chun-yu;HE Tian-ming;FENG Jian-rong;and FENG Tao
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(3): 319-328.
• Abstract ( 2582 ) HTML ( 1913 ) PDF (847KB) ( 1913 ) 　　　

• Population genetic structure was studied using fluorescent-AFLP markers on 45 apricot (Armeniaca Mill.) accessions collected from the Dzhungar-Zailij group, Xinjiang cultivated apricot sub-group and Liguang apricot sub-group in the Central Asian group, the European group, and the Northern China group. A. mume, A. sibirica, and A.mandshurica were used as outgroup of fluorescent-AFLP markers. The purpose of this study was to determine the genetic structure and genotypic diversity amongst the different eco-geographical populations. The results showed that the average number of polymorphic loci (A) was 130.86, the percentage of polymorphic loci (P) was 60.58% by 7 pairs of EcoRI/MseI (Mse I-a FAM fluorescent marked primer) primers in common apricot of four groups. Analysis for the average number of polymorphic loci (A) and the percentage of polymorphic loci (P) in four common apricot groups indicated that the Dzhungar-Zailij group (P = 43.59%)＞ the Xinjiang cultivated apricot sub-group in the Central Asian group (P = 41.27%)＞ the Northern China group (P = 39.42%)＞ the European group (P = 39.42%) ＞ the Liguang apricot sub-group in the Central Asian group (P = 37.57%). Nei's gene diversity (H = 0.143) and Shannon information index (I = 0.226) at species level were higher than ones at group level with significant or highly significant differences. At group level, Nei's gene diversity and Shannon information index (H = 0.131; I = 0.202) in the Dzhungar-Zailij group were higher than that in the Xinjiang cultivated apricot sub-group in the Central Asian group (H = 0.127; I = 0.195), or in the European group (H = 0.124; I = 0.189), or in the Northern China group (H = 0.116; I = 0.180) with no significant differences, respectively, but were significant higher than that in the Liguang apricot sub-group in the Central Asian group (H = 0.113; I = 0.173). Genetic differentiation coefficient (G_ST = 0.147) for four apricot groups showed that apricot genetic variation was mainly within the groups and accounted for 85.3% of total variations. The gene flow N_m = 2.901, according to the genetic differentiation coefficient between groups (G_ST = 0.147), indicated that there were partly gene exchanges among four apricot groups. Occasional seedling introduced by human beings could be the main way of gene exchanges and geographical barriers could be the main factor of hindering gene exchanges. The analysis of genetic diversity and genetic structure from four geo-ecological groups suggested that common apricot originated in the Dzhungar-Zailij geo-ecological group, then diffused to central Asia and formed cultivated apricot center in central Asia by domestication. It was further disseminated by human introduction to the East forming the Northern China group, and to the West forming the European group.
  

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• Development of Fingerprinting Key and Analysis of Genetic Diversity with SSR Marker for Sweet Cherry Cultivars
• ZHANG Qi-jing;;ZHANG Xin-zhong;DA IHong-yan;GU Da-jun;YAN Gui-jun;L I Chun-min;and ZHANG Zhi-hong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(3): 329-336.
• Abstract ( 1692 ) HTML ( 1184 ) PDF (700KB) ( 1184 ) 　　　

• SSR technique was used to develop fingerprinting key and study the genetic diversity on sweet cherry. Eighteen pairs of primers cloned from cherry, peach and apricot amplified a total of 83 alleles among the 19 cultivars of sweet cherry ( Prunus avium ) and 2 cultivars of ground cherry ( P. fruticosa). The number of alleles amplified per primer pair ranged from 2 to 8, with a mean of 416. The polymorphic information content values ( PIC) ranged from 0.38 to 0.80, with a mean of 0.64. Seven sweet cherry cultivars showed unique bands or banding patterns. A fingerp rinting key developed by 4 pairs of p rimers: UDP98-414, UDP98-406, UDP96-001 and PMS40 could discriminate 18 sweet cherry cultivars. UPGMA cluster analysis of genetic distance separated the 19 cultivars of sweet cherry into two group s. The phylogeny of sweet cherry cultivars revealed the closed relationships among cultivars tested.

