Fruit Trees

• Isolation and Expression Analysis of an Ethylene Receptor Gene MiETR1b in Mango
• LI Yun-He, ZHANG Zhi, WU Qing-Song
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(6): 1021-1030. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-1057
• Abstract ( 258 ) HTML ( 1034 ) PDF (879KB) ( 1034 ) 　　　
• A mango ETHYLENE RESPONSE1（ETR1）gene，designated as MiETR1b，was isolated from the cotyledon of mango（Mangifera indica L.‘Zihua’）using RT-PCR and RACE. The full-length cDNA was 2 530 bp with an open reading frame of 2 220 bp，encoding a putative protein of 739 amino acids. The genomic DNA sequence of MiETR1b was 4 116 bp long with a sequence of 3 305 bp from start codon to terminator codon containing six exons and five introns. The deduced amino acids possessed conserved domains of GAF and HATPase_c superfamily. Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that MiETR1b had the highest similarity with MiETR1 from M. indica，and had high similarity with CsERS1，DlETR1，TcERS1 and PtrETR1. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that MiETR1b expressed in proximalcut surface or distal cut surface throughout the adventitious root formation period. Meanwhile，the expression of MiETR1b in distal cut surface was significantly up-regulated within 0.25–2 days. Howeve，pre-treatment with indole-3-butyric acid（IBA）and 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid（TIBA）significantly down-regulated MiETR1b expression of 1 day and 6 hours，respectively. On the other hand，more ethylene produced within 0.5–1 day，while the ethylene production decreased after 4 days of culture. In conclusion，MiETR1b might play an important role during the adventitious root formation of mango cotyledon segments，which was related to ethylene production.
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• Functional Study of TFL1 Genes in Stage Transformation in Sweet Cherry
• LI Chang-Long, LI Yang, WANG Jing, YAN Guo-Hua, ZHANG Xiao-Ming, DUAN Xu-Wei, ZHANG Kai-Chun, LI Tian-Zhong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(6): 1031-1039. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0074
• Abstract ( 428 ) HTML ( 840 ) PDF (434KB) ( 840 ) 　　　
• Rainier sweet cherry was used as test material. Using the peach genome to design primers，the full-length sequences of two genes whose ORF were 519 bp and 516 bp encoded 172 and 171 amino acids respectively. They had the conserved PEBP domain and 9 substrate binding sites，and were in line with the typical characteristics of TFL1 gene family，which named PaTFL1a and PaTFL1b respectively. Asurvey on 3，4-year old hybrid offspring of Rainier × 2121 was made. Its first flower node was 28.72 ± 1.34，the juvenile span was（63.33 ± 3.19）cm. The qRT-PCR analysis on the shoot apical meristem from 3，4-year old hybrid offspring of Rainier × 2121 showed that the relative expression quantity of PaTFL1a and PaTFL1b in juvenile zone was much higher than that in adult zone. The relative expression quantity of them were increased with the nodes increasing in adult zone. In shoot apical meristem from 1–4-year old hybrid offspring of Rainier × 2121，the relative expression quantity of two genes were reduced by the ages of trees and branches. Therefore，PaTFL1a and PaTFL1b genes may be associated with the sweet cherry stage transformation. In the leaves of 30th node，the relative expression quantity of PaTFL1a did not change by age，while the relative expression quantity of PaTFL1b was consistent with apical meristems，and it can be used as a convenient detection marker for the stage transformation of Rainier.
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• Histopathological of the Early Interactions Between Peach Roots and Meloidogyne incognita
• LI Hai-Yan, WANG Li-Rong, CAO Ke, ZHU Geng-Rui, WANG Xin-Wei, FANG Wei-Chao, CHEN Chang-Wen, WANG Xiao-Li
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(6): 1040-1048. DOI:doi：10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-1115
• Abstract ( 266 ) HTML ( 929 ) PDF (932KB) ( 929 ) 　　　
• To study the changes in tissue structures and resistance mechanisms that occur due to the interaction between peach roots and root knot nematodes，seedlings of the resistant Baigen Gansu Tao 1 （Prunus kansuensis）and the susceptible Bailey（P. persica）were inoculated with Meloidogyne incognita using artificial indoor inoculation. Root tips were observed by staining at 6，12，18，24，30，36，42 and 48 h after inoculation，and the tissue structure of the root tips was observed by paraffin section at 0，6，12，36，60 and 84 h after inoculation. Staining results showed that the infection law of Baigen Gansu Tao 1 and Bailey were roughly similar：Root knot nematodes began invading at 12 h after inoculation，and the number of root knot nematodes increased gradually during the period between 12 h to 30 h after inoculation. The number of root knot nematodes present in the roots subsequently decreased as theorganisms began their upward movement along the plants’ vascular bundles. Compared to Bailey，at 30 h after inoculation Baigen Gansu Tao 1 were infected with root knot nematodes at a significantly lower rate：Only 28% of that of Bailey. Paraffin section results showed that the structural damage to inoculated Baigen Gansu Tao 1 was much less severe than in inoculated Bailey. Nematodes gathered in certain areas，which led to cells necrosis at the gathering sites at 84 h after inoculation.
