Fruit Trees

• Effects of Earthworm on Biological Characteristics of Soil and the Growth ofApple Trees
• SHEN Wei-bao;YANG Hong-qiang;QIAO Hai-tao;SHEN Jie
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(10): 1405-1410.
• Abstract ( 2085 ) HTML ( 1585 ) PDF (370KB) ( 1585 ) 　　　
• The effects of earthworm on soil enzyme activities, microbiomass carbon, microbiomass nitrogen and the growth of apple tree were studied by pot experiment, using the orchard cinnamon soil, brown soil and fluvo-aquic soil and two-year old ‘Red Fuji’app le (Malus domestica Borkh. ) trees smaterials. The results showed that the earthworm enhanced the activities of soil urease, acid phosphatase and alkalin phosphatase, and increased microbiomass nitrogen in the three kinds of soils, in which the urease activity in brown
  soil, the alkalin phosphatase activity in fluvo-aquic soil and the microbiomass nitrogen in brown soil increased 78.9%, 170.0% and 180.4% respectively. The treatment of earthworm increased the microbiomass carbon in cinnamon soil and fluvo-aquic soil, and the increased degree of that in fluvo-aquic soil is the largest, which reached 299.2%. The root activity, root growth and new shoots growth of the app le trees in the soils treated by earthworm increased significantly; The root activity in brown soil, the growth of root in cinnamon soil and the growth of new shoots in fluvo-aquic soil were the highest respectively in the three kinds of soils treated by earthworm.
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• Prokaryotic Expression of MxIrt1 Genes Segment and the Prepara tion of ItsPolyclonal Antibody
• SUN Chun-yu;WANG Yi;KONG Jin;XU Xue-feng;L I Tian-zhong;HAN Zhen-hai
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(10): 1411-1416.
• Abstract ( 1842 ) HTML ( 1045 ) PDF (414KB) ( 1045 ) 　　　
• MxIrt1 is a iron transport p rotein gene from M alus xiaojinensis. To study the functional characteristic of MxIrt1, the recombinant plasmid pGEX-MxIrt1 was constructed with 162 bp segments between 3 rd and 4 th TMR (Transmembrane region) , following the expression in E.coli with high efficiency, purification using Glutathione Sepharose 4B, the recombinant GST-MxIRT1 protein was obtained. ELISA assay detected the reactivity of the polycolonal antibody andWestern blot shows that specific band was corresponding to the expectation. The recombinant GST-MxIRT1 protein can also be used for immunohistochemistry.
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• Effects of Adding Phenolic Compounds on Respiratary Metabolisms ofCerasus sachalinensis Kom. Seedling
• LI Zhi-xia;QIN Si-jun;GAO He;Lü De-guo;MA Huai-yu;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(10): 1417-1424.
• Abstract ( 1789 ) HTML ( 1573 ) PDF (722KB) ( 1573 ) 　　　
• The effects of phenolic compounds added to the roots on leaf and root resp iratarymetabolisms were studied using Cerasus sachalinensis Kom. seedlings asmaterials. The results showed that the effects of p-ydroxybenzoic acid on leaf and root resp iratory rates were increased under lower concentration and inhibited under higher concentration. However, treatments with coumarin were not the similar trend. The seedlings seemed more sensitive to p-hydroxybenzoic acid than coumarin. The leaf biochemical resp iratory pathways were changed by p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and the resp iratory electron transport chain pathwayswere changed by high concentrations of phenolic compoundswhich turned CP into AP. Moreover, root respiratory pathwayswere
  with relation to the types of phenolic compounds. Root biochemical resp iratory pathways and resp iratory electron transport chain pathways could be changed by p-hydroxybenzoic acid and the mixed solution which turned
  EMP-TCA into PPP and CP into AP, but except for the coumarin.
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• Cloning of pgip Promoter from Prunus salicina and the Computational Identification of Its Regulatory Element
• LI Guang-ping;ZHANG Chang-qing;ZHANG Zhen;CAO Fu-liang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(10): 1425-1430.
• Abstract ( 1907 ) HTML ( 1608 ) PDF (590KB) ( 1608 ) 　　　
• Based on the gene sequence of pgip, we have obtained an up stream fragment of 1 869 bp length by genome walker from Prunus sa licina. Using the bioinformatics methods, including the phylogenetic foot printing and the promoter scanning, we identified three cis2regulatory elements from pgip promoter. One is the TGA1 site and the others areWRKY sites. Our discoveries will be help to understand the transcrip tional regulatory mechanism on pgip expression.