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• Molecular Cloning of Lipoxygenase Gene Family Members in Kiwifruit Based on EST Database
• ZHANG Bo;LI Xian;and CHEN Kun-song
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(3): 337-342.
• Abstract ( 1609 ) HTML ( 1660 ) PDF (742KB) ( 1660 ) 　　　
• From Actinidia EST database, six LOX were cloned from kiwifruit flesh tissue, i.e. AdLox1-6. AdLox1, AdLox2, AdLox3 and AdLox4 contained full-length cDNAs with 2 739, 2 595, 2 739 and 2 709 bp, respectively, AdLox5 and AdLox6 were cDNA fragments of 1 359 and 1 557 bp. Among the six kiwifruit LOX genes, AdLox5 and AdLox6 had the highest amino acid sequence identity, which was 74%, while AdLox3 and AdLox5 produced the lowest amino acid sequence identity, which was 49%. Phylogenetic analysis showed that AdLox2, AdLox5 clustered as 92LOX, AdLox1, AdLox3, AdLox4 and AdLox6 clustered as 132LOX. There was a signal peptide sequence of 60 amino acids in allmembers of the 132LOX group, but no similar sequence in the 92LOX genes. AdLox1 was most similar to tomato TomLoxD at 80% identity at the amino acid level, AdLox2 and AdLox5 matched to TomLoxA with 68 and 75% identity, respectively, and AdLox4 and AdLox6 showed 62% and 63% sequence identity to TomLoxC, AdLox3 had less than 55% identity to LOX genes from tomato.
  
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• Chromosome Numbers and Karyotypes of 10 Wild Bramble ( Rubus L . ) Spec ies from Southwest of China
• WANG Xiao-rong;TANG Hao-ru;FU Hua-qing;LUO Ya;DENGQun-xian;DONG Xiao-li;LI Ling;and DUAN Juan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(3): 343-350.
• Abstract ( 1739 ) HTML ( 1168 ) PDF (798KB) ( 1168 ) 　　　
• Chromosome numbers and karyotypes of 10 wild bramble (Rubus L. ) species ( varieties) from Southwest of China had been studied by using common root-tip squashing method. The results showed that they were all diploidy with 2n = 2x = 14, but R. buergeri with 2n = 8x = 56, R. lambertianus var. glaber,
  R. multibracteatus and R. setchuenensis with 2n = 4x = 28, and R. parvifolius with aploidy series of 2n = 2x = 14, 2n = 3x = 21 and the mixoploid of 2n = 4x = 28 and 2n = 2x = 14. The results showed also that all the karyotypes belonged to “1A”type, but“2A”type in R. ellipticus var. obcordatus, their karyotype formulae were as follows: R. niveus, 2n = 2x = 14 = 14m; R. ellipticus var. obcordatus, 2n = 2x = 14 = 12m (2SAT) + 2 sm (2SAT) ; R. parvifolius, 2n = 2x = 14 = 14m (2SAT) , 2n = 3x = 21 = 21m (3SAT) , 2n = 4x = 28 = 24m + 4 sm (4SAT) and 2n = 2x = 14 = 12m + 2 sm (2SAT) ; R. am abilis, 2n = 2x = 14 = 12m ( 2SAT) + 2 sm; R. coreanus, 2n = 2x = 14 = 14m (2SAT) and 2n = 2x = 14 = 14m; R. corchorifolius, 2n = 2x = 14 = 14m; R. lambertianus var. glaber, 2n = 4x = 28 = 24m + 4 sm; R. multibracteatus, 2n = 4x = 28 = 24m + 4 sm; R.setchuenensis, 2n = 4x = 28 = 28m; R. buergeri, 2n = 8x = 56 = 56m. Among them, it was reported firstly that the chromosome numbers of two species R. ellipticus var. obcordatus and R. amabilis, the mixoploid forms of 2x and 4x in R. parvifolius and karyotypes of the 8 species R. niveus, R. ellipticus var. obcordatus, R. amabilis, R. corchorifolius, R. lambertianus var. glaber, R. multibracteatus, R. setchuenensis and R. buergeri.
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蔬菜