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• Cloning and Functional Analysis of MADS-box CiMADS9 Gene from Carya illinoinensis
• ZHANG Ji-Yu, MO Zheng-Hai, LI Yong-Rong, WANG Gang, XUAN Ji-Ping, JIA Xiao-Dong, GUO Zhong-Ren
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(6): 1049-1056. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-1094
• Abstract ( 363 ) HTML ( 1431 ) PDF (476KB) ( 1431 ) 　　　
• A MADS-box gene，named CiMADS9，was isolated from the male flowers of Carya illinoinensis using the gene specific primers obtained according to a MADS conserved fragment sequence by the method of RACE technology. The gene was 1 077 bp which has an ORF of 768 bp coding 255 amino acids．Multiple sequence comparison revealed that CiMADS9 was the typical MIKC-type MADS-box genes with the MADS-box domain and K semi-conservative region. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that CiMADS9 belonged to the AGL15 group of MADS-box gene family. qRT-PCR indicated that the expression level of reproductive organs（male flower，female flower，and young fruit）were striking higher than those of vegetative organs（leaf and branch），and the expression level of male flower was the highest among all the organs. The overexpression vector of CiMADS9 was constructed and transferred into Arabidopsis thaliana，and then resistant plants were obtained. RT-PCR analysis showed that CiMADS9were expressed in all these lines. Compared with the wide type，transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing CiMADS9 gene delayed flowering time and increased the number of leaf.
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• Effects of Endogenous Hormone，Carbon and Nitrogen Nutrition on Development of Wizened Bud in‘Yulu Xiangli’Pear
• YANG Sheng, HAO Guo-Wei, ZHANG Xiao-Wei, BAI Mu-Dan, LI Kai, SHI Mei-Juan, CHENG Pei-Hong, GUO Huang-Ping, LI Liu-Lin
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(6): 1057-1065. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-1093
• Abstract ( 996 ) HTML ( 1204 ) PDF (446KB) ( 1204 ) 　　　
• ‘Yulu Xiangli’pear has wizened bud phenomenon in some orchards，which induces low yield. Experiments were conducted to investigate the appearing time and relative reasons induced wizened bud including endogenous hormone contents，carbon and nitrogen nutrition during flower bud differentiation using normal flower buds in short shoot from Weixian，Hebei and Taigu，Shanxi as control，wizened bud in Weixian as research material with methods of paraffin method，indirect ELISA，anthrone colorimetry and Kjeldahl in order to explore the formation mechanism then provide the theory for the prevention of wizened bud in pear. The results showed that wizened bud phenomenon appeared during sepal differentiation phase from early July to mid July. The content of indole acetic acid（IAA）in wizened bud was obviously higher than normal during initial period. The content of abscisic acid（ABA）in the wizened bud was significantly lower than normal during mid June to mid August. But the content of gibberellic acid（GA3）was significantly higher in wizened bud than normal. Content of the zeatin riboside（ZR）in wizened bud was significantly higher than that in the normal pear orchard from early June to mid June. ZR/GA3，ABA/GA3，and ABA/ZR in buds of normal pear orchard were significantly higher than those in the wizened bud pear orchard. The annual branch growth amount in the wizened bud pear orchard were significantly more than normal pear orchards. Days of annual branches growth in the wizened bud pear orchard were significantly longer than normal pear orchards. Soluble sugar，starch and C/N in wizened bud were significantly lower than those in the normal buds. In wizened bud pear orchard，the branches grow faster and buds had high content of IAA，GA3 and low content of ABA，carbohydrate，which inhibited the normal differentiation of flower buds and induced the occurrence of wizened bud.
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• Effects of Red Light and Blue Light on Leaf Senescence and Active Oxygen Metabolism in Grape
• WANG Shuai, WANG Hai-Bo, WANG Xiao-Di, SHI Xiang-Bin, WANG Bao-Liang, ZHENG Xiao-Cui, LIU Feng-Zhi
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(6): 1066-1076. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0056
• Abstract ( 428 ) HTML ( 1303 ) PDF (732KB) ( 1303 ) 　　　
• To investigate the effects of red light and blue light on leaf senescence and active oxygen metabolism，the two grape variety Vitis vinifera‘Italia’and V. vinifera‘Centenial Seedless’with different senescence-types cultured in protected and delayed cultivation were studied.‘Italia’and‘Centenial Seedless’were exposed to red light and blue light，and no supplemental lighting as control，and the physiological indexes of their leaves，such as chlorophyll and soluble protein contents，the net photosynthetic rate，superoxide radical（）and hydrogen peroxide（H2O2）contents，malondialdehyde（MDA）accumulation，superoxide dismutase（SOD），peroxidase（POD）and catalase（CAT）activities were determined during natural senescence. Compared with control，red light delayed the decrease ofchlorophyll and soluble protein contents and the net photosynthetic rate significantly，increased the CAT and SOD activities，decreased the MDA， and H2O2 contents，delayed the appearance time of maximum content of H2O2 and postponed the senescence of functional leaves；While blue light significantly decreased the chlorophyll content，the net photosynthetic rate and activity of antioxidant enzymes at early stages of leaf senescence，accelerating the senescence process，after that the chlorophyll content，the net photosynthetic rate and activity of antioxidant enzymes in the blue light treatment were gradually higher than that in the control，so blue light could delay leaf senescence to a certain extent at late sampling stage. There were differences in different senescence-types of grape leaves，the leaves of‘Italia’aged slower and maintained higher antioxidant enzymes activity at the late growth stage.