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• e eIF(iso)4E Full Sequence Cloning and Structure and Expression Analyzlingin Papaya
• YAN Pu;SHEN Wen-tao.GAO Xin-zheng;LI Ya-li;ZHOU Peng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(10): 1427-1442.
• Abstract ( 1680 ) HTML ( 1162 ) PDF (721KB) ( 1162 ) 　　　
• eIF4E ( eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E) family genes play important roles against virus from infecting plants. A complete cDNA of 995 bp from papaya was cloned using the method of RT-PCR and RACE. It was a isoform eIF4E, so itwas named CP-eIF ( iso) 4E (GenBank accession No. FJ595992).
  The predicted CP-eIF ( iso) 4E protein had 206 amino acids, in which the active site was high conservative in primary structure, and the predicted virus-resistance site was located on the surface of cap-binding pocket in3-D structure. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis indicated that CP-eIF ( iso) 4E expression was lower in leaf and higher in petal of papaya.
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• Cloning and Prokaryotic Expression of 14-3-3 Gene in Longan
• YOU Xiang-rong;WANG Ping;LIANGWen-yu;ZHENG Shao-quan;CHEN Wei
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(10): 1431-1436.
• Abstract ( 1918 ) HTML ( 1450 ) PDF (844KB) ( 1450 ) 　　　
• Full length cDNA of 14-3-3 gene, encoding a plant regulatory factor, was isolated from longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour. ) using homology based cloning and RACE methods. The accession number of the gene in GenBanks is FJ479618 (GI: 218202931). The full length cDNA is of 1 121 bp, with a 783 bp open reading frame encoding 261 amino acids. Homology analysis showed that the longan 14-3-3 cDNA has high consensus regions. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis detected the exp ression of 14-3-3 gene in longan foliar
  buds, leaves, mature flowers, and most up2regulated in flower buds. The p rokaryotic exp ression vector was-constructed and was expressed in E.coli; and a recombinant protein with a molecularweight of 34 kD was obtained by SDS-PAGE analysis. Western blotting confirmed the p rotein was 14-3-3 protein.
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Vegetables

• Isolation of Fertility Restoration-related ESTs in Pepper Cytopla smic MaleSterility Lines Using SSH
• GUO Shuang;SHEN Huo-lin;YANG Wen-cai;YANG Juan;WANG Wen
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(10): 1443-1449.
• Abstract ( 1772 ) HTML ( 1273 ) PDF (614KB) ( 1273 ) 　　　
• To isolate fertility restoration-related genes in pepper cytopasmic male sterility (CMS) lines, a forward subtracted cDNA librarywas constructed using supp ression subtractive hybridization (SSH).The cDNA of pepper CMS line 23A and 121A were used as driver and near2isogenic restorer line 23C and 121C as tester. Genes differentially exp ressed were screened using dot blot hybridization. A total of 175 non-redundant expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were identified. The genesppotential function analysis showed that 103 of these genes were homologous to known genes, and 55 could be new genes. The ESTs were sorted into 14 functional categories according to the Munich Information Center for Protein Sequences (MIPS) method.
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• Construction of Genetic Linkage Map and QTLs Analysis for the Related Traits of Plant Height in Cucumber
• JI Yi;XU Qiang;M IAO Min-min;LIANG Guo-hua;GAO Hai-jie;LUO Jing-jing;CHEN Xue-hao
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(10): 1450-1456.
• Abstract ( 1683 ) HTML ( 1668 ) PDF (602KB) ( 1668 ) 　　　
• With the aim ofmolecularmarker assisted selection for the traits related to dwarfing of cucumber, 188 progenies of F₂ generation derived from a cross between the dwarf variety ‘D8’ and the vining variety‘JIN5’in the present research were screened using the molecular markers ISSR and SRAP for their
  polymorphic sites, and a genetic linkage map containing 65 polymorphic loci was constructed for identifying traits associated with the plant height of cucumber. The genetic linkage map consisted of seven linkage groups, and was, totally, 831.6 cM in length. The average distance between two neighour lociwas 12.7 cM, the minimum distance was 4.8 cM, and the maximum was 22.3 cM. Further analysis using the composite interval mapping method showed that two QTLs associated with plant heightwere sited on the linkage group 4 and each accounted for 13.2% and 13.0% on phenotyp ic variance exp lained ( PVE) , respectively, and one QTL for the average internode distance was also located in linkage group 4. Seven QTL s for the days of the first female flower flowering were located in five linkage groups, i.e., the 1 st, 2nd, 3 rd, 5 th and 7 th, each accounting for from 6.5% to 12.5% on phenotyp ic variance explained ( PVE).