• Evaluation of Salt Tolerance of Pepper Cultivars by Multiple Statistics Analysis
• LI Xiao-fen;SHANG Qing-mao;ZHANG Zhi-gang;WANG Li-hao;and ZHANG Bao-xi
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(3): 351-356.
• Abstract ( 2219 ) HTML ( 1908 ) PDF (322KB) ( 1908 ) 　　　

• This paper was conducted to evaluate the salt tolerance of pepper cultivars by multiple statistics analysis according to agronomic character indexes at seed germination and seedling stage. The twelve character indexes from different pepper cultivars, such as relative trend of germination, relative radicle length, relative germination index, salt injury index and relative plant height etc. showed significant difference by using multiple variance analysis. Factor analysis indicated the twelve character indexes could be synthesized into four main factors, keeping 95.35% of information of primitive variables. Based on the score vectors of the factors, ten cultivars were classified into three categories by using cluster analysis. Zhongjiao No.4, No.8, No.7 and No.12 were salt sensitive cultivars, whereas Zhongjiao No.5 and No.11 were moderately salt sensitive cultivars, but Zhongjiao No.6, No.13, No.16 and No.10 were salt tolerant cultivars. These results indicated the multiple statistics analysis could be used to early evaluate the salt tolerance of pepper cultivars by investigation of agronomic character indexes at seed germination and seedling stage.
  

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• Influence of Rotation on Continuous Cropping Soil Environment and Cucumber Yield
• WU Yan-fei;ZHANG Xue-yan;LI Yuan;WEI Wen-jie;and GAO Li-hong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(3): 357-362.
• Abstract ( 2269 ) HTML ( 2026 ) PDF (514KB) ( 2026 ) 　　　
• In order to evaluate the restoration effect of cropping systems on continuous cropping soil, treatments of nitrogen-catching crop, rotation, and intercrop were adapted to study soil fertility and microbial indexes of the soil from an 8-year continuous cropping field using pot experiments. Fallow was used as a control (CK). Cucumber yield were recorded. By planting garlic and leafy vegetable, soil salt were significantly reduced, number of soil microbe increased, and the reproduction of Fusarium was inhibited. Income from leafy vegetable-cucumber-tomato treatment increased by 26.3% and that from garlic-cucumber-cucumber increased by 11.6%, while income from treatment of cucumber intercropping garlic was almost the same as that from CK. Therefore, the treatment of leafy vegetable-cucumber-tomato or the treatment of garlic-cucumber-cucumber could improve composition of soil microbe, restore continuous cropping soil, and increase income.
  
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• Screening of Incompatible Isolate of Cladosporium cucumernium with Heat-resistance and Its Inducing Disease-resistance in Cucumber
• Li bao-ju;LIU Xue-min;PENG Xia-wei;SHI Yan-xia;and PENG Ren
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(3): 363-370.
• Abstract ( 1628 ) HTML ( 1098 ) PDF (593KB) ( 1098 ) 　　　
• The incompatible isolates of Cladosporium cucumernium with heat-resisting and low pathogenisity was obtained by high temperature treatments. It was showed that the low pathogenicity of C. cucumernium is stability. The heat-resistance isolates of C. cucumernium could induce cucumber scab resistance, and the induced resistance ability could inheritance, however there was a lag stage in the induced resistance expression. The induced resistance effect increased with the increase of induced inoculum concentration, and challenge inoculum concentration increased, induced effect reduced.
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• Cloning and Analysis of Resistance-related Genes for Downy Mildew in cucumber
• LI Jin-xin;QIN Zhi-wei;DING Guo-hua;;and ZHOU Xiu-yan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(3): 371-376.
• Abstract ( 1696 ) HTML ( 1145 ) PDF (499KB) ( 1145 ) 　　　
• Differential display reverse transcriptase PCR (DDRT - PCR) method was used to explore thedifferential gene expression in cucumber resistant cultivar‘Dongnong 129’before and after inoculated with Pseudoperonospora cubensis. Four special expressed cDNA segmentswere obtained in the inoculated cucumber leaves, which were named as 49-2, 50-5, 50-7 and 52-14. BLAST analysis revealed that the nucleotide sequence of 50-7 was homologous partly to the lipoxygenase-9 in cucumber, and the others were the unknown sequences of novel genes. Further analysis on expression showed that the 4 fragments were closely related with the infection of P. cubensis. The fragment of 49-2 expressed intensely during the total time of infection; the fragment of 50-5 also had a close relationship with pathogen infection and its expression was delayed than that of 49-2; the fragments of 50-7 and 52-14 only expressed at 24 h after inoculation, which showed the special
  relation with the pathogen inoculation. This study provided some useful information for further understanding of the mechanism of resistance to downy mildew in cucumber and isolating the resistance gene for application of molecular breeding.
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• Genome Dosage Effect on Three Kinds of Isozyme Expression Patterns in Cucumis
• LUO Xiang-dong;;DAI Liang-fang;;QIAN Chun-tao;LOU Qun-feng;and CHEN Jin-feng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(3): 377-382.
• Abstract ( 2079 ) HTML ( 1335 ) PDF (506KB) ( 1335 ) 　　　