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Vegetables

• Age-related Resistance and the Mechanism of Ph-3 Gene to Phytophthora infestans in Tomato
• LI Tao, Sayed Rashad Ali Shah, LIU Lei, ZHENG Zheng, DU Yong-Chen, LI Jun-Ming
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(6): 1077-1084. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-0359
• Abstract ( 654 ) HTML ( 1349 ) PDF (498KB) ( 1349 ) 　　　
• Although R genes have been showed significantly age-related resistance（ARR），the mechanism of QTLs involved in this resistance is still unknown. With susceptible material Solanum lycopersicum‘LA2818’，resistant material S. lycopersicum‘CLN2037B’and S. pimpinellifolium‘L3708’as control，the age-related resistance of QTL were studied. Except susceptible control LA2818，6-leaf stage and 9-leaf stage plants of S. habrochaites accessions LA2099，LA1033 and LA1777，which contain QTL also showed age-related resistance，were more resistant significantly to late blight disease than 3-leaf stage plants. Thus there is a common defense mechanism in tomato against Phytophthora infestans through ARR. Meanwhile，ethylene，salicylic acid and jasmonic acid synthesis or missing mutants and Virus Induced Gene Silencing（VIGS）technology were combined to study the resistant mechanisms of 6-leaf stage plants harboring Ph-3 gene. The results showed that ethylene and salicylic acid but not jasmonic acid wereinvolved in the resistance to late blight mediated by Ph-3 gene.
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• Obtaining and Genetic Stability of Chinese Cabbage–Cabbage Translocation Lines with Fragment of Cabbage Chromosome 8
• YAN Zhen-Chen, WANG Yan-Hua, XUAN Shu-Xin, ZHAO Jian-Jun, SHEN Shu-Xing
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(6): 1085-1092. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0127
• Abstract ( 379 ) HTML ( 702 ) PDF (652KB) ( 702 ) 　　　
• Chinese Cabbage–Cabbage alien addition line AC8 was radiated to obtain M1 plants. Doubled haploid lines were further obtained by microcspores culture for backcross descendants of M1. Two hundred and eighty-six specific InDel molecular markers linked to cabbage linkage group were used for detecting the DH lines. Combining with cytology observation，the translocation line AT8-1 of Chinese cabbage was identified. AT8-1 was selfed，backcrossed and hydridized，then their offsprings were identified by the specific makers. Results showed that the translocation fragment form cabbage was instability，the ratio of keeping entire exogenous fragment in selfing progenies，one backcross progeny and two hybridization progenies were 61.1%，26.3%，24.2% and 30.0%，respectively. In all progeny individuals，none translocation plant was found with smaller fragments than in AT8-1.
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• Studies on Characteristics of Several Glossy Mutants in Cabbage
• TANG Jun, LIU Dong-Ming, LIU Ze-Zhou, YANG Li-Mei, FANG Zhi-Yuan, LIU Yu-Mei, ZHUANG Mu, ZHANG Yang-Yong, SUN Pei-Tian
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(6): 1093-1102. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0048
• Abstract ( 298 ) HTML ( 787 ) PDF (746KB) ( 787 ) 　　　
• To detect the characteristics and practical application potential of glossy mutants in cabbage，five different glossy mutants were studied. The epicuticular wax amount over these mutants was just about 30% of their wild type. The wax crystal structure of wild type was columnar and linear，but the wax crystal structure of mutant was granular and short rod. The wax composition of wild type cabbage was mainly consisted of alkanes，alcohols，fatty acids，ketones，and aldehydes，while in the mutant there were severely lack of alkanes and ketones. We speculated that the biosynthetic pathway of alkane in the mutant was blocked，so it exhibited the glossy traits. In addition，cuticle permeability was obvious increased in glossy mutant. The results of growth curve indicated that the growth speed of mutant-1 and mutant-3 was slower than their wild type，and the plant size of mutant-1 and mutant-3 was smaller than the correspondingwild type too，but the glossy traits has no influence on the growth of mutant-2. The study on agronomic traits and heterosis of the glossy mutants showed that the color was bright green and the glossy mutants exhibited better commodity nature and the inheritance of mutant-2 was dominant. Besides，the bright green F1 cabbage has the advantage of heterosis indicating that mutant-2 possessed potential value for practical application.