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• Genetic Diversity Analyses of Cucumis sativus L. var. xishuangbannanesisPopulation Based on SSR Markers
• SHEN Di;FANG Zhi-yuan;QI Chun-zhang;ZHAO Jin-yan;SONG Jiang-ping;LI Quan-hui;LI Xi-xiang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(10): 1457-1464.
• Abstract ( 1657 ) HTML ( 1662 ) PDF (430KB) ( 1662 ) 　　　
• Xishuangbanna cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.var.xishuangbannanesis Qi et Yuan) is a special variation in our country. Simple sequence repeat ( SSR) analyses were conducted to assess the genetic diversity of 30 germplasm resources collected in Xishuangbanna prefecture in 1979 and 1980, which showed that relatively abundant genetic diversity existed in Xishuangbanna cucumber population. The percentage of polymorphic loci, Nei's gene diversity ( H ) and Shannon information index ( I ) of 273 samples were 92.86%, 0.1818 and 0.2972, respectively. The indexes of genetic diversity of 30 germplasm showed that the genetic variation among germplasm was 54.06% and that within germplasm was 45.94%. The genetic diversity of No.17 germplasm was the highest among 30 germplasm (H = 0.1376, I = 0.2032, percentage of poly
  morphic loci = 37.21% ). Cluster analysis showed that the result of classification of most germp lasm was consistent with fruit skin color and flesh color. Among 5 populations according to accession source, the genetic diversity of Jinghong population was the highest, whose polymorphic loci, H value and I value were 76.19% ,0.1562 and 0.2516 respectively. Genetic identity of 5 populations was between 0.9071 and 0.9889. Cluster analyses suggest that the difference of genetic background existed in 5 populations with different collecting source. The coefficient of genetic differentiation (Gst) and gene flow (Nm )were 0.2201 and 1.7718, which indicated that the genetic differentiation was relatively low, with relatively larger gene flow in C.sativus L.var. xishuangbannanesis.
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• Effects of Root-zone Hypoxia Stress on the Photosynthesis, Yield and Quality of Muskmelon
• LIU Yi-ling;LI Tian-lai;SUN Zhou-ping;CHEN Ya-dong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(10): 1465-1472.
• Abstract ( 1925 ) HTML ( 1583 ) PDF (333KB) ( 1583 ) 　　　
• By the aeroponics culture system, the effects of root-zone hypoxia stress (10% and 5% O₂ )on the leaf photosynthesis, fruit yield and quality of muskmelon were studied. The results showed that there were distinct decreases in the contents of photosynthesis pigments, net photosynthetic rate ( P_n ) , stomatal conductance (G_s ) , intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i ) , transp iration rate ( T_r ) and the maximal photo chemical efficiency of PSⅡ ( F_v /F_m ) and PSⅡ potential activity ( F_v /F_o ) under the root-zone hypoxia stress as compared with the control ( 21% O₂ ). However, the stomatal limitation value (L_s ) was significantly increased. In addition, the results of yield and fruit quality showed that root-zone hypoxia stress markedly reduced the fruitweight per plant, and the contents of vitamin C, protein, soluble sugar and ratios of sugar/acid in fruit, in contrary, the content of organic acid was increased. Besides, the main aroma components detected were also declined with the decrease of the root-zone oxygen concentration. This indicated that leaf photosynthesis and fruit growth ofmuskmelon will be inhibited obviously when the root-zone oxygen concentration were lower than 10% during the fruit development, the yield and quality of muskmelon fruit decreased.
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• Intergeneric Hybridization of Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis (Lour. )Olsson and Orychophragmus violaceus and GISH Identification
• QIAO Hai-yun;Li Fei;ZHANG Shu-jiang;ZHANG Shi-fan;SUN Ri-fei
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(10): 1473-1478.
