Fruit Trees

• Relationship Between Malic Acid Metabolism-related Key Enzymes and Accumulation of Malic Acid as Well as the Soluble Sugars in Apple Fruit
• YAO Yu-xin;LI Ming;YOU Chun-xiang;LIU Zhi;WANG Dong-mei;HAO Yu-jin
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(1): 1-8.
• Abstract ( 1746 ) HTML ( 2128 ) PDF (889KB) ( 2128 ) 　　　
• The relationship between activity of malic acid metabolism-related key enzymes and accumulation of malic acid aswell as the soluble sugars was investigated by the hybrid from the crossing between apple cultivar‘Dongguang’and ‘Fuji’. The results showed that cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase ( PEPC) and NAD-dependentmalate dehydrogenase (cyMDH) , implicated in malic acid (MA) synthesis in the cytosol, and vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase (VHP) , implicated in MA storage in the vacuole, exhibited no significant difference between the high- and low-acid apple fruits. Whereas, vacuolar H+-ATPase (VHA) , involved in MA storage in the vacuole, had much higher enzyme activity in the high-acid fruit, while MA degradation-related cytosolic NADP-dependent malic enzyme ( cyME) and ATP-dependent phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase ( PEPCK) exhibited high enzyme activities in the low-acid fruit. In addition, the effects of these key enzymes on the accumulation of soluble sugarswere discussed in terms of the transformation of malic acid into sugars.
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• RT-PCR Detection and Molecular Variability of Apple stem pitting virus
• LI Li-li;DONG Ya-feng;ZHANG Zun-ping;ZHANG Zhi-hong;FAN Xu-dong;PEI Guang-qian
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(1): 9-16.
• Abstract ( 1917 ) HTML ( 1641 ) PDF (720KB) ( 1641 ) 　　　
• Thirty-three samples including 6 apple and 7 pear cultivars were detected for Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV) by RT-PCR, the infected rate was up to 63% (19 /33). The ASPV coat protein (CP) gene of 6 Chinese isolates were amplified by RT-PCR, cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis showed that the full-length CP gene comprised 1 191 nt and encoded 397 amino acid. Identities of nucleotide between Chinese isolates and other isolates were 70.2% - 91.7%. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all isolates of ASPV fell into three groups, and the group swere slightly related to host, but it was not related to geographical origin of isolates. In group 1 and 3, the host of all isolates were apples. Six isolates came from pears and two isolates came from apples lay in group 2. The diversity of antigenic index was complicated for different ASPV isolates, and we presumed that the diversity of antigenic index was due to variation of sequences, so serology differentiations were likely to be gradually developed.
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• Genetic Diversity and Constituents of Flavor in Southern Xinjiang ApricotCultivars
• SUN Jia-zheng;ZHANG Da-hai;ZHANG Yan-min;SHI Zuo-an;LIN Qun;TIAN Chang-ping;WANG Na;CHEN Xue-sen
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(1): 17-22.
• Abstract ( 1747 ) HTML ( 1613 ) PDF (325KB) ( 1613 ) 　　　
• In order to acquire basic data for genetic diversity in southern Xinjiang apricot and to supply scientific theory for the protection and utilization of these resources, aroma components, sugar, acid compositions and genetic diversity in 30 varieties of southern Xinjiang apricot and 4 north China apricot cultivars were studied by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC - MS) and capillary electrophoresis (CE). The results indicated that 9 classes such as esters, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and heterocycles including 213 compositions were identified in southern Xinjiang apricot fruits, and that southern Xinjiang apricot presented considerable genetic variations both in total classes of volatile components, in classes and contents of each compound classes and in segregation ratio and content of main components, which revealed significant difference between varieties and rich genetic diversity in the population. Alcohols and heterocycles contents in southern Xinjiang apricot were significantly higher than those in north China apricot while esters were remarkably lower than north China apricot. The variation coefficients of fructose, glucose, sucrose, malate and citrate in southern Xinjiang apricot were more than 29% , which revealed wider variation range and rich genetic diversity. The content of total sugar in southern Xinjiang apricot ( 146.58 mg·g- 1 ) was 2.23 times of that in north China apricot (65.73 mg·g- 1 ) and fructose in southern Xinjiang apricot (32.36 mg·g- 1 ) was 7.85 times of that in north China apricot ( 4.12 mg·g-1). Southern Xinjiang apricot belongs to malate / citrate type.
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• Analysis of Genetic Diversities in Apricot Cultivars ( Prunus armeniaca L. ) with Simple Sequence Repeat ( SSR) Markers
• ZHANG Shu-qing;L IU Dong-cheng;L IU Wei-sheng;ZHANG Ai-min;and LI Shao-hua
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(1): 23-30.