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• Analysis on SSR Information in Transcriptome of Onion and the Polymorphism
• LI Man-Tang, ZHANG Shi-Lin, DENG Peng, HOU Xi-Lin, WANG Jian-Jun
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(6): 1103-1111. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0046
• Abstract ( 401 ) HTML ( 1478 ) PDF (388KB) ( 1478 ) 　　　
• Bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the onion（Allium cepa L.）transcriptome SSR loci information and designed simple sequence repeat（SSR）primers，so as to provide a powerful tool for screening onion molecular marker assisted breeding. Five thousand nine hundred and fifty-nine SSR loci（5.10%）were obtained from 106 932 unigenes（84.04 Mb）by using MISA software to screen the onion transcriptome sequencing，and its frequency was 1/14.1 kb. Trinucleotide repeat was the main type，accounted for as much as 37.27% of all SSRs. The AAG/CTT were the predominant repeat types（10.20%），followed by mononucleotide repeat motif（30.91%）and dinucleotide repeat motif（24.75%）. Five thousand two hundred and fifty-eight pairs of SSR primers were designed using Primer 5. Randomly 20 pairs of primers were selected for PCR amplification，12 amplified on clear and reproducible bands，9 in 24 different types showed polymorphism in onion material. Twenty-four onions plants were divided into 4 groups by UPGMA.
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• Mocecular Marker-assisted Selection for Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum Race 1 in Tetraploid Watermelon
• JIAO Di, REN Yi, GONG Guo-Yi, ZHANG Hai-Ying, GUO Shao-Gui, ZHANG Jie, XU Yong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(6): 1112-1120. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0156
• Abstract ( 432 ) HTML ( 879 ) PDF (471KB) ( 879 ) 　　　
• Based on the molecular markers tightly linked to Fon-1 for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum race 1 resistance in the diploid watermelon developed in our laboratory，the fine mapping of Fon-1 was finished in this study. A backcross population of susceptible recurrent parent NF3 and resistant donor parent JH was constructed. The newly developed SNP marker was used for Fon-1 resistance marker- assisted selection and seedling inoculation identification in different generations. The results showed that the ratio of resistant plants post-inoculated was 12.64%–15.34% lower than the ratio of resistantgenotype detected by molecular marker. The reason is that because of gene dosage effect，different heterozygosity genotype have different resistance in tetraploid watermelon as follow：AAAa > AAaa > Aaaa. At present the molecular marker could not detect the gene dosage effect or identify the susceptible genotype Aaaa. In the 673 plants BC1F2 population，we detected 29 homozygous resistant genotype（AAAA），accounting for 4.31% of the total number of plants. All of the 29 homozygous plants showed Fon-1 resistance by screening with inoculation of Fon race 1.
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• Inheritance and Location of Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene in Melon PMR6
• LU Hao, WANG Xian-Lei, GAO Xing-Wang, NING Xue-Fei, CHEN Jing, LI Guan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(6): 1121-1128. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0024
• Abstract ( 579 ) HTML ( 915 ) PDF (296KB) ( 915 ) 　　　
• To identify the chromosomal location associated with powdery mildew resistance gene，the segregation of resistance was evaluated in BC2 population derived from a cross between the resistance melon PMR6 and the susceptible melon Hami413. Genetic analysis showed that the resistance to Podosphaera xanthii race 1 was controlled by one single dominant gene in BC2 population，and the gene was named Pm-PMR6-1. Among 390 simple sequence repeat（SSR）markers distributed on 12 linkage groups，5 polymorphic markers were identified by Bulked segregant analysis（BSA）. The resistance gene was located on linkage group Ⅻ between SSR markers SSR12407 and SSR12202，and the physical distance was 226 kb according to the melon genome database. Thirty-five candidate genes were predicted in this region. The resistance gene Pm-PMR6-1 co-segregated with SSR marker Mu7191 in 255 BC2 progeny. The candidate genes in this region provide a potential target site for further fine mapping and cloning of powdery mildew resistance gene in melon PMR6.
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Ornamental Plants

• Selection of Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-Time PCR in Lycoris
• JIANG Ting-Ting, GAO Yan-Hui, TONG Zai-Kang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(6): 1129-1138. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-0999
• Abstract ( 365 ) HTML ( 1862 ) PDF (365KB) ( 1862 ) 　　　
• Different species，different tissues，different development periods of flowers and different hybrids of bulb of Lycoris Herb were taken as materials in this study. The mRNA expression of six housekeeping genes such as Actin，EF-1α，GAPDH，5S rRNA，Ubiquitin and β-Tubulin was detected by qRT-PCR. The stability of expression of the six reference genes were evaluated by geNorm，NormFinder，BestKeeper and Reffinder respectively. The results showed that mRNA expression of the reference genes had significant differences during the species and intraspecific in Lycoris. When analyzing the mRNA expression of different organs in Lycoris sprengeri，β-Tubulin，Actin and GAPDH could be reference genes. In the meantime，5S rRNA，EF-1α，Actin and β-Tubulin could be uesed as reference genes in different development periods of flowers. However，5S rRNA，Ubiquitin，EF-1α and β-Tubulin were best choices in different organs of Lycoris chinensis Traub. Meanwhile，Ubiquitin，β-Tubulin were suitable reference genes in different florescence. For Lycoris radiata，the stable mRNA expression in different organs β-Tubulin and 5S rRNA were appropriate，and Ubiquitin，β-Tubulin and 5S rRNA should be chosen indifferent florescence. While β-Tubulin and Actin should be apply as the reference in different hybrids bulbs. All these results will provide appropriate reference genes for further study，help achieve standardization，decrease experimental errors and increase the reliability of experimental results.