• Abstract ( 1696 ) HTML ( 1508 ) PDF (402KB) ( 1508 ) 　　　
• The intergeneric hybridizations between different Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis(Lour. ) Olsson and Orychophragmus violaceus were carried out. By successive bud pollination and ovule culture, B. campestris L. ssp. pekinensis and O. violaceus were crossed reciprocally. When B. campestris L. ssp. pekinensis was used asmother plants, thirty-one plants were obtained, while O. violaceus was used asmother plants, no plants were rescued. Sixteen of the thirty-one p lants showed characteristics of both parents. GISH identification revealed that sixteen of the thirty-one hybrid plants were real hybrids because they had the anticipative chromosomes (2n = 22). The investigation in the field showed that many characteristics in between both parents and the pollen fertility of hybrid plants ( F₁ ) was aborted.
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Ornamental Plants

• Comparative Studies on the Ornamental and Photosynthetic Characteristicsof Lonicera tragophylla Hem sl. , Lonicerasem pervirens L. and Their HybridLonicera × tellmanniana Hort. Spath
• ZHOU Wei;JIANG Chuang-dao;ZHANG Jin-zheng;WANG Shu-biao;SUN Guo-feng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(10): 1479-1484.
• Abstract ( 1838 ) HTML ( 1253 ) PDF (461KB) ( 1253 ) 　　　
• The characteristics of ornamentation and photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in spring, summer and fallwere compared between the female (Lonicera tragophylla Hemsl. ) , male (Lonicerasem pervirens L. ) parents and their hybrid (Lonicera tellm ann iana Hort. Sp¾ th) , and the purpose of this study was to improve the ornamental effect of Lonicera by comparing the ornamental and photosynthetic characteristics of three species. The results showed that longer bloom period and more inflorescence numbers per plant were the most significant performance in hybrid; Three species had no significant difference in the maximum quantum yield of photosystem Ⅱ ( F_v /F_m ). The male parent almost had same photosynthetic rate,actual quantum yield of photosystemⅡ, p lant height, number of leaves, basal diameter and underground biomass as the hybrid. Except for F_v /F_m , all parameters of the female parent were significantly lower than those of the male parent and hybrid, revealing that it had the weakest growth vigor. The hybrid had the significant performance mainly in the total leaf area and ornamental effect. It is concluded that higher total leaf area increases the total photosynthetic capacity, which keeps the hybrid to show better ornamental effect thanits parents. Therefore, we suggest that increasing the total leaf area during the early growth stage would have a positive impact on imp roving the ornamental effect of Lonicera
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• Flower Structure and Biological Characteristics of Flowering and Pollination in Iris japonica Thunb.
• GUAN Wen-ling;LI Ye-fang;CHEN Xian;YANG De
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(10): 1485-1490.
• Abstract ( 2605 ) HTML ( 1491 ) PDF (313KB) ( 1491 ) 　　　
• A field investigation was conducted on the floral syndrome and pollination characteristics of
  Iris japonica Thunb. in artificial populations by continuous observation, out-crossing index, pollen-ovule ra-
  tio and fruit-setrat. The main results are as follows: Under artificial culture conditions, the population come
  into bloom from Febrary to April and the flowering span among populations is 62 days. The flowering span for
  a plant is 9 -28 days. The life span of one single flower was approximately 36 -48 hours. The stamen was
  close to the lateral side of the petaloid style and 0.32 cm shorter than the style, and the relative position be-
  tween the stamen and style was always unchanged in the whole flowering process. The out-crossing index was
  4, P /O was about 275.68, combined with the result of the bagging and artificial pollination experiment, the
  breeding system of those species was given priority to out-crossing, part self-compatibility, insects pollinator-
  dependent. The special floral structure may be the reasons that those species have a low setting percentage.
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• Investigation on Chromosome Ploidy of the Hybrids of Phalaenops is Polyploids
• ZHOU J ianjin;ZENG Ruizhen;L IU Fang;YIMaosheng;L I Yanghui;and ZHANG Zhisheng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(10): 1491-1497.