• Three alloploids with different ploidies from interspecific hybridization in Cucumis [interspecific hybrids F1 (2n = 2x = 19, HC), allotriploid (2n = 3x = 26，HCC), and allotetraploid C. hytivus (2n = 4x = 38，HHCC)] and their parents were used for the comparative studies on expression pattern of peroxidase (POD), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and aspartate aminotransferase (AAT). The results showed that the zymograms in the alloploids were similar in band number and band distribution. The intensity of band in these allopolyploids, however, presents significant difference, which was caused by genome dosage. In AAT zymogram, the intensity of band was positively correlated with ploidy level. In POD and GDH zymogram, however, the intensity of band was negatively correlated with ploidy level. It was indicated that the coherence between genome dosage and isozyme expression pattern would be opposite in different enzyme systems. These data will be helpful to illuminate the morphological changes caused by the polyploid level.
  

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观赏植物

• Analysis of Flower Character Variation of Chimonanthus praecox in China
• ZHAO Bing;and ZHANG Qi-Xiang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(3): 383-388.
• Abstract ( 1569 ) HTML ( 1089 ) PDF (699KB) ( 1089 ) 　　　
• The flower variation of 10 winter-sweet populations was analyzed on the basis of the on-the-spot investigations. The results showed that there was a significant difference on the winter-sweet qualitative and quantitive characters among populations and among individualswithin populations. The correlation analysis between the flower character of winter-sweet and geography ecological factors showed that the correlation between them is not significant exceptaltitude, but the perianth number and the middle-perianth number present a distinct negative correlation with altitude.
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• Pollen Morphology of Some Species of Impatiens L . ( Balsaminaceae)
• CAI Xiu-zhen;LIU Ke-ming;ZHU Xiao-wen;and TIAN Shu-zhen
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(3): 389-394.
• Abstract ( 2033 ) HTML ( 1721 ) PDF (671KB) ( 1721 ) 　　　
• In the present study, the pollen morphology of ten species of Impatiens L. in China was observed under the scanning electron microscope ( SEM). In these species, the pollen grains are goniotreme, zygomorphic, 4-colpate, reticulate exine ornamentation. The size of pollen grains is 25.1 - 42.1μm ×151.0 -
  311.2μm. According to the shape difference, pollen grains are distinctly divided into three types, i1e. suborbicular type, elliptic type and rectangular type. The length of polar axis, equarorial axis, width of apertures and sp ine, and the shape of pollen are different to some extent among these different species. There is an interrelationship between the pollen morphology and some morphological characteristics, showing the important taxonomic significance. From the point of the aperture of pollen grains, compared with Hydrocera Bl. , which is 3-colpate, Impatiens L. can be regarded as an evolutional genuswithin Balsaminaceae.
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• Relation sh ip Between Morphology and Hormones Dur ing Weeping Peach ( Prunus persica var. pendula ) Shoot Development
• SHEN Xiang;LI Ya-meng;KANG Luan;ZOU Yan-mei;and SHU Huai-rui
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(3): 395-402.
• Abstract ( 1674 ) HTML ( 1260 ) PDF (795KB) ( 1260 ) 　　　
• Morphological and hormonal changes during the shoot development of weeping peach ( Prunus persica var. pendula) were studied. The basal crotch and extended angles of shoots for the weeping form were 51.7°and 92.9°,respectively; as compared to 52.5°and 52.0°for the standard peach. This shows that the shoots of the two peaches started growth in similar angles, but the branches of the weeping form wept down as shoots get longer. The roots of weeping peach also grew downward with a crotch angle of 42.5°, compared to 78.3°for the standard form. When weeping peach trees were placed up side down, the braches also grew down to the earth, indicating that the growth direction is dictated by gravity. The lignin content in the standard form is higher than in the weep ing form which has much more lignin in the upper shoot than in the lower part. This suggests that the mechanical tissue of weeping peach hasweaker support ability for its branches. Similar to the
  lignin distribution, GA₃ content measured by ELISA increased from the base to the tip of a weep ing branch where the gibberellins content is higher than the tip of a standard branch. This may result in that the tips of weeping branches grow faster than the development of second xylem, so the branches can't support their weight and weep downward. Treatment of braches ofweep ing peach by GA₃ changed the GA₃ content and distribution,increased IAA /GA₃ and CTK/GA₃ ratio, and promoted the cell division and development of xylem in branches, resulting in up right growth.
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• Pseudobulbils Induction，Somatic Embryogenesis and Shoot Regeneration in Rosa multiflora Thunb.
• TIAN Chuan-wei;SHANG Ai-qin;ZHANG Jian-fu;GUO Yan-chao;LIANG Jian-li;and ZHAO Liang-jun
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(3): 403-408.
• Abstract ( 2723 ) HTML ( 1719 ) PDF (796KB) ( 1719 ) 　　　