• Abstract ( 1637 ) HTML ( 1991 ) PDF (727KB) ( 1991 ) 　　　
• Twenty-five pairs of SSR primers from apricot, peach and almond were used to detect the genetic diversities in 6 apricot ( Prunus armeniaca L. ) varieties. The results showed that 284 alleles were detected by these primers, and 3 to 17 alleles could be detected with an average of 11.36 alleles for each primer. Revealed by NTSYS, the genetic similarity varied from 0.083 to 0.987, with an average of 0.370,which showed that the genetic diversity of Chinese apricot germplasm was abundant. The clustering results of UPGMA showed that the 66 varieties were clustered into 5 groups, which were basically consistent with traditional geographical classification. Most cultivars from Sichuan and Guizhou Province were clustered into one group which was far from other varieties, and indicates that there may be some special germplasm in this area. Our experiment proved that SSR markers from almond genome are transferable to apricot as well.
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• Studies on Cold Resistance of Different Macadamia Cultivars
• YUE Hai;L I Guo-hua;LI Guo-wei;CHEN L i-lan;KONG Guang-hong;LIANG Guo-ping
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(1): 31-38.
• Abstract ( 1932 ) HTML ( 1790 ) PDF (914KB) ( 1790 ) 　　　
• The seedlings of three macadamia cultivars were used as experimental material to study their cold resistance. The changes in leaf morphology, relative electric conductivity ( REC) , malondialdehyde(MDA) content, leaf chlorophyll content, free proline content, soluble protein content, and superoxide dismutase activity ( SOD) were measured to evaluate their resistance to low temperature stress. Three macadamia cultivar seedlings showed different degrees of leaf damage symptom. HAES900 produced more frozen spots than H2 and OC. The frozen spots close to leaf vein connected, leading to death of leaves and even the whole plant. H2 only showed slightest injury symptom with some browning spots on leaf epidermis. In OC and H2,under low temperature stress, MDA contents and REC increased significantly, while chlorophyll content decreased, with chlorophyll a decreased more significantly than chlorophyll b. However, with the increasing of content of MDA, free proline content and SOD activity increased, and MDA accumulation became very slow or downtrend. After low temperature stress was relieved, the physiological indexes tended to resume to the pre-cold level. For HAES900, after being exposed to low temperature treatment for three days, REC increased significantly, content of soluble protein began to decrease, and the activity of SOD decreased. With the elongation of cold stress (6 - 9 d) , irreversible physiological changes occurred. Even after the relieve of low temperature stress, no recovery change appeared in physiological index.
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Vegetables

• Mapping QTLs Conferring Salt Tolerance During Germination in Solanum pimpinellifolium Using AB-QTL
• PAN Ying;WANG Xiao-xuan;DU Yong-chen;HU Hong;GAO Jian-chang;GUO Yan-mei;DAI Shan-shu;ZHU De-wei
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(1): 39-46.
• Abstract ( 1897 ) HTML ( 1317 ) PDF (752KB) ( 1317 ) 　　　
• An advanced back-cross BC3 S1 population consisted of 280 individuals was constructed from the cross between Solanum lycopersicum 9706 and Solanum pimpinellifolium LA722 after large scale screening under salt stress during seed germination of each backcross family. One hundred and thirty one polymorphic markers including 26 CAPS, 66 SSR and 39 SRAP were used to construct a linkage map. Using germination index of 20, 24 and 28 d to detected QTLs respectively, and it confirmed that germination index of 24 d is the optimum index. A total of 11 favourable QTLs of salt tolerance were detected using MQM mapping methods, of which 8 QTLs were derived from salt-tolerant wild parents LA722. All significantQTL s accounted for 73.2% of the totlal phenotypic variation. Fifty eight families with high salt tolerance and favorable economic traits were obtained. Family 230-1 and 230-3 contained qST-8-1 locus, family 228-4 contained qST-9-2 locus, while 231-6, 210-7, 226-1, 226-6, 226-7, 204-7 contained both QTLs. These families had similar agronomic traits with 9706 and could be used as breeding materials.
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• Effects of Exogenous Nitric Oxide on Growth and Transcriptional Expressionof Antioxidant Enzyme mRNA in Toma to Seedlings under Copper Stress
• WANG Li-na;YANG Feng-juan;WANG Xiu-feng;SHI Qing-hua;WEI Min;HU Xiang-yang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(1): 47-52.
• Abstract ( 1902 ) HTML ( 1589 ) PDF (513KB) ( 1589 ) 　　　
• Heavy metal stress badly affect the crop growth and development, assuaging heavy metal stress to crop show important for crop yield. Here we investigated the effect of SNP ( sodium nitropprusside, an exogenous nitric oxide donor) on alleviating copper stress and regulating antioxidant gene transcriptional levelin liquid-culture tomato seedlings. Our results showed that copper at 0.5 mmol·L - 1 significantly suppressed the tomato seedlings growth including plant height, stem thickness, plant fresh weight and plant dryweight, as well as improved the transcriptional levels of antioxidant genes encoding peroxidase ( POD) , ascorbate peroxidase (APX) , superoxide dismutase ( SOD) and catalase (CAT). Exogenous application of 0.3 mmol·L - 1 SNP remarkably alleviated copper-inhibition to tomato growth and further enhanced these antioxidant genes transcription, however, additional L-NAME (Nω -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) , the special inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) obviously aggravated copper-induced inhibitory effect on tomato growth and reduced antioxidant enzyme gene transcrip tional level. Basing on these results we propose that tomato NOS enzyme-mediated NO is necessary for tomato responding to copper stress and NO application lessen copper stress to tomato growth via enhancing antioxidant enzyme gene transcriptional levels.
