果树

• Cloning and Expression Analysis of APETALA2 Gene from Poncirus trifoliata Based on EST Database
• SONG Chang-nian;FANG Jing-gui;WANG Chen;SHANGGUAN Lin-fei;and ZHANG Zhen
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(6): 799-806.
• Abstract ( 1907 ) HTML ( 1666 ) PDF (929KB) ( 1666 ) 　　　
• Based on the relative conservation of plant homologous genes, a full full-length citrus homologue of APETALA2 was bioinformatically cloned by search of citrus EST database via Arabidopsis thaliana corresponding sequence. Accordingly, the 5'- and 3'-end sequences were obtained from cDNA of opening flower of Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. by RACE with two gene-specific primers designed on the basis of the citrus sequence. The 1,980 bp complete cDNA, designated as Pt-AP2, contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 1,539 nucleotides and 289 bp of 5' -untranslated region (UTR) and a 152 bp 3'-UTR. The sequence has been deposited in GenBank database with the accession number of EU883665. The deduced amino acid sequence of Pt-AP2 (512 residues) showed 59.1%, 59.7%, 63.8% identity with those of Malus domestica, Arabidopsis thaliana, Petunia hybrida, respectively. Pt-AP2 amino acid sequence contained a putative nuclear localization signal sequence (KKSR) and two highly conserved AP2 domains. The semi-quantitative RT-PCR and SYBR Green I Real-time qRT-PCR were employed to analyze the expression of Pt-AP2 in different organs, revealing similar expression profiles in leave, stem, root, flower, fruit, in which the flower and fruit exhibited the highest and the lowest expression, respectively.
  
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蔬菜

• Proteomic Analysis of R17 Cucumber Differentially Expressed ProteinsInduced by Powdery Mildew Fungus
• FAN Hai-yan;CHEN Jie;SHAO Mei-ni;XU Yu-feng;and ZHANG Chun-yu
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(6): 829-834.
• Abstract ( 1791 ) HTML ( 1641 ) PDF (529KB) ( 1641 ) 　　　
• Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis were employed to analyze the proteome from leaves of cucumber R17 at 24, 48 and 72 h, after inoculating Sphaerotheca fuliginea. The results showed that there were significant differences between inoculated plants and control in the 2-DE map. Seven different proteins of R17 seedling leaves with qualitative changes or relatively high abundance were identified by MALDI-TOF/ TOF searching NCBI, including a protein of putative phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, hypothetical protein g5bf, LHCⅡ type I chlorophyll a/b-binding protein, ferredoxin-NADP(H) oxidoreductase, putative XS domain containing protein, unconventional myosin XI and malate dehydrogenase. This study gives new insights into pathogen stress response in cucumber leaves and demonstrates the power of the proteomic approach in plant biology studies.
  
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研究简报

• In Vitro Culture and Plant Regeneration of Juglans regia L.
• FAN Jing;LIU Qing_-zhong;ZHANG Jun-lin;QIN L ing;CHEN Xin;and WANG Jin
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(6): 867-872.
• Abstract ( 2150 ) HTML ( 1726 ) PDF (386KB) ( 1726 ) 　　　
• A study was conducted on in vitro culture and plant regeneration of Juglans regia L. with the nodal segments or apical buds excised from the newly-grown shoots of the ten-year-old of five elites maternal plants. Results showed that the DKW supp lemented with 6-BA 110 mg·L^-1+ IBA 0.01 - 0.10 mg·L^-1
  and polyvinylpyrrolidone 2 g·L^-1 was optimal for segments breaking, five genotypes exhibited differences;While the DKW with 6-BA 1.0 mg·L^-1+ IBA 0.01 mg·L^-1+ 40 g·L^-1sucrose was op timal for the tube-shoot multip lication; The highest rooting frequencywas 41167% by using two step smethod. The plantlets with roots were transp lanted into the substrate containing peat and sand (1 ∶1) , At 20 - 30 ℃ for 20 days, with the survival 95% after 40 days’transplanting.
  
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• Allelopathy and Allelochemicals of Root Exudates in Hot Pepper
• GENG Guang-dong;ZHANG Su-qin;and CHENG Zhi-hui
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(6): 873-878.
• Abstract ( 2301 ) HTML ( 1953 ) PDF (401KB) ( 1953 ) 　　　
• The allelopathy and major allelochemicals in root exudates of hot pepper were studied by bioassay and GC-MS methods. The results showed that different components of root exudates of hot pepper had different allelopathy on lettuce. The allelopathy of aether soluble component was the highest, which was further separated and analyzed, and we found that 80％aether+20％ethyl acetate component held the highest allelopathy. Finally, the component of 80％aether+20％ethyl acetate was analyzed by GC-MS, and the main allelochemicals were identified as dibutyl phthalate, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl cyclohexyl ester, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl 2-methylpropyl ester, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester, diphenylamine, 4,4'-(1-methylethylidene)bis-phenol, 1-naphthalenamine, n-phenyl-, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, among which dibutyl phthalate held the highest level of chemical content.
  