• A protocol for the induction of somatic embryogenesis via pseudobulbils from mature seeds of Rosa multiflora 'inermis 3' was established. The results showed that the primary pseudobulbils were obtained by using a two-stage procedure where excised seed cotyledons were incubated 30 days on the 1/2 Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2, 4-D at 0.5~2 mg·L^-1 under the dark conditions for calli induction, and subsequently transferred to a 1/2 MS medium supplemented with TDZ at 5~20 mg·L^-1 under the light conditions for 20 days for pseudobulbils induction. The pseudobulbils were incubated 20 days on the induction medium supplemented with TDZ at 10 mg·L^-1 under the dark conditions and then transferred to the hormone-free medium supplemented with maltose instead of sucrose under light conditions for the secondary pseudobulbils and embryogenic calli induction. The pseudobulbils were maintained on the induction medium. The embryogenic calli developed into normal somatic embryos then plantlets. By this way, the pseudobulbils have been maintained for two years by far.
  

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• Establishment of Genetic Transformation System of Euonymus japonicus 'Cu zhi' Mediated by Agrobacterim tumefaciens
• SHANG Ai-qin;TIAN Chuan-wei;ZHAO Liang-jun;and TIAN Ying-chuan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(3): 409-414.
• Abstract ( 1941 ) HTML ( 1825 ) PDF (591KB) ( 1825 ) 　　　

• In order to provide genetically improved new germplasm resources and achieve the GNA transgenic plants of Euonymus japonicus 'Cu zhi', genetic transformation system was established based on the system of regeneration. Several factors affected genetic transformation of Euonymus japonicus 'Cu zhi' mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens (LBA4404) were studied. The results showed that preculture or not, bacterial concentrateions, the time of infection and co-cultivation had some effect on transformation frequency. The highest transformation frequency was obtained through the following transformation procedure after preculture for 0 d, the explants were infected for 40 min with the concentration of Agrobacterium tumefaciens OD600=0.6 , and then co-cultivated for 3 d. The PCR and PCR-Southern blotting analysis showed the snowdrop lection gene gene was integrated into the genome of Euonymus japonicus 'Cu zhi'. The system of genetic transformation of Euonymus japonicus 'Cu zhi' could provide new germplasm resource used in genetic improvement of Euonymus japonicus 'Cu zhi' and the other plants of Euonymus.
  