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• Effect of Grafting on Rhizospheric Soil Microorganisms and Leaf NR Activities of Eggplants
• ZHOU Bao-li;YIN Yu-ling;XU Yan;HAN Lu;YE Xue-ling;BAI Li-ping
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(1): 53-58.
• Abstract ( 1766 ) HTML ( 1369 ) PDF (315KB) ( 1369 ) 　　　
• The commonly grown eggplant ( Solanum melongena L. ) cultivar Xipan Lüqie was used as scion. It was grafted with a wild eggplant rootstock ( Solanum torvum ). Dynamic characteristics in microbe physiological groups, hydrolase activity in rhizopheric soil and nitrate reductase (NR ) activity of grafted eggplant leaves were studied. The relationships between microbial physiological groups, hydrolase activity in rhizopheric soil and leaves nitrate reductase (NR) activity were indicated. The relationship between nitrogen absorption and soil biological activities of grafted eggplants was discussed. Results showed that rhizopheric soil microbical physiological groups and hydrolase activity in grafted eggplants were higher in grafted eggplants than in self-rooted eggplants. However, these trends changed with different plant ages. The Leaves NR activity was increased with the plants ages and significant higher in grafted eggplants than in self-rooted eggplants. There were significant positive correlations between azotobacteria, nitrifying bacteria and urease activity in grafted eggplants. In conclusion, grafting increased the numbers of azotobacteria and nitrifying bacteria, urease activity in rhizopheric soil and NR in eggplant leaves.
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• Variation of Bioactive Compounds and Nutrients Among Different Organs ofBroccoli ( Brassica oleracea var. italica Planck)
• SUN Bo;XU Ying-jun;XU Tie-feng;YUAN Gao-feng;GUO Rong-fang;WANG Bing-liang;WANG Qiao-mei
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(1): 59-64.
• Abstract ( 2073 ) HTML ( 1856 ) PDF (321KB) ( 1856 ) 　　　
• The present study investigated the contents of bioactive compounds and nutrients, as well as antioxidant capacities in heads, stems, leaves and roots of mature broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Planck) plants. The results showed that the heads had the highest amounts of aliphatic glucosinolates, indole glucosinolates, total glucosinolates and glucoraphanin, which was one of the most potential anticarcinogenic glucosinolate identified thus far. The contents of gluconasturtiin, glucoerucin and 4-methoxyglucobrassicin in the roots were remarkably higher than those in the other organs. As for the nutrients, the broccoli heads contained markedly higher concentrations of soluble proteins, reducing sugars and soluble solids than those in the leaves, roots and stems. The highest contents of total phenols, L-ascorbic acid, chlorophyll and carotenoids, as well as antioxidant capacities were observed in leaves, and the significant differences existed between leaves and other organs. The leaves and roots of broccoli, which are rich sources of bioactive components, have great potential for producing health-promoting products and biological pesticides as raw materials.
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• Effects of ALA on Photosynthesis of Cucumber Seedlings under SuboptimalTemperature and Light Intensity
• LIU Yu-mei;;AI Xi-zhen;YU Xian-chang;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(1): 65-71.
• Abstract ( 1796 ) HTML ( 1698 ) PDF (768KB) ( 1698 ) 　　　
• To make clear the influence of ALA on cucumber photosynthesis under suboptimal temperature ( 18 ℃/12 ℃) and light intensity (300μmol·m- 2 ·s-1 ) , 015 mg·L - 1 ALA was applied by spraying, and the gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, activities of RuBPCase andFDPase were investigated. The results showed that suboptimal temperature and light intensity decreased the net photosynthetic rate ( Pn ) , stomatal conductance (Gs ) , carboxylation efficiency (CE ) , apparent quantum yield (AQY) , actual photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ (ΦPSⅡ ) , photochemical quenching ( qP ) , antenna transformation efficiency ( Fv ′/Fm ′) , and activities of RuBPCase and FDPase of cucumber seedlings, but increased the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci ). Furthermore, compared with the normal temperature and light intensity, suboptimal temperature and light intensity led to significant decrease in the light compensation point (LCP) and CO2 compensation point (CCP). while application of 015 mg·L - 1 ALA increased the Pn.Gs , CE, AQY, ΦPSⅡ , qP , Fv ′/Fm ′, and activities of RuBPCase and FDPase, decreased the Ci , LCP and CCP of cucumber seedlings under suboptimal temperature and light intensity. These data suggested that nonstomatal limitation was the main cause of the decrease of Pn , ALA p layed a positive role in alleviating the effect of suboptimal temperature and light intensity on photosynthesis of cucumber seedlings.
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Ornamental Plants

• Embryo and Integument Development of the Endangered Species Cypripedium macranthos Sw.
• ZHANG Yu;;;ZHANG Qi-xiang;ZHAO Shi-wei;LING Chun-ying;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(1): 72-76.