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• Cloning and Preliminary Functional Analysis of CpAGL6 Promoter from Chimonanthus praecox
• JING Fan, LUO Deng-Pan, MA Jing, LI Ming-Yang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(6): 1139-1149. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-1058
• Abstract ( 359 ) HTML ( 976 ) PDF (839KB) ( 976 ) 　　　
• The regulative sequence（1 266 bp）of the flower development-related gene CpAGL6 promoter was cloned from genomic DNA of Chimonanthus praecox by hiTAIL-PCR. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the promoter sequence contained basic cis-elements，such as TATA-box and CAAT-box and many elements involved in the plant abiotic stress. In order to study the function of CpAGL6 promoter，a promoter-reporter vector was constructed，and introduced into tobacco by Agrobacterium-mediated method. Then the transgenic tobacco with GUS histochemical staining and quantitative detection of GUS enzyme activity were analyzed，the results showed that CpAGL6 promoter could drive the GUS gene exclusively express in leaves，stems and flowers of transgenic tobacco，and there were significant differences of GUS enzyme activity among the flowers in different stages，almost no expression in roots. GUS enzyme activity of transgenic plants have increased under different treatments，including darkness，gibberellin（GA3）and 4 ℃ low temperature. The results indicated that CpAGL6 promotermainly driven GUS reporter gene expression in floral organs and green organs or tissues of tobacco，playing a very important role in abiotic stress resistance.
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• Effects of Drying Methods on Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of the Flowers of Magnolia liliflora
• LI Feng-Ying, LIU Su-Wen, GUO Shuo
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(6): 1150-1156. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-1033
• Abstract ( 368 ) HTML ( 1072 ) PDF (227KB) ( 1072 ) 　　　
• Magnolia liliflora was pretreated by four drying methods-shade drying，sun drying，hot-air drying and microwave drying which effect the flavonoids，polyphenols content and the antioxidant activity of Magnolia liliflora were investigated. The results showed that four drying methods had the different dehydration speed and drying time. Compared to the other drying methods，microwave drying could effectively reduced moisture. Drying rate was influenced by drying methods which followed the order：Microwave drying > hot-air drying > sun drying > shade drying. Addition，treatments of shade drying，microwave drying（900 W）and hot-air drying（50 ℃）exhibited the higher values of flavonoids，polyphenols content and antioxidant activity. However，treatments of sun drying exhibited the lowest values of antioxidant activity because of the lower vaules of flavonoids and polyphenols content. DPPH? scavenging rate had significantly correlated with flavonoids and polyphenols content the correlation coefficient are R2 = 0.7300 and R2 = 0.6675，respectively. Polyphenols content had significantly related with total reducing power（R2 = 0.8234）.
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Research Notes

• The Critical Period Affecting Fruit Setting of Sweet Cherry in Nanjing
• CUI Juan, FANG Jin-Bao, LIN Miao-Miao, CHEN Jin-Yong, GU Hong, QI Xiu-Juan, SONG Hong-Feng, ZHANG Wei-Yuan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(6): 1157-1166. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-1145
• Abstract ( 316 ) HTML ( 854 ) PDF (752KB) ( 854 ) 　　　
• It was studied that different ecological conditions affected on the flower bud differentiation and fruit setting of sweet cherry to identify the critical period that influences sweet cherry fruit setting in warm regions. First，we transported some potted sweet cherry trees（Prunus avium L.）from Zhengzhou to Nanjing to make them grow for a year，then took the potted trees growing in Zhengzhou and Nanjing as test materials. The treatment included the exchange of trees between Zhengzhou and Nanjing at the stage of leaf fall in winter and before budding in spring. The bud paraffin sections were made to observe the difference on the development of flower bud and embryo sac. The fruit setting rate was investigated at the stage of fruit coloring. The results were as follows：The fruit setting rate of the cultivar‘РубиноваяРанняя’growing in Zhengzhou for whole season，transported from Zhengzhou to Nanjing at the stage of leaf fall，transported from Zhengzhou to Nanjing before budding，growing in Nanjing for whole season，transported from Nanjing to Zhengzhou at the stage of leaf fall was 38.2%，14.7%，12.9%，8.9% and 31.7%；The percentage of the bud that had ovule but no embryo sac was 41.5%，55.6%，57.7%，74.5% and 50.0%，respectively. Fruit setting rate of‘Summit’were that totally growing in Zhengzhou and that transported from Zhengzhou to Nanjing at the stage of leaf fall then transported to Zhengzhou when the dormancy period finished was 13.9% and 18.8%，respectively. These indicated that the blooming and setting stage may be the critical period that leads to low setting rate in warm areas. For some cultivars of low chilling requirement，dormancy period has virtually no effect on fruit setting. The high temperature in summer has little influence on fruit setting during the period of flower bud differentiation but obviously affects the bud development status and quality.