  

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研究简报

• Cryopreservation of Shoot Tips from Prunus
• ZHAO Yan-hua;WU Ya-qin;CHENG He-he;LI Chun-min;CHEN Xiao-ling and LU Xin-xiong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(3): 423-426.
• Abstract ( 2282 ) HTML ( 1553 ) PDF (470KB) ( 1553 ) 　　　
• The current paper studied factors that effect the cryopreservation of Prunus salicina Lindl in-vitro shoot tips. By using simple vitrification technique,factors like, culture time, PVS3 treatment time and cold hardening were all tested ,the rapid examination method of shoot tips survival was studied,and a sample procedure was established at last.When shoot tips were excised from healthy in vitro plants of prunus cultivars,that have been subcultured for 120d and followed by 5 ℃ cold hardening for 21d ,and precultured with 0.7 mol.L-1 sucrose for 2d, treated with PVS3 for 100 min before direct plunging into liquid nitrogen,the survival after cryopreservation was higher than 60.0%.
  
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• Effects of Salicylic Acid During Growth on Mango Fruit Quality and Disease
• ZENG Kai-fang;and JIANG Wei-bo
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(3): 427-432.
• Abstract ( 2365 ) HTML ( 1551 ) PDF (566KB) ( 1551 ) 　　　
• An experiment was carried out with the fruit of Zihua Mango cultivar（Mangifera indica L.）. The fruits were sprayed with 1 mmol·L-1, 0.1 mmol·L^-1 salicylic acid (SA) and water (control) during fruit growth, respectively, and then stored at 13℃, 85%-95% RH after harvest. Changes in peel color, flesh firmness, fruit respiration rate, and fruit disease incidence were invested during storage. The results showed that, as compared with control fruit, in 0.1 mmol·L^-1 SA treated fruits, peel degreening slightly retarded, respiration rate inhibited, and increasing of natural or inoculated disease incidence significantly inhibited as well. However, compared with 0.1 mmol·L^-1 SA treated fruits, in 1 mmol·L^-1 SA treated fruits, adverse effect was found in fruit ripening in this experiment.
  
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• Analysis of Aroma Components in Five Strawberry Cultivars
• ZHANG Yun-tao;;WANG Gui-xia;DONG Jing;CUI Feng-zhi;XU Xue-feng;and HAN Zhen-hai
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(3): 433-437.
• Abstract ( 1975 ) HTML ( 3360 ) PDF (230KB) ( 3360 ) 　　　
• The head space-solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry was applied to analyse aroma composition of five strawberry cultivars (Benihoppe, Tochiotome, Akihime, Sweet Charlie and Camarosa). The results indicated 40.0% - 62.5% esters components exited in volatile components in these five cultivars. The aroma properties in Benihoppe depend on linalool, nerolidol, 1-octanol,butanoic acid methyl ester, ethyl ester, hexanoic acid methyl ester and ethyl ester; The aroma properties in Tochiotome depend on linalool, nerolidol, 2 ( 3H) 2furanone and dihydro252octyl; The aroma properties in Akihime depend on linalool, 1-octanol, butanoic acid methyl ester, ethyl ester, hexanoic acid methyl ester,ethyl ester, octanoic acid methyl ester, ethyl ester, 3 (2H) 2furanone, 4-methoxy-2, 5-dimethyl and 2-Hexe-nal. High concentration of similar octyl esters components including butanoic acid octyl ester, acetic acid octyl ester and hexanoic acid octyl ester were found in both Sweet Charlie (15.26% ) and Camarosa (22.49% ) ,which were not detected in three Japanese cultivars. Compared with Sweet Charlie, the concentration of nerolidol, 1-octanol and furanone is very low in Camarosa, which probably leads to weak flavor in Camarosa.
  