• Abstract ( 1829 ) HTML ( 1583 ) PDF (372KB) ( 1583 ) 　　　
• In this paper, the embryo and integuments development of Cypripedium macranthos, an endangered species in orchidaceae were studied. The anatomical features during embryo development of this species were observed under a Nikon bright field microscope in paraffin-section method. Different from that of some tropical orchids, after fertilization, the inner integument of this species remains during the whole process of seed development and a layer of impermeable endothelium is formed. It encloses the embryo tightly and possibly prevents water and nutrition from entering the embryo, thus preventing mature seeds from germinating in vitro.
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• Changes on Ethylene Release and ACC Content of Peony Flowers at DifferentDevelopment Stages
• SHI Guo-an;;GUO Xiang-feng;LI Chun-Li;;FAN Bing-you;SHI Jiang;BAO Man-zhu
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(1): 77-82.
• Abstract ( 1849 ) HTML ( 1668 ) PDF (537KB) ( 1668 ) 　　　
• Ethylene production rate and ACC content of peony ( Paeonia suffruticosa) flower of cultivar‘Huhong’were measured in eight different parts of peony flower, petal, pistil, stamen, receptacle, calyx, stem, petiole and leaf. The change pattern of ethylene production rate of intact flowers depended largely on petals. Receptacle and stamen were the main parts of ethylene production at the senescent stage. Peak of ethylene production rate from stamen occurred at the initial bloom stage. ACC content of petals decreased slowly at the flowering stage and increased rapidly at the senscent stage. ACC content of stem fell continuingly at the flowering and senescence stages. ACC content of petiole and leaf remained virtually unchanged in flowering process. The results indicated that the differences in ethylene and ACC content in various parts of flower played an important role in regulation of inflorescence and senescence, whereas the differences in transportation and distribution of ethylene and ACC existed among organs of peony flower.
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• Karylogical Study of Chinese Old Garden Roses
• JIAN Hong-ying;ZHANG Hao;WANG Qi-gang;TANG Kai-xue;LI Shu-fa;QIU Xian-qin;YAN Hui-jun;ZHANG Ting
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(1): 83-88.
• Abstract ( 2370 ) HTML ( 1606 ) PDF (1168KB) ( 1606 ) 　　　
• The karyological study on 11 cultivars of Chinese old garden roses such as Rosa‘Slaterps crimson China’was carried out by conventional pressed slice method. The results showed that: (1) The ploidy varied among culitvars. R. ‘Viridiflora’, R. ‘Yulinglong’, R. ‘Slaterps crimson China’and R. ‘Parsons Pink China’were diploid with 14 chromosomes (2n =2x =14). R‘ChunshuiLübo’and R. ‘Huzhongyue’were triploid with 21 chromosomes (2n = 3x = 21). R. ‘Dafugui’, R. ‘Jinfenlian’, R. ‘Juhongchao’, R. ‘Yingri Hehua’and R. ‘Sichun’were tetraploid with 28 chromosomes (2n = 4x = 28). (2) Among the cultivars, the absolute length of chromosomes ranged from 1μm to 3μm and the asymmetry index were between 56.560% and 60.376%. Except for R. ‘Sichun’and R. ‘Yingri Hehua’, no chromosome satellite was observed in the cells of other cultivars. (3) The karyotypes of R. ‘Chunshui Lübo’and R. ‘Huzhongyue’were both 1A with the same karyotype formula of 2n =3x =21 =3sm +18m. Those of R. ‘J infenlian’and R.‘Juhongchao’were both 1A and their karyotype formulas were 2n = 4x = 28 = 4 sm + 24m. With a karyotype formula of 2n = 4x = 28 = 2 sm + 26m, the karyotype of R‘Dafugui’was also 1A, while that of R. ‘Viridiflora’was 1B with 2n = 2x = 14 = 2sm + 12m being its karyotype formula. With the karyotype formula being 2n =4x =28 =4sm +22m +2m (SAT) , the karyotypes of R. ‘Sichun’and R. ‘Yingri Hehua’were both 1A. R. ‘Yulinglong’had the karytype of 1A and karyotype formula of 2n =2x =14 =2sm +12m. As far as R. ‘Parsonps Pink China’and R. ‘Slaterps crimson China’were concerned, their karyotypes were both 2A with a formula of 2n = 2x = 4 sm + 10m.
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• Variation of Microbial Biomass in Different Culture Media of Gerbera jamesoni at Different Growth and Developmental Periods
• XIE Zhi-chun;CHENG Zhi-hui;MENG Huan-wen;YU Yan-hui;XUE Shu-hao;LIU Xiao-yun
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(1): 89-96.