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• Preliminary Study on the Isolation of Mature Pollen Protoplasts in‘Fuji’Apple
• ZHANG Ning, LI Wei, GU Zhao-Yu, CHEN Qiu-Ju, DUAN Xu-Wei, YANG Qing, LI Tian-Zhong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(6): 1167-1174. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0071
• Abstract ( 527 ) HTML ( 1581 ) PDF (405KB) ( 1581 ) 　　　
• Little information is available about the research on plant pollen protoplasts，especially the isolation of apple pollen protoplasts. In this study，the protoplasts from mature pollen of Malus × domestica Borkh.‘Fuji’by the method of‘germination-enzymatic treatment’were isolated. To screen the most effective condition of isolation，some key factors were analyzed. The results indicated that：The isolation percentage was up to 6.83% when the pollens germinating for 45 min and then treated with mixed enzyme solution including 1% Cellulase Onozuka R-10，1% Macerozyme R-10 and 18% Mannitol for 6 h. The cell walls of isolated protoplasts were degraded entirely according to the examination of 0.1% calcoflower white staining. 0.01% fluorescein diacetate（FDA）staining indicated the protoplasts were viable. Therefore，the proroplasts can be used for further research.
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• Effects of Exogenous Gibberellin and Paclobutrazol on Tuber Expansion and Bulbil formation of Chinese Yam
• GONG Ming-Xia, LUO Hai-Ling, YUAN Hong-Juan, WEI Shan-Qing, YANG Xu-Dong, HE Long-Fei
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(6): 1175-1184. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-1090
• Abstract ( 641 ) HTML ( 820 ) PDF (288KB) ( 820 ) 　　　
• The effects of exogenous gibberellin（GA3）and paclobutrazol（PP333）on tuber expansion and bulbil formation were studied with big tuber variety‘Guihuai 5’and little tuber variety‘Guihuai 16’as plant materials. The results showed that yam tuber yields were increased significantly by application of exogenous GA3 and its optimum concentration was 200 mg ? L-1，while tuber yields were decreased significantly by application of exogenous PP333 at 200 mg ? L-1. The tuber development of Chinese yam could be divided into three periods，which are tuber formation period，tuber expansion period，and tuber maturity period. Compared with the control，exogenous GA3 decreased significantly total tuber weight perplant as well as single tuber weight on 150 days after field planting during tuber expansion period，and　increased significantly tuber number per plant as well as total tuber weight per plant during tuber maturity period. In the meanwhile，exogenous GA3 increased significantly bulbil length and the weight of single bulbil，but decreased the total weight of bulbil per plant compared to the control. Compared to GA3 treatment，exogenous PP333 decreased significantly total tuber weight per plant and single tuber weight，increased bulbil width and total weight of bulbil per plant during tuber expansion period，but decreased significantly tuber number per plant and single tuber weight during tuber maturity period.
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• Cloning and Expression Analysis Induced by Verticillium Wilt Fungus of Ubiquitin-conjugating Enzyme Gene StUBCc from Solanum torvum
• LIU Yan-Lin, CHEN Yu-Hui, LIU Fu-Zhong, ZHANG Ying, LIAN Yong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(6): 1185-1194. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0151
• Abstract ( 374 ) HTML ( 854 ) PDF (1551KB) ( 854 ) 　　　
• An EST F290 was from suppression subtractive hybridization library made from pathogen treated roots of the seedling roots of verticillium wilt（Verticillium dahliae Kleb）resistant Solanum torvum Swartz. A full length cDNA（756 bp）was obtained using rapid amplification of cDNA ends（RACE）technology，which encoded the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2-2（UBC2）family gene and was designated as StUBCc. GenBank number is KP330492. The putative protein contains of 152 amino acids with a molecular weight of 63.0925 kD and a theoretical pI of 5.13. Multiple sequence alignment of the amino acid sequence between StUBCc and other homologs from several plants were analyzed by MEGA 5 and shows that the StUBCc has higher identity with UBC genes from Vitis vinifera. The identities is 99% with a deduced amino acid sequence of highly conserved functional domain. The expressions of the isolated StUBCc in the roots of S. torvum seedlings treated by verticillium wilt fungus as well as sterilewater at different time points was studied by using quantitative RT-PCR. The results indicated that the expression of the newly isolated StUBCc gene was induced by verticillium wilt infection and was 6.79 times more than the comparison at 6 hours post infection.