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• Development Process of Male Gametophyte in Autotetraploid Broccoli
• WAN Shuang-fen;;ZHANG Shu-ning;ZHANGWei;ZHANG Hong-mei;and HOU Xi-lin
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(3): 438-442.
• Abstract ( 1948 ) HTML ( 209 ) PDF (0KB) ( 209 ) 　　　
• This paper first reported the dynamic development of male gametophyte in autotetraploid broccoli using Ehrlichps hematoxylin staining-methyl salicylate clearing technique. Results showed that the male gametophyte in autotetraploid broccoli shared the similar development with that in diploid broccoli, which could give rise to one vegetative cell and one generative cell by one miotic division, while the generative cell could divide into two sperms by the othermiotic division and the mature pollen was 3-celled with four or three apertures. Abnormality appeared mainly in uninuclete stage of male gametophyte development with an average frequency of 12.14%.
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• Polyploid Induction of coloured Zantedeschia aethiopica
• Wu Hong-zhi;Zhang Xi-qing;Zheng Si-xiang;Shi Jing-feng and Bi Yu-fen
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(3): 443-446.
• Abstract ( 2103 ) HTML ( 1892 ) PDF (617KB) ( 1892 ) 　　　

• Zantedeschia Aethiopia was treated with colchicines at different concentration and time duration in vitro. The results showed: the best effect was obtained by the treatment of 0.05﹪ colchicines with 24 hours, and its induction rate was 52%. Chromosome observation found that the chromosome number of treated plants was 64, and the chromosome number of the control was 32, indicating the tetraploid (2n =4x=64) of coloured Zantedeschia aethiopica is induced successfully.

  
  
  

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问题与讨论

• Recent Development of Organic Farming in the World and the Development Strategy of Organic Horticulture in China
• YANG Hong-qiang;and JIE Yu-ling
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(3): 447-454.
• Abstract ( 1736 ) HTML ( 2241 ) PDF (437KB) ( 2241 ) 　　　

• The world organic agriculture develops rapidly after entering to the 21st century. At present, China has become the third great country of organic farming area in the world. The organic horticulture, as an import part of the organic agriculture, is one new mode of horticultural production. There are the exceptional advantages and potential of labor force, plant resources, geographic condition, agricultural technology and thought in China to develop organic horticulture. In order to promote the development of organic horticulture, it is necessary to strengthen the support from government and to strengthen the research of theory and technology of organic agriculture. It is necessary to discover the hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) in horticultural production and establish the good agricultural practices (GAP) according with the principle of organic agriculture for horticulture in China. The development of general production for organic horticulture needs to be guided by GAP and led by theories and principle of ecology.
  

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• Analysis of Accepted and Funded General，Young Scientists' and Regional Programs in Horticulture of NSFC During the Lastest Five Years
• YANG Xin-quan;XIAO Ying-hui;and LUO Jing
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(3): 455-460.
• Abstract ( 1986 ) HTML ( 1512 ) PDF (311KB) ( 1512 ) 　　　
• Statistical analysis was carried out on general programs accepted and funded in horticulture subject of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) during the lastest five years. The proportions of the accepted and funded projects in horticulture to those of the agriculture，the research branches’ distribution，the type of the projects and the organization characteristics were analyzed in this paper. Whereas, the adjustment of the research branches’ distribution in horticulture was introduced, so as to let the applicants understand in detail about the applying and supporting information of the horticultural subject.
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新品种

• A New Pear Cultivar 'Jinbali'
• MENG Yu-ping;CAO Qiu-fen;YANG Cheng-jian;and WEI Fei-li
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(3): 461-461.
• Abstract ( 2096 ) HTML ( 1449 ) PDF (92KB) ( 1449 ) 　　　
• 'Jinbali',a new pear variety, was selected from seedlings of 'Bartlett', which were irradiated by ⁶⁰Co during the course of germinating. Its fruit is bigger, average fruit mass is 385 g and the shape seems gourd. Fruit skin is green-yellow, and flesh is white, soft, succulent, easy soluble, sweet-scented, and soluble solids content is 14.2%, and malic acid content is 0.11%. Fruit quality is excellent. The optimum harvesting time is in the last ten-day of August in the middle part of Shanxi province.
  