• Abstract ( 1867 ) HTML ( 1328 ) PDF (676KB) ( 1328 ) 　　　
• The variation of the kinds and the number of microbial biomass in 6 culture media with different proportion of fermented rice husk, corn straw, corn cob, peat and perlite grown with Gerbera jamesoni at different developmental periods was investigated under plastic tunnel conditions. The results showed that biomass of bacteria ranked the first in different medium formulas at different developmental periods of Gerbera jamesoni. The quantity of actinomycetes was the second, and fungus ranked the last. The quantity of bacteria and actinomycetes in the culture medium T1 ( the portion of rice husk, peat and sand was 3∶1∶1) , T2 ( the portion of rice husk, corn straw, peat and sand was 3∶2∶1∶1) and CK1 ( the portion of peat and perlite was 2∶1) reached a peak at leaf flourishing growing stage, and then decreased, rose again at flowering stage, and decreased again remarkably at flower withering stage. The quantity of bacteria and actinomycetes in the culture medium T2 , T1 and CK1 were 10.6 ×106 and 87.2 ×105 , 9.53 ×106 and 35.4 ×105 , 2.87 ×106 and 2.52 ×105 ·g- 1 dry media (DM) , respectively at leaf flourishing growing stage. The quantity of bacteria and actinomycetes appeared the increasing trend in the culture medium T3 ( the portion of rice husk, corn cob, peat and sand was 3∶2∶1∶1) , T4 ( the portion of rice husk, corn straw, corn cob, peat and sand was 2∶1∶1∶1∶1) and CK2 ( soil ) at leaf flourishing growing stage and flower budding stage, and reached a peak at flowering stage, but decreased rap idly at flower withering stage. The quantity of bacteria and actinomycetes in the culture medium T4 , T3 and CK2 were 12.31 ×106 and 48.69 ×105 , 10.74 ×106 and 38.64 ×105 ,2.91 ×106 and 7.75 ×105 ·g- 1DM, respectively at flowering stage. The fungal quantity in different culture medium formulas increased sharply at leaf flourishing growing stage, then decreased, and rose again at flowering stage, and reached a peak at flower withering stage. The fungal quantity at the peak stage in formula T2 was 4.16 ×104 ·g- 1DM which ranked the first; the next was 2.92 ×104 ·g- 1DM in formula T3 , and the least was 0.15 ×104 ·g- 1DM in CK2. Among all the culture media, there appeared less bacteria generally in the culture media with relatively large proportion of rice husk, more bacteria in media with more components and small proportion of rice husk, more actinomycetes in media with large proportion of corn straw, and more fungi in media with large proportion of corn straw or corn cob.
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Research Notes

• The Comparative Analysis on Phylloxera Resistance in Different Grape Species
• ZHAO Qing;DU Yuan-peng;WANG Zhao-shun;ZHAI Heng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(1): 97-102.
• Abstract ( 1828 ) HTML ( 1563 ) PDF (421KB) ( 1563 ) 　　　
• The resistance of 20 Vitis vin ifera varieties, 18 V. vinifera2V. labrusca varieties, 11 hybrides producteurs directs (HPD) , 6 grape rootstocks, 3 wild grapes and 1 hybrid of wild grape and V. vinifera to grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch ) were evaluated. The survival ratio, number of eggs,phylloxera and the tuberosity were evaluated. Results showed that the rootstocks RSB, Gravesac, 520A and 225R were immune to phylloxera infestation. Fercal, 1613C and the HPDswere resistant to phylloxera to some extent, whose tuberosities persent were less than 27%. Both Henan wild grape and V. adenocluda were highly sensitive to phylloxera, whose tuberosities were 66.25% and 56.67% and phylloxera produced 181.67 and 277.67 eggs on each of them; V. quinquangu laris had low resistance, whose tuberosities were 15.45% , its hybrid with a V. vinifera variety NW196 was sensible to phylloxera, whose tuberosities and egg number phylloxera produced were 46.13% and 55.28% higher than V. quinquangularis. It was concluded that grape of different varieties had different resistance to phylloxera, the resistance level not only depended on their parents but also depended on the proportion of each parents.
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• Direct Plant Regeneration from in Vitro Leaves of Chinese Jujube
• WANG Na;;LIU Meng-jun;QIN Zi-yu
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(1): 103-108.
• Abstract ( 1789 ) HTML ( 1283 ) PDF (221KB) ( 1283 ) 　　　
• A system of complete plantlet regeneration directly from in vitro leaf of Chinese jujube ( Ziziphus jujuba Mill. ‘Dongzao’) was established after investgating proper culture conditions. Carbon source plays a key role on direct shoot inducement from in vitro leaf and maltose is the proper carbon source. AgNO3 could significantly improve the shoot regeneration rate and increase the shoot numbers. Under the medium of MS supplemented with TDZ 1.0 mg ·L - 1 + AgNO3 1.0 mg ·L - 1 , the highest shoot regeneration rate (97.3%) and shoot numbers (14.4) were obtained. But maltose was not suitable for the subsequent shoot growth. Regenerated shoots were growed and proliferated on medium of MS + sucrose 40 g·L - 1 + agar 4 g·L - 1 +BA 110 mg·L - 1 + IBA 0.5 mg·L - 1 with multiplication coefficient of 3.2. The complete plantlets were obtained after the shoots were rooted on MS medium plus IBA 110 mg·L -1 with rooting rate of 87.3%.
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• Effects of Squash Silverleaf on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Chloroplast Ultra-structure of the Summer Squash Leaves
• HAO Shu-qin;LIU Shi-qi;ZHANG Zi-kun;GUO Yan-kui
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(1): 109-113.