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• Characteristics of Chlorophyll Metabolism and Chlorophyll Fluorescence in the Silvered Leaf of Summer Squash
• HAO Shu-qin;LIU Shi-qi;ZHANG Zi-kun;CUI Hui-ru;DUAN Ji-feng;and CHEN Qiang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(6): 879-884.
• Abstract ( 2377 ) HTML ( 212 ) PDF (0KB) ( 212 ) 　　　

• The characteristics of chlorophyll metabolism and change of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in the silvered leaves and leafstalks of summer squash induced by silverleaf whitefly (SLW) were studied. The content of Chlorophyll a+b (Chl.a+b) 、Chlorophyll a (Chl.a) and Chlorophyll b (Chl.b) in the silvered leaves and leafstalks decreased. The Chl.a/b in the slight and complete silvered leaves was higher than that in the control, but the Chl.a/b in the moderate silvered leaves was not significantly different. The Chl a/b in the leafstalks decreased. Chl.b was affected more seriously in leaves while the Chl.a compacted in the leafstalks. Chlorophylase (chlase) activity significantly increased with the increasing disease grade, so the ratio of chlorophyll degradation increased. Compared with the control treatment, the amount of precursors including Protoporphyrin IX (Proto IX), Magnesium protoporphyrin IX (Mg-Proto IX), Protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) of chlorophyll biosynthesis decreased with the increasing disease grade, while Uroporphyrinogen Ⅲ (Uro Ⅲ) was accumulated in silvered leaves and leafstalks. This suggested that chlorophyll biosynthesis was blocked at the step from Uro Ⅲ to Proto Ⅸ. The maximum efficiency of photosystomⅡ(PSⅡ) Photochemistry ((F_v/F_o)), potentially photochemical activity of PSII Fv/Fo, actual PSⅡefficiency (φPSⅡ), photochemical quenching coefficient (q_P) in the silvered leaves decreased, but non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) in the silvered leaves was reverse. The result showed that summer squash silverleaf disease destroyed the dynamic balance of chlorophyll biosynthesis and degradation. The ratio of chlorophyll biosynthesis decreased and the ratio of chlorophyll degradation increased, so the content of chlorophyll decreased. The change of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters showed that the PSⅡactivity of the silvered leaves was inhibited.
  
  

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• Cloning of Lily symptomless virus CP Gene and Construction of Its RNAi Vector
• XU Pin-san;YIN Ya-lei;and LI Yu-hua
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(6): 885-890.
• Abstract ( 1972 ) HTML ( 1992 ) PDF (430KB) ( 1992 ) 　　　
• A fragment of 876 bp of Lily symptomless virus (LSV) CP gene cDNA sequence was amp lified by reverse transcrip tion polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from the total RNA infected lily leaves. The Blast result showed that the sequence p resented a very high match with the LSV CP genes in the GenBank and its homology was 98%. The amino acid sequence was 98% homologus. Using Gateway technology, a entry clone vector (pDONR201) was constructed through the way of BP cloning and a RNA interference (RNAi) transformation vector (pH7GW IWG2) was constructed through the way of LR cloning. The RNAi vector was obtained and could be transformed into lily by Agrobacterium tum efaciens.
  
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• The Relationship Between Parameters of Electrical Impedance Spectroscopyand Some Physiological Parameters in Pinus bungeana Zucc. Needles DuringDehardening
• DONG Sheng-hao;ZHANG Gang;QUE Shu-peng;ZHU Liang;and JIN Xiu-mei
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(6): 891-897.
• Abstract ( 1735 ) HTML ( 1594 ) PDF (681KB) ( 1594 ) 　　　
• From March to May 2007, the electrical impedance spectroscopy ( EIS) was analyzed on one-year-old needles of Pinus bungeana Zucc. in a 9-year provenance field trial at the Nursery in Beijing MingTombs Forestry Center with provenances of Mangshan in Beijing, Xiaoyi in Shanxi and Liangdang in Gansu.
  The activities of superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) and peroxidase ( POD ) , the contents of malondialdehyde(MDA) , soluble proteins and proline, and dry weight percentage in needleswere tested with different provenances. The relations between parameters of the EIS and tested physiological parameters were analyzed. The results indicated that (1) during dehardening, EIS parameters β and specific extracellular resistance r_e in nonfrost-exposed needles correlated negatively with the content of proline; and there was a positive relation between the membrane time constant τ_mand the content of soluble protein; (2) Similar changing patterns were found between the specific intracellular resistance r_i and the content of MDA; Between the τ_mand the percentage of dry weight, and between r_e , β and soluble proteins in the early stage of dehardening; (3) The frost hardiness assessed by r_e and τ_m after artificial freezing treatment correlated to the content of proline.
  