• Abstract ( 2117 ) HTML ( 2095 ) PDF (584KB) ( 2095 ) 　　　
• The microspore mother cell meiosis of different ploidy Phalaenopsis and chromosome number in root tip cell of their hybridswere observed. The results showed that the p loidy segregation appeared in all combinations excep t that of triploid ×triploid, in which no hybrid plants were obtained. Diploid, triploid and tetraploid plants were identified in the combinations of diploid ×diploid, dipoid ×tetraploid and tetraploid ×diploid Phalaenopsis. Diploids, triploids, pentap loids and aneuploids were found in the combinations of diploid ×trip loid and tripoid ×diploid. Triploids, tetraploids, octoploids and aneuploids were identified in the plants of triploid ×tetraploid combinations, while triploids, tetraploids, pentap loids and aneup loids existed in the plants of tetraploid trip loid ones. This indicated that ploidy segregation was related to reciprocal cros
  ses. Tetraploid crossed with tetraploid produced diploids, triploids, tetraploids, pentaploids, hexaploids and aneuploids. The ploidy diversity of microspore in Phalaenopsis caused by the abnormal meiosis of microspore mother cells such as chromosome lagging, micronucleus and triad, was one of the main reasons resulting in ploidy diversity of the hybrids.
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• Taxonomic Status of Phyllostachys propinqua McClure in Poaceae Basing onSequence Analysis of Chloropla st Genes
• LI Lu-bin;TANG Zheng;ZHUANG Cai-yun;HU Tao;YAO Na;YANG Kai
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(10): 1498-1503.
• Abstract ( 1875 ) HTML ( 1418 ) PDF (338KB) ( 1418 ) 　　　
• Following of Phyllostachys propinqua McClure chlorop last genomic DNA library constructed,the atpA (EU64861) , psaB ( EU64863) , rpoA ( EU64862) and rpoC1 ( EU64864) genes were cloned and analyzed basing on sequence alignment with other chlorop last genes of Poaceae species in GenBank. In
  order to analyze the taxonomic status of Phyllostachys propinqua in Poaceae, four phylogenetic treeswere constructed by neighbor-joining method. The results indicated that the gramineous plants can be classified as two classes in the phylogenetic systematics, the first class contained two subclasses, with Phyllostachys propinqua and rice together as one of the subclass and maize, sorghum, saccharum composing another; The second class included wheat, barley, ryegrass and creep ing bentgrass. It showed that Phyllostachys propinqua had the closest taxonomic status with rice, and it was much closer than that between rice and maize or sorghum and saccharum and the relation between Phyllostachys propinqua and wheat as well as itps kindred plant was
  far
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Research Notes

• Comparison of Leaf Structure and Chloroplast Ultrastructure BetweenColumnar and Standard Apples
• LIANG Mei-xia;DAI Hong-yi;GE Hong-juan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(10): 1504-1510.
• Abstract ( 1827 ) HTML ( 1659 ) PDF (648KB) ( 1659 ) 　　　
• The anatomical structure, leaf epidermis structure and chloroplast ltrastructure of columnar and standard apples were studied using paraffin section method, scanning electronic microscope and transmission electronic microscope. The results showed that the size of palisade tissue cells within the same layer of columnar apple was different and its array was irregular. The cells of different layerswere intervened each other,and the border of different layerswas not clear. The size of palisade tissue cells within the same layer of standard apple was equal and its array was quite regular and close together. The border of different layers was obvious to distinguish. The leaf total thickness, palisade tissue thickness and the ratio of palisade tissue thickness and spongy tissue thickness of columnar apple were obviously higher than those of standard apple. There were more wrinkles on the surface of the upper epidermal cells of columnar apple and the bulges of epidermal cells were higher compared with standard apple. There were no obvious difference for the length of stomata between columnar apple and standard apple, but the stomata density of columnar app le was obviously higher and its stomata width was shorter than those of standard apple. The grana or stroma lamellae of chlorop last of columnar apple were not parallel to the long axis of the chloroplast, grana lamellae were arrayed irregularly and the number of chloroplast lamellae were small. Whereas grana or stroma lamellae of standard app le were parallel to the long axis of the chloroplast, grana lamellae were arrayed regular and closely and the number of chlorop last lamellae were relatively more than those of columnar apple.
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• Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Nitrite Reductase Gene BcNiR from Non-heading Chinese Cabbage
• SUN Fei-fei;JIANG Fang-ling;HOU Xi-lin;LI Ying;YANG Xue-dong;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(10): 1511-1518.