• Abstract ( 1966 ) HTML ( 1216 ) PDF (383KB) ( 1216 ) 　　　
• Using shuofeng, one cultivar of summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L. ) , as material, silverleaf whitefly induced the silvering symptoms. The effect of squash silverleaf on photosynthetic rates ( Pn ) , stomatal conductance (Gs ) , intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci ) and chloroplast ultra-structure were studied. The Pn of silvered leaves was lower than that in the healthy leaves. The Gs of silvered leaves decreased but the Ci of silvered leaves increased. Chloroplast membrane was impaired, the size and number of chloroplasts decreased. The lamellae of the grana and stroma were disintegrated gradually. The size and number of starch grains decreased. The change of chloroplast ultra-structure may be the important cause of the decrease of chlorophyllcontent and photosynthetic rate.
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• In Vitro Culture of Different Explants and Plant Regeneration via Embryogenesis from Immature Cotyledons of Prunus mume
• NING Guo-gui;LüHai-yan;ZHANG Jun-wei;BAO Man-zhu
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(1): 114-120.
• Abstract ( 1807 ) HTML ( 1467 ) PDF (602KB) ( 1467 ) 　　　
• A comprehensive in vitro culture of different explants of Prunus mume,including leaves,petioles, stems and immature cotyledons, was investigated and the regeneration protocol for P. mume was developed via somatic embryogenesis in the culture of immature cotyledons. Mature tissues displayed strong recalcitrance to plant regeneration. Whereas 40.4% and 25.3% of immature cotyledons developed into somatic embryo with intervening callus phase in the media containing 1.0 mg L - 1BA, 1.0 mg·L - 1NAA and 1.0 mg·L - 1 IBA in cultivars of‘Xuemei’and‘Lüpe’respectively, which were higher than other media in which somatic embryo could be induced. Simultaneously, there was also other undesired morphogenic reaction occurring in the various media used. The secondary somatic embryos were proliferated from the primary ones with high yield when they were transferred to fresh media. The somatic embryos ( 26.7% in‘Lüpe’and 23.8% in‘Xuemei’) could convert into plantlets at a higher frequency in our studywhen cultured on 1 /2MS media supplemented with 0.5 mg·L - 1BA, 0.1 mg·L - 1 TDZ and 1.0 mg·L - 1 IBA. Regenerated plantlets were successfully established in soil and grew well in the greenhouse.
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• Identification of Parentage of Ornamental Crabapple Seedlings Using AFLPMarkers
• ZHAO Tian-tian;SHEN Hong-xiang;YAO Yun-cong;CAO Qing-qin;SONG Ting-ting
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(1): 121-128.
• Abstract ( 1852 ) HTML ( 1414 ) PDF (717KB) ( 1414 ) 　　　
• The polymorphism was analyzed by AFLP in 38 Ornamental Crabapple seedlings from female parent, Malus‘Royalty’, and 5 possible male parents. Results showed that the total 349 informative AFLP fragments were generated using the selected 9 EcoR Ⅰ - Mse Ⅰ p rimer combinations with high resolution capacity. Among them there were 303 polymorphic fragments with a polymorphism percentage of 86.8%. According to the characteristic bands of electrophoretogram and Cluster Analysis, the male parents of 19, 7 and 3 seedlings were identified to be Malus‘Jewelberry’, Malus spectabilis Borkh. and Malus‘Strawberry Parfait’respectively. The remnant 9 seedlings could not be confirmed or identified.
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• Cloning, Sequenc ing and Prokaryotic Expression of dfr from Dendrobium
• PAN Li-jing;ZHANG Miao-bin;FAN Gan-qun;CHEN Wei-ting;CAO You-pei
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(1): 129-134.
• Abstract ( 1871 ) HTML ( 1875 ) PDF (803KB) ( 1875 ) 　　　
• Dihydroflavonol 4-Reductase (DFR) plays a key role in the formation of different floral color.By using RT-PCR method, a dfr gene was cloned from Dendrobium and designated as Dendfr. The Dendfr gene was 1 164 bp in length and encoded 352 amino acid residues. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed that Den DFR sequence share homologies of 81% - 86% with three species of orchid, and share homologies of 56% - 72% with the other species. Den DFR protein contains a reserved NADP domain at the N-terminal and a specific 26 amino acid region of substrate specificity with an asparagine ( position 134 ) . The encoding region of Dendfr was constructed into pQE30 vector and effectively expressed the protein in E.coli. These will be helpful for studying molecular mechanism of floral color formation and genetic improvement of the Dendrobium.
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• Two Different Pathways for the High-efficiency Plant Regeneration of Gloxinia
• XU Quan-le;;XIE Yahong;LIU Wen-ting;RUAN Mei-yu;HU Xin;;JIA Hai-yan;WANG Chong-ying
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(1): 135-140.
• Abstract ( 2185 ) HTML ( 1490 ) PDF (446KB) ( 1490 ) 　　　
• Gloxinia was efficiently plant-regenerated using its leaf, petiole and root segements as explants via two different organ biogenesis pathways. In the first pathway, the three types of explants all first formed callus and adventitious buds on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) andα-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) , and the buds then produced roots after transformed onto the same medium.The optimal hormone combination was 2.0 mg·L - 1 BA + 0.2 mg·L - 1 NAA, at which 99.04% of the explants produced buds, 5.53 buds per explants at average, and 98.81%of the buds formed roots. In the second pathway, all the types of explants first produced callus and roots on MS medium with NAA alone, and the roots later formed buds on the same medium. The optimal NAA level was 1.0 mg·L - 1 , at which 90.38% of the explants produced buds, 2.44 shoots per explant on average, and 100% of the root then formed buds. The leaf explants appearred the best. In addition, some mutants with the changed phyllotaxy was found after generations of subcuture. This mutant may be very useful for studying the molecular genetic mechanism of plant phyllotaxis patterning.