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• A New Citrus Cultivar ‘Yueying Tianju’
• ZHONG Yun;PENG Cheng-ji;LIU Yan;YI Gan-jun;MENG Xiang-chun;LIN Run-cai;GAN Lian-sheng;ZENG J i-wu;JIANG Nong-hui;and WU Ji-min
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(3): 462-462.
• Abstract ( 1658 ) HTML ( 1041 ) PDF (93KB) ( 1041 ) 　　　
• ‘Yueying Tianju’ is a new citrus cultivar selected from a natural hybrid. The multiple spot regional trials and tests showed that it has excellent characteristics such as early and high yield, good-resistance, high and stable yield. The fruit is sweet, soft, abundant juice, little residue, and good quality with honey taste and nacarat appearance. The soluble solid content is 13.8%.
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• A New Large-size Litchi Cultivar‘Gui Nuo’
• ZHU Jian-hua﹡;PENG Hong-Xiang;SU Wei-qiang;LIU Ye-qiang;and LI Guang-wang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(3): 463-463.
• Abstract ( 2575 ) HTML ( 1271 ) PDF (91KB) ( 1271 ) 　　　
• ‘Gui Nuo’is a new litchi cultivar which was selected from Litchi Seedling in Guangxi.It has good characteristics such as large fruit,good quality and high yield, The flesh is crisp, the average quality of simple fruit is 37.02 g,the esculent rate is 73.36%,and the soluble solids content is 18.55%.
  
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• A New Walnut Cultivar ‘Jinboxiang 3’
• TIAN J ian-bao;WANG Yong;SHAO Kai-ji;CHENG En-ming;CHEN Qiu-fang;HAN Yu-hu;and HAN Feng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(3): 464-464.
• Abstract ( 1792 ) HTML ( 935 ) PDF (92KB) ( 935 ) 　　　
• ‘Jinboxiang 3’is one of the new series of‘J inboxiang’ selected and bred from the Xinjiang walnut for over 20 years. The nut is round, smooth surface and light color. The nut is full and plump, with a membrane of diaphragm, a light yellow inner layer, ivory-white kernel, crispy flesh, pleasing fragrance, and
  excellent quality. In addition, it has a good p roductivity, high resistant to cold and disease.
  
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• A High-quality and Hot-resistant Bitter Gourd Cultivar ‘Fenglü’
• ZHANG Chang-yuan;LUO Jian-ning;LUO Shao-bo;ZHENG Xiao-ming;and HE Xiao-li
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(3): 465-465.
• Abstract ( 1421 ) HTML ( 967 ) PDF (377KB) ( 967 ) 　　　
• ‘Fenglü’ is a new middle-ripening bitter gourd cultivar suited for planting in summer and autumn. It grows vigorously. The shape of fruit is long conicform, with light green skin, 28 - 32 cm in length, 7 - 8 cm in diameter, the average fruit mass is about 500 - 600 g. The average yield is 60 - 75 t·hm^{- 2}. It is tolerant to hot and water logging, moderately resistant to powdery mildew. The vitamin C of a hundred fresh mass is 157 mg, soluble solids is 21.8 g, crude protein is 0.62 g, and crude fiber is 0.5 g.
  
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• A New Cut Flower Gerbera Cultivar‘Liangfen’with Resistance to Phytophthora cryptogea
• LI Shenchong;LI Jin-ze;WU Li-fang;JIANG Ya-lian;CAO-Hua;and LI Han;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(3): 466-466.
• Abstract ( 1893 ) HTML ( 980 ) PDF (377KB) ( 980 ) 　　　
• ‘L iangfen’was developed by crossing between female ‘Aruba’and male ‘True Love’. It belongs to wide-petal standard cut flower cultivar with pink petal, blank centre, semi-double. The diameter of flower head is about 10 - 12 cm, the peduncle length is 50 - 55 cm, the vase life can last 12 - 15 days. The
  annual yield is about 30 - 35 stems per plant. It is highly resistant to Phytophthora cryptogea and is suitable for protected cultivation.
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