• Abstract ( 1577 ) HTML ( 1126 ) PDF (833KB) ( 1126 ) 　　　
• The BcNiR gene was cloned using RT-PCR and 3′/5′RACE techniques with cDNA isolated from non-heading Chinese cabbage [Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis (L. ) Makino ] , which was nitrateinduced for 4 hours. The cDNA of BcNiR was 1 852 bp containing a 1 749 bp opening reading frame (ORF)
  encoding 583 amino acids. Further comparison showed that BcNiR had high homology to A rabidopsis thaliana NiR1 gene and Nicotiana tabacum nii gene, were 83% and 76% , respectively. The predicted BcNiR protein was found to have a hemoprotein beta-compnent ( ferrodoxin-like) , a siroheme-binding site and 4Fe2-4S region. A similar 3D structural were obtained from the SW iSS-MODEL database. Real-time PCR analysis showed that, the expressions of BcNiR were awfully higher in leaves than that in roots. Furthermore, in nitrate
  treatment experiments, both the maximum expressions of BcNiR in roots and leaves were induced by 30 mmol·L ^{- 1} NO₃^- - N at 4 h. 5 and 10 mmol·L ^{- 1}NH4⁺ - N treatments indicated that high level of NH4⁺ -N treatment restrained the expression of ^BcNiR.
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• Comparison of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics in the Leaves ofDifferent Euphorbia pulcherrima Cultivars
• LI Chang;SU Jia-le;LIU Xiao-qing;LI Qian-zhong;CHEN Lu;CHEN Shang-ping
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(10): 1519-1524.
• Abstract ( 1854 ) HTML ( 1487 ) PDF (271KB) ( 1487 ) 　　　
• L ight2dependent chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of leaves in the four Euphorbia
  pulcherrim a cultivars‘J induoli’,‘ChristmasAngel’,‘SonoraWhite Glitte’and‘Royal Red’were exp lored
  using the chlorophyll fluorescence technique. The results indicated that the minimal fluorescence ( Fo ) , the
  maximal fluorescence ( Fm ) and the variable fluorescence ( Fv ) of‘J induoli’were extremely significant
  higher than the other cultivars. The changing trend of relative electron transport rate ( rETR) , the effective
  quantum yield of PSⅡ (Yield) and photochemical quenching ( qP ) were identical under the photosynthetically
  active radiation ( PAR ) from 0 to 2 171μmol·m- 2 ·s- 1 , which showed ‘J induoli’ > ‘ChristmasAngel’
  > ‘SonoraWhite Glitte’ > ‘Royal Red’. And the differences of these valueswere more evident under the
  high PAR. There were the same trend to the maximal relative electron transport rate ( rETRmax ) , half2satura2
  tion light intensity ( Ik) and photoinhibition parameter (β) among cultivars. All those revealed that‘J induo2
  li’had higher PSⅡ activity and was able to tolerate strong irradiance; And‘Flag’, which has lower photo2
  synthesis efficiency was easier appearance to suffer photoinhibition.
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• Induction of Protocorm-like Bodies and Its Development from Stem Segmentsof Dendrobium huoshanense
• JIN Qing;MA Shao-jun;CA I Yong-ping;HE Jin-ling;LIN Yi;PI Rui
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(10): 1525-1530.
• Abstract ( 1814 ) HTML ( 1541 ) PDF (410KB) ( 1541 ) 　　　
• Stem segments of Dend robium huoshanese were used to induce p rotocorm-like bodies ( PLBs) and the development of PLB s was studied. The results showed that the most suitable medium for PLBs inducing is Knudson + 2, 4-D 0.1 mg·L ^{- 1} + KT 0.05 mg·L ^{- 1} , the induction ratio can reach 25.50% on
  thismedium. Culture methods also affect the proliferation of PLB s, shaking-bottle liquid cultivation is more suitable for PLB s proliferation among the four culture methods, such as solid culture, double layer, static liquid and haking-bottle liquid. Anatomical investigation revealed that the formation of PLB s from Dendrobium huoshanese is similar to zygotic embryo, development from proem-bryo, globularem-byro, heart-shaped embryo,torpedo-embryo, then from cotyledon to mature embryoid. The development of PLBs can be divided into five stages: Formation of PLBs, hypertrophy of PLB s, differentiation of stalks and leaves, formation of stalks and leaves, stretch of stalks and leaves.