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Review

• Research Progress on UDP-glycosyltransferases in Grape Secondary Metabolism Pathway
• WANG Jun;;YU Miao
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(1): 141-150.
• Abstract ( 2256 ) HTML ( 4050 ) PDF (375KB) ( 4050 ) 　　　
• Uridine diphosphate (UDP) glycosyltransferases (UGTs) catalyze the transfer of glycosyl residues from activated nucleotide sugars to a wide range of acceptor molecules ( aglycones) , thus regulating properties of the acceptors, such as bioactivity, solubility and transport within the cell and throughout the organism. Glycosylation is a widesp read modification in grape secondarymetabolism pathway. It is involved in various functions, including the biosynthesis and storage of secondary compounds. Here, we highlight recent progress in biochemistry and molecular biology characteristics of UGTs in grape secondary metabolism pathway. The prospect for further research of these glycosyltransferases was also discussed.
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New Cultivars

• A New Asian Pear Cultivar‘Yulü’
• QIN Zhong-qi;;LIU Xian-qin;;LI Xian-ming;;TU Jun-fan;;YANG Fu-chen;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(1): 151-152.
• Abstract ( 1739 ) HTML ( 1310 ) PDF (158KB) ( 1310 ) 　　　
• ‘Yulü’is a new cultivar from Asian pear ( Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) which selected from the cross combination of‘Cili’( P. bretschneideri Rehd. ‘Cili’) בTaibai’( P. pyrifolia Nakai‘Taibai’).The fruit ripens at the end of July to the beginning of August, and the fruit shape is near round with green skin. The average fruit weight is about 270 g, and the maximum weight could reach 434 g. The mean soluble solid content is 12.9% , the total acid content is 0.28% , and the vitamin C content is 42.7 mg·kg- 1. The flesh iswhite, fine and tender texture, juicy, and with balanced sweet-acid taste. This cultivar is precious,high and stable yield, and good resistant to diseases.
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• A New Early Pear Cultivar ‘Zao Jinsu’
• LI Jun-cai;LIU Cheng;WANG Jia-zhen;SUI Hong-tao;CAI Zhong-min
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(1): 153-154.
• Abstract ( 1439 ) HTML ( 1068 ) PDF (164KB) ( 1068 ) 　　　
• ‘Zao Jinsu’was bred from‘Zaosu’ and‘Jinshuisu’. It maturates at the early August in Xiongyue, Liaoning. Fruit is spindle and single fruit weight is 240 g with green-yellowish skin. Fruit peel is thin, and flesh is crisp with more juice and with less stone cells. It tastes sour-sweet. The soluble solid content is 10.8% , total sugar is 8.343%, the titratable acid is 0.252% , Vitamin C is 0.03372 mg·g- 1 , and firmness is 4.76 kg·cm- 2. The fruit quality is excellent. It bears early, with high fruit quality, high productive, and long harvest season. Fruit is resistant to bitter bit.
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• A New Apricot Cultivar Resistance to Coldness‘Wei Xuan 1’
• LI Yan-hui;GAO Lian-xiang;REN Shi-fu;FU Yun-lin;YANG Feng-lan;YANG Jian-min
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(1): 155-156.
• Abstract ( 1937 ) HTML ( 1140 ) PDF (207KB) ( 1140 ) 　　　
• ‘Wei Xuan 1’ is a new apricot cultivar resistence to coldnesskernel. The fruits are broad spherical in shape. The average single fruit mass is 13.6 g. The almonds are codate in shape and sweet flavour, average single almond mass is 0.93 g, kernel ratio is 33% - 35% , It is self-compatible. The fruits matured in the early and middle August inWeichang county of Hebei. The supercooling points of petals and young fruitwere - 613 ℃、- 417 ℃ respectively. It is suitable for planning in the areas of Three-North of China and the areas with similar climate.
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• A New Asparagus Bean Cultivar‘E Jiangdou 6’
• CHEN Chan-you;HU Zhi-hui;ZHAO Xin-chun;ZHANG Feng-yin;LEI Gang;ZENG Chang-li
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(1): 157-158.
• Abstract ( 1635 ) HTML ( 1285 ) PDF (203KB) ( 1285 ) 　　　
• ‘E Jiangdou 6’ is a new bred trailing cultivar. It is characterized by vigorous growth, elite quality, early maturity, high yield, insensetive to lightperiod and resistance to diseases. The pod is light green with about 58 cm long and 18 - 26 g in weight. It is suitable for early culture of protected fields or in the open in main asparagus growing region in China.
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• A New Watermelon Cultivar‘Lüzhixiu’
• SUN Shou-ru;ZHANG Ju-ping;MA Chang-sheng;ZHU Wei-ling;SUN Zhong-wei
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(1): 159-160.