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• Studies on Numerical Taxonomy and SCoT Marker of Rose Natural Hybrids
• WANG Yu, YU Xiao-Yan, FENG Zhen, ZHAO Ming-Yuan, QI Yu, ZHAO Lan-Yong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(6): 1195-1204. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-0891
• Abstract ( 699 ) HTML ( 800 ) PDF (337KB) ( 800 ) 　　　
• Classfication，genentic diversity of forty rose natural hybrids were studied with the two methods：Numerical taxonomy and SCoT molecular marker. Forty rose natural hybrids were divided into 5 groups by numerical taxonomy. The first group included Z1 and Z15 in all total of 20 samples，the main characteristics were that the color of petals were pink to deep pink，multiplicate flower，coil of calyces were no，and the stalk thoms were even；The second group included Z10 and Z17 in all total of 6 samples，the main characteristics were that the color of petals were purple，single flower，coil of calyces were yes，and the stalk thoms were even；The third group included Z12 and Z38 in all total of 12 samples，the main characteristics were that the color of petals were light pink to pink，multiplicate flower，coil of calyces were no，and the stalk thoms were underside；Z11 was the fourth group and Z34 was the fifth，the main different charactersitic was the color of petals，yellow and white respectively. A total of 426 bands were generated from 20 SCoT primers that had been selected by SCoT，of which 379 bands hadpolymorphism. The percentage of polymorphic bands was 88.97%. UPMGA was selected for cluster analysising in SCoT molecular marker，40 rose natural hybrids also had been divided into 5 groups. The results of numerical taxonomy and SCoT cluster analysis were similar. The two selected methods，numerical taxonomy and SCoT molecular marker were fit for this study. The classification result of 40 rose natural hybrids was scientific and reliable. Forty rose natural hybrids had abundant genetic diversity. Diversity of the parental origin made the rose classification system increase 2 groups compared with the previous results. It could provide a theoretical basis for the scientific utilization of rose natural hybrids and for cultivating new rose varieties.
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New Cultivars

• A Late-ripenning Wine Grape Cultivar‘Xinbeichun’
• FAN Pei-Ge, WANG Li-Jun, WU Ben-Hong, DUAN Wei, YANG Mei-Rong, LI Sheng-Chen, LIANG Zhen-Chang, XIN Hai-Ping, KUANG Yang-Fu, GUO Jun-Jun, LIAO Xuan-Feng, LI Qian-Juan, LI Shao-Hua
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(6): 1205-1206. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-0552
• Abstract ( 424 ) HTML ( 822 ) PDF (166KB) ( 822 ) 　　　
• ‘Xinbeichun’is a late-ripening red wine cultivar selected by‘Beichun’bud mutation. Berries mature at the end of September in Beijing. The fruit cluster is conical，weighing 178.7 g on average. The average weight of a single berry is 2.27 g. The berry is circular and blue black. The flesh is soft and red acid-sweet juice with 23.8% soluble solids content，0.57% titratable acid content and 66.7% juice extraction. The wine made from its berry is deep bright ruby，clear and translucent with aromas resembling a hint of raspberry and litchi，rich and well balanced on the palate. It has high yield and resistance to cold and diseases.
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• A New Later-maturing Pear Cultivar‘Panguxiang’
• ZHENG Xian-Bo, LI Yan, GENG Xiao-Dong, WANG Yan-Mei, 吕Yi-Po , XIAO Yi, LIU Zhen
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(6): 1207-1208. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-0861
• Abstract ( 557 ) HTML ( 594 ) PDF (159KB) ( 594 ) 　　　
• ‘Panguxiang'is a new excellent late-maturing pear cultivar selected from the landraces in Henan Province. The fruits are medium-sized with an average weight of approximately 298.7 g. The fruits surface are yellow in color，and the flesh with rich juicy are white，greatly crisp and sweet. The soluble solids content are about 15%，and the flesh with medium stone cell has superior quality with thick aroma. The fruits have significant disease resistance，high and stable yield. The fruits matured in late September in the south area of Henan Province. Moreover，the flavor of fruits which were stored at 5 ℃ in 350 d was not changed. Therefore the cultivar has a promising market prospect which can annual supply.
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• A Late-ripening Peach Cultivar‘Zhongtao 21’
• NIU Liang, LU Zhen-Hua, CUI Guo-Chao, ZENG Wen-Fang, WANG Zhi-Qiang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(6): 1209-1210. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-0685
• Abstract ( 1406 ) HTML ( 646 ) PDF (176KB) ( 646 ) 　　　
• ‘Zhongtao 21’，originated from artificial pollination，is a late-ripening peach cultivar. The fruit is round with average weight about 265 g and the biggest one weighs over 510 g. When ripe，over 50% of the fruit skin is covered by dark red on light green-white background. The flesh is white，melting and taste sweet with light aroma. The fruit juice contains 12.6%–13.9% soluble solids，11.2% total sugar，0.37% total acid and 0.127 mg ? g-1 vitamin C. The stone is long elliptical and cling to the flesh. In Zhengzhou，the flowers bloom in late March. The fruit mature in middle of August and the fruit development period is about 140 days. The flowers are showy and the anthers are white without pollen. The yield of 3-year-old trees is about 16.7 t ? hm-2 and reach 32.2 t ? hm-2 at the 5th year.