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• Interspecific Relationships and Variation of 12 Species in Ardisia Sw.(Myrsinaceae) Based on ITS and trnL-F Data Sets
• XU Ling-ling;LI Tong-jian;ZHANG Mei-yun;YI Guan-mei;LIAO Liang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(10): 1531-1537.
• Abstract ( 1887 ) HTML ( 1348 ) PDF (463KB) ( 1348 ) 　　　
• The nuclear encoded internal transcribed spacer(ITS) region and the plastid encoded trnL-F
  region were sequenced for 17 samples from 12 species of the genus Ardisia Sw. and outgroup Rapanea lin-
  earis. Based on maximum parsim ony and neighbor-joining analyses, we reconstructed the phylogenetic rela-
  tionships of 19 samples of Ardisia. The two methods generated similar trees. Nineteen samples of Ardisia are
  separated into six clades intrnL-F trees. Eighteen samples of Ardisia are separated into two clades in ITS
  trees. The results showed that the genus Ardisia Sw. could not be amonophyletic group. The Sec.t  Akosmos
  (Ñ) and Sec.t Bladhia (Ó) form a clade in ITS trees, which indicated that they were closely related.
  Four samples of A. japonica form two clades in ITS trees, which showed that there were at least two types of
  nuclear genome in A. japonica population. According to analysis of the chromosomes number, ITS sequences
  and trnL-F sequences, A. japonicais supposed to be a allotetraploid.
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Technologies and Methods

• Development of cDNA Dimeric Probes and Its Application in Diagnosis ofPotato spindle tuber viroid
• LüDian-qiu;QIU Cai-ling;WANG Shao-peng;LI Yong;GAO Yun-fei
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(10): 1531-1537.
• Abstract ( 1427 ) HTML ( 1417 ) PDF (389KB) ( 1417 ) 　　　
• Two PCR amplifying full-length PSTVd (Potato spindle tuber viroid) with the B amHⅠ (87-92 nt) overlop were linked to pGM-T to construct the recombinant vector containing dimeric PSTVd cDNA. Highly sensitive and specific dimeric probe labeled with digoxin was produced with PCR amplification. An efficient hybridization system was established bywith the substrate of CDP-star in this study. The minimum concentration of PSTVd detected by this probe was 0.05 pg. The samples prepared from leaves, tubers and sprouts could be detected successfully. Compared the positive sample percentage detected from potato fields and conserved potato resource of plantlets in vitro with RT-PCR ( reverse-transcrip tional polymerase chain reaction) and R-PAGE ( return-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) , NASH ( nucleic acid spot hybridization)
  could give the same positive sample percentage as RT-PCR did ( 67.7% ) , but was higher than R-PAGE (53.7% ).
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New Cultivars

• A New Middle-late Ripening Apple Cultivar ‘Yueyanghong’
• LIU Zhi;WANG Dong-mei;ZHANG Jing-e;YI Kai;YANG Feng;YAN Zhong-ye;LüTian-xing
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(10): 1545-1546.
• Abstract ( 1818 ) HTML ( 1184 ) PDF (206KB) ( 1184 ) 　　　
• 'Yueyanghong’ is a new middle-late ripening app le hybrid selected from‘Fuji’ בDongguang’. Its fruit shape is round, shape index is 0.85, average fruitweight is 205 g. The fruit skin has a yellowish green ground color covered with bright red. The flesh is crisp, juicy, sour-sweet, palatable, aromatic and normal taste, with a firmness of 10.1 kg·cm^{- 2} , containing a soluble solids content of 15.2% , titratable acidity of 0.50% , total sugar of 12.52% , vitamin C of 0.0535 mg·g^{- 1}. The main characteristics are the balanced taste, the excellent colouration, early-bearing and high production
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• A New Pyrus pyrifolia Cultivar ‘Huafeng’
• YUAN De-yi;TAN Xiao-feng;ZHAO Si-dong;DUAN Jing-hua;ZHANG Lin;ZOU Feng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(10): 1547-1548.
• Abstract ( 1911 ) HTML ( 1080 ) PDF (278KB) ( 1080 ) 　　　
• ‘Huafeng’is a new pear cultivar derived from Niitaka ×Hosui. The ripening date of pome is in the first ten days of Sep tember in Changsha City area. The fruit is oblate with snuff color pericarp. The average weight of a single pome is 331.82 g. The flesh is crisp, tender, richer juice, sweet, less-sclereid with 11.9% - 12.2% soluble solids content, 0.08% - 0.19% titration acid, and 010440 - 010528 mg·g^{- 1} vitamin C1 The multiple spots regional trials and tests showed that the cultivar has excellent characteristics such as stronger growth vigour, high yield, good quality and fruit is long-storage.