• Abstract ( 2416 ) HTML ( 1171 ) PDF (176KB) ( 1171 ) 　　　
• ‘Lüzhixiu’ is a new mid-early maturing watermelon cultivar which is derived from the cross‘M210’ בL238’in 2002. It is suitable for cultivation in various parts of Henan Province. The whole growth period is about 100 days from sowing. The average fruit mass is about 8 kg, and the yield is 39.20 -46.60 t·hm- 2. The fruit is elliptical with mesh pattern and green skin. The flesh is bright red, with juicy and crisp. It tastes very sweet. The pericarp is thin but hard to crack. It is resistant to diseases and suitable for storing and transporting.
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• A New Hybrid Chieh-qua Cultivar‘Fengguan’with Disease Resistance andHigh Yield
• HE Xiao-ming;PENG Qing-wu;XIE Da-sen
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(1): 161-162.
• Abstract ( 1585 ) HTML ( 1052 ) PDF (246KB) ( 1052 ) 　　　
• ‘Fengguan’is a middle-early maturity hybrid of chieh-qua with disease-resistance ang high yield, It's developed by crossing‘Nan 3902’as a female parent with ‘shichang 0902’as a male parent. The hybrid grows strongly with resistance to Fusarium wilt and heat-tolerance. The fruit is in cylinder shape,22 - 24 cm in length and 6.5 cm in diameter, with hairy green skin. The white flesh is firm and mildly flavored, 1.4 cm in thickness. The hybrid is suitable for cultivation in south China, and common output amount is to 50 - 60 t·hm- 2.
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• A New Gourd Cultivar‘Yuepu 1’
• WU Tian-chan;DING Lan;LIAN Cai-yan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(1): 163-164.
• Abstract ( 1587 ) HTML ( 1111 ) PDF (186KB) ( 1111 ) 　　　
• ‘Yuepu 1’is an early-riping gourd hybrid. Its commercial fruit is rod-shape, light green,and densely coated with shortwhite pappos. The fruits are uniform in diameter, and they are about 25 - 35 cm in length and 5 - 7 cm in diameter. Its umbilical region is relatively flat and the fruit shoulder is slightly convex, and average fruitweight is 250 - 500 g. The fruit flesh is compact and it tastes sticky and soft with slight sweet flavor. It takes 95 - 105 days from sowing to first harvest in spring cultivation and 45 - 50 days in autumn cultivation. Its yield is usually more than 45.0 t·hm- 2 in spring and more than 22.5 t·hm- 2 in autumn.
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• A New Double-cropping Water Bamboo Cultivar‘Longjiao 2’
• SHEN Xue-gen;CHEN Jian-ming;XU Jie;YAO Liang-hong;ZHOU Jiansong;SHAO Da-wei
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(1): 165-166.
• Abstract ( 2645 ) HTML ( 1621 ) PDF (193KB) ( 1621 ) 　　　
• ‘Longjiao 2 ’ is a new double-cropp -ing water bamboo ( Zizania latifolia Turcz) cultivar developed from the mutation lines of indigenous variety‘Suozijiao’. Zizania plant has strong growth vigor and tiller ability, compact plant type, middle tolerant fertility and high resistance. Zizania was harvested in fall. It has late maturity, it was also strong tolerant to low temperature. It has large individual, glossy surface, fine and tendermeat quality, good commercial appearance. Gross harvested weight of Zizania in fall is 129.0 -148.4 g per each, net weight is 89.1 - 101.2 g per each, the yield is 22 395 - 25 335 kg·hm- 2 and average yield is 23 340 kg·hm- 2. Gross weight of Zizania harvested in summer is 142.7 - 158.2 g per each, net weight is 105.3 - 113.3 g per each, the yield is 44 145 - 46 260 kg·hm- 2 and mean yield is 44 790 kg·hm- 2.
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• New Chrysanthemum Cultivars‘Fanxingfen’and ‘Huoyan’
• WANG Jiang;DING Bing;LI Yu-hua
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(1): 167-168.
• Abstract ( 1471 ) HTML ( 1218 ) PDF (310KB) ( 1218 ) 　　　
• New chrysanthemum cultivars‘Fanxingfen’(‘Xiuzhenhong’ ×multifather)and‘Huoyan’(‘Qiuyan’ ×multifather) were selected from the groups of the hybrid plant which are grown from the seeds treated with physical induction. The flowers of‘Fanxingfen’hybrids show deep pink. The average number of flowers per plant was 426. The flowers of‘Huoyan’hybrids show colors in yellow-red and large flower diameter
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• A New Artemisia annua Cultivar‘Guihao 3’
• MA Xiao-jun;;WEI Shu-gen;FENG Shi-xin;DONG Qing-song;YAN Zhi-gang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(1): 169-170.
• Abstract ( 1666 ) HTML ( 1198 ) PDF (186KB) ( 1198 ) 　　　
• ‘Guihao 3 ’is a new Artemisia annua cultivar, which is derived from 72 germplasms by improved mass selecting. It has many excellent characteristics, such as high yield of 3 442.5kg·hm- 2 with 1.08% artemisinin content on average.
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