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• A New Red Fleshed Pomelo Cultivar‘Zheyou 1’
• NI Hai-Zhi, CHEN Fang-Yong, ZHOU Xiao-Yin, RAO Jian-Min, WANG Yin, REN Zheng-Chu
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(6): 1211-1212. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-1048
• Abstract ( 361 ) HTML ( 891 ) PDF (561KB) ( 891 ) 　　　

• ‘Zheyou l’，a new citrus cultivar with thin rind，originated from a bud mutation of ‘Qingtian Hongxinyou’. The trees are characterized by vigorous growth，strong roots and high fruit-setting ability. The fruit is pyriform in shape with a yellow skin，the size of fruit is large，and having an average mass of about 1 460 g. The thichness of rind could be reach to 17.4 mm，fruit are red with a tender，juicy flesh and good flavor. The edible rate is 44.8%，the content of total soluble solids is 11%–13%，total sugar of 10.6%.‘Zheyou 1’matures in middle October with high and stable yield（33 000–37 500 kg · hm^-2），having strong ability to tolerant to cold and drought.

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• A New Purple Savoy Cultivar‘Lizi 1’
• WANG Ming-Xia, YAN Cong-Sheng, JIANG Hai-Kun, MA Shao-Jun, WANG Yan, TIAN Hong-Mei, FANG Ling, ZHANG Qi-An
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(6): 1213-1214. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-1134
• Abstract ( 462 ) HTML ( 584 ) PDF (156KB) ( 584 ) 　　　
• ‘Lizi 1’is a new purple savoy hybrid cultivar with the male sterile line PW-10-03 as the female parent and the inbred line PW-09-06 as the male parent. The plant is semi-collapse，with beautiful plant type. The plant height is 15–16 cm. The expansion is about 38–43 cm. The outer leaves are dark purple and the inner leaves are purplish red. The petioles are green-white with flat sharp. The anthocyanidin content of leaf is 712.49 mg ? kg-1，the taste of the savoy is tender. The average plant weight is about 590 g. The yield is about 64 605 kg ? hm-2. It showed high quality and disease resistance in the field. It is suitable to be cultivated for overwintering in open field in the middle and south of China，especially the Yangtze River and Huaihe River.
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• A New Sweet Corn Cultivar‘Zhengtian 88’
• HAN Fu-Guang, ZHENG Jin-Rong, LI Yu-Liang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(6): 1215-1216. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0272
• Abstract ( 492 ) HTML ( 609 ) PDF (434KB) ( 609 ) 　　　

• ‘Zhengtian 88’is a new fresh and processing sweet corn hybrid. The average single fresh ear weight is 360 g and fresh ears yield is about 18 256.5 kg ? hm-2. The soluble sugar content is 30.74% and kernel pericarp is 70.08 μm. Its kernel is good flavor，high quality. The first class commodity ears is up to 88%. It is medium resistant to sheath blight disease and southern blight diseases.

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• A New Rosa Cultivar‘Jinhui’
• WANG Li-Hua, DUAN Jin-Hui, XUE Li-Ping, XUE Zu-Wang, LI Mei, FAN Rong-Xu, WANG Qi-Gang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(6): 1217-1218. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-0553
• Abstract ( 1334 ) HTML ( 1216 ) PDF (164KB) ( 1216 ) 　　　
• ‘Jinhui’is a new cut rose cultivar，selected from mutation breeding of modern rose cultivar‘Rouge’. The flower is revolute petal with light fragment and yellow with thin pink laciness，its flower diameter is 10–13 cm，the length of flowering branch is 80–100 cm and its thickness is uniform.‘Jinhui’has strong growth potential and high production levels. The yield of cut flower is 12–15 branches per plant every year in greenhouse.
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• A New Colorful Sweet Osmanthus Cultivar‘Qiannan Guifei’
• JIANG Jun, TAN Zhi-Ming, WANG Hai-Tao, LIAO Kai, LUO Yong-Song
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(6): 1219-1220. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-0517
• Abstract ( 750 ) HTML ( 1120 ) PDF (173KB) ( 1120 ) 　　　
• ‘Qiannan Guifei’is a new colorful Osmanthus fragrans cultivar selected from the seedling of Osmanthus fragrans Albus Group. The twigs and leaves have red purple，light red，light yellow，yellow green，and so on many kinds of color，color viewing period for half a year. It can be cultivated in Jiangxi，Guangxi，Guangdong and other places as a garden ornamental plant.
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• A New Catalpa bungei Cultivar‘Yiqiu 1’
• LI Yong-Hua, LI Yong, WANG Lei, SU Zhi-Guo, YANG Qiu-Sheng, SU Jin-Le
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(6): 1221-1222. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-0616
• Abstract ( 557 ) HTML ( 987 ) PDF (183KB) ( 987 ) 　　　
• ‘Yiqiu 1’is derived from an clone with smooth bark founded in Catalpa bungei germplasm resource garden，after grafting propagation cultivation for many years. Stem of‘Yiqiu 1’is straight，self-pruning intensity is higher. Bark is smooth and gray with no obvious cicatricles. There are dense leaves which germinates earlier and falls off later. Bud flushing in spring is 5–6 days earlier than that of‘Jinsiqiu’，but 20–25 days later in defoliation. Growth speed of‘Yiqiu 1’is fast，average plant height and meter diameter for 1-year grafting plant is 3.6 m and 3.4 cm，respectively. This cultivar is suitable for growth and cultivation in a wide range of regions.
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