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• New Late Fruiting Walnut Cultivar‘Qinquan 1’
• WU Guo-liang;LIU He;LIU Qun-long;XU Yan-gang;WANG Yong;ZHANG Peng-fei;SH IXiang-yu
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(10): 1549-1550.
• Abstract ( 2251 ) HTML ( 1110 ) PDF (158KB) ( 1110 ) 　　　
• 'Qinquan 1’ is a new cultivar of Juglans regia L., with the characteristics of apomixis, se-
  lected from the walnut seedling resources in Taihang Mountain area, the ratio of apomixis was steady in
  17.6%. The size of the nut is large and round, the smooth surface and lightcolor, shell is thin; The kernel
  was full and plump, with a membrane of diaphragm, a light yellow inner layer, yellow-white kernel, releasing
  fragrance, and excellent quality. In addition, it has good productivity, high resistant to cold and disease.
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• A New Bitter Gourd Cultivar‘Changlü’
• Zhang Chang-yuan;Luo Jian-ning;He Xiao-li;Luo Shao-bo;Zheng Xiao-ming
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(10): 1551-1552.
• Abstract ( 2002 ) HTML ( 1190 ) PDF (186KB) ( 1190 ) 　　　
• ‘Changlü’ is a new bitter gourd hybrid developed by crossing lines‘ 03-2-31’ ב 03-2-84’. It has excellent characteristics such as strong power of furit setting, resistant to powdery mildew, high quality and high yield. The shape of fruit is long conicform, with green skin, about 25 cm in length, 516 cm in diameter, the average fruitweight is about 330 g.
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• A New Pumpkin Hybrid 'Luzhou Tianshi' Used as Cucumber Rootstock
• CAO Yan-po;FENG He-jing;DAI Peng;QUAN Xiu-wei;DAI Su-ying
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(10): 1553-1554.
• Abstract ( 2807 ) HTML ( 1190 ) PDF (199KB) ( 1190 ) 　　　
• 'Luzhou Tianshi' is a new pumpkin hybrid thatused as cucumber grafted rootstock, which
  was hybridized by the Japanese pumpkin inbred line-98-6-2-1-3-1-2-2.with India pumpkin inbred line
  -99-12-2-4-1-1-3.. Ithasexcellentcharacteristics such as better grafting compatibility and symbiotic compati-
  bility, high resistance to Fusarium wilt  tolerance of low temperature andweak light high yield, the quality of
  grafts fruit to be excellent  It is suitable for the protected and outdoor used as cucumber grafted cultivation.
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• A New Ornamental Cherry Cultivar 'Scent-flower'
• ZHANG Qing-liang;ZHAO Fei;LI Wen-an;XING Shu-tang;WANG Chao
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(10): 1555-1556.
• Abstract ( 1786 ) HTML ( 1039 ) PDF (256KB) ( 1039 ) 　　　
• 'Scent-flower' is a new mutation cherry cultivarwhich selected from seedling population of
  Prunus pseudocerasus. It is early blooming with scent flowers, high self-fertility and production. Its fruit is
  heart-shaped with a clear purple ventral sutures and ithas top side-bending like peach. Moreover, late leaves
  keep green long period. It is suitable to plant in all cherry cultivated area for landscape and fruit production.
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• A New Scarlet Sage Cultivar 'Shenzhouhong'
• FU Qiao-juan;SHEN Guo-zheng;CHEN Yi;ZHAO Hang-ping
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(10): 1557-1558.
• Abstract ( 1603 ) HTML ( 1069 ) PDF (214KB) ( 1069 ) 　　　
• 'Shenzhouhong' is a new scarletsage cultivar, which belongs to erectand determinate type.
  Plantshows compactappearance, powerfulbranch and brightred flowers. Raceme is about 15 cm long. Initial
  flowering time is 91 days in autumn and 135 days in spring. Ornamental period of single raceme is 29 days in
  autumn and 38 days in spring. It has better heat tolerance, which is suitable for two season cultivation in
  spring and autumn in Hangzhou, Quzhou and other areas with similar climate conditions.
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