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• Studies of the Floral Biology , Breeding Characters of Salvia miltiorrhiza
• SONG Zhen-qiao;WANG Jian-hua;WANG Hong-gang;ZHAO Fu-juan;and HAO Li-wu
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(6): 905-910.
• Abstract ( 2237 ) HTML ( 1761 ) PDF (466KB) ( 1761 ) 　　　
• Field observations and artificial pollination experimentswere conducted on the floral biology,pollination process and breeding characters of Salvia miltiorrhiza. The flowers were bisexual and never-ending,with fifty in a raceme. The blossom of a single flower could last approximately 5-7 days. Pollination peak last from 2 days before blossom to 6 hours after blossom, and the higher stigma recep tive stage was the same time.Self-pollination was possible by temporal and spatial superposition ofmale and female organs for 2 days within the same flower. Seed set percentage of autogamous selfing in isolation without emasculation condition and geitonogamous selfing mainly pollinated through different flower in one p lant. The results indicated that no apomixis occurred, the breeding system was outcrossingwith self2compatibility and pollinatorswere needed based on the pollen-ovule ratio (P/O) , out-crossing index and the results of emasculation, bagging and artificial pollination studies. The most frequent floral visitorswere bees. Itwas inferred elementary that S. m iltiorrhiza belong to often cross2pollinated p lant. The crossing method and breeding strategy were discussed.
  
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综述

• Progress on the Molecular Biology of the Cladosporium fulvum and Its Resistance Genes in Tomato
• LU Li-ya;YANG Ning;and ZHAO Ling-xia
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(6): 911-922.
• Abstract ( 1743 ) HTML ( 1819 ) PDF (639KB) ( 1819 ) 　　　
• Cladosporium fulvum (syn. Passalora fulva) is a fungal pathogen that causes tomato (Solanum lycopersicum ) leaf mold disease, and threat commercial tomato production seriously. The C. fulvum-tomato interaction strictly fits the gene-for-gene principle, and has become a model system for studying plant-pathogen interaction. In this paper, the research history of C. fulvum and Cf genes resistant to C. fulvum were reviewed. Subsequently, the current p rogresseswere summarized on the infection behaviors of C. fulvum as well as the types, characters and functions of effector proteins derived C. fulvum. Meanwhile, the research progresses were also reviewed on the types, evolution, structures and functions of Cf genes. Especially, the recent progresses were emphatically reviewed on the molecularmechanism of Cf/Avr interaction, signal transduction depended on Cf/Avr and the autoactivity of Cf genes. Finally, we discussed the faced questions, research hotspots and strategies on the resistance of tomato to C. fulvum so as to provide some available information for further investigating tomatops resistance to C. fu lvum or plants’resistance to fungus.
  
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新技术与方法

• Some Plant-type Parameters Measurement Based on Image Technology inTomato
• FENG Hui;ZHANG Ting;WANG Wei-jia;WANG Wu-hong;and SHI Yun-tao
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(6): 923-928.
• Abstract ( 1483 ) HTML ( 1266 ) PDF (460KB) ( 1266 ) 　　　
• A measurement software“ToPM-1”was designed and used to measure the plant-type indexes of tomato, including base angle, opening angle, droop ing angle, opening length, droop ing length, leaf length, leafwidth, plant height, plant range, node length and stem diameter. Itwas indicated in the comparative analysis that the difference in the data collected from the manual and the software measurements was not significant. The software measurement is characterized by high efficiency, facility and accuracy, low cost, and non-destruction to p lants. It is an efficient tool in the research on tomato plant-type.
  
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新品种

• A Tolerant Storage-transportation Peach Cultivar ‘Jiucui’
• ZHANG Li-bin;XIAO Xiao;L IU Yu-yan;LI Feng-ying;and LI Yu-hua
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(6): 930-930.
• Abstract ( 1584 ) HTML ( 1066 ) PDF (93KB) ( 1066 ) 　　　
• ‘Jiucui’is a new tolerant storage2transportation peach cultivar from seedling of Okubo peach.The fruit development period is 125-130 days. The fruit shape is round with a round-flat fruit top. The fruit weight is 250 g. The fruit skin color is bright. The flesh is white, crisp, non2melting and cling stone. The sweetness is suitable with 12% of soluble solids content. The fruit is suitable for eating and p rocessing. It has high yield with self2fertility.
  
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• Chinese Cabbage ‘Xinzao 56’, ‘Xinx iang Xiaobao 23’and ‘Xinzao 58’
• WANG Guang-yin;YUAN Lian-zhuang;YUAN Rang-hua;;DONG Yan-qi;WU Tao;XIAO Yan;and SUN Qiang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(6): 932-932.
• Abstract ( 2175 ) HTML ( 1120 ) PDF (75KB) ( 1120 ) 　　　
• A new series of Chinese cabbage cultivarswere bred by the germp lasm innovation and greenhouse generation p roliferating technique. These cultivars could be cultivated in various region and seasons respectively. They were named‘Xinzao 56’, ‘Xinxiang Xiaobao 23’and‘Xinzao 58’.
  
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