Fruit Trees

• Micromorphological Features of Fruit Epidermis of Malus in China and Their Relationship with Phylogenesis of the Genus
• ZHANG Li-li and YANG Xiao-hong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(10): 1549-1558.
• Abstract ( 1864 ) HTML ( 1292 ) PDF (1188KB) ( 1292 ) 　　　
• The micromorphological features of the epidermis cells of herbarium and fresh mature fruits of 21 Malus species in China were examined with a digital microscopy system and their relationship with the phylogenetic evolution of the genus was investigated. Interspecific differences，in different extents，were noticed in cell size，intercellular space，number of pits on the common cell wall of adjacent cells and pit breadth，and four patterns of epidermis cell arrangement were detected：radiation-like，annular，partly annular and obscurely annular. A comparative study of the micromorphological features of the fruit epidermis cells and their arrangement patterns based on the modified Langenfeld system for the phylogenesis of Malus suggested that the micromorphological features of the fruit epidermis cells in Malus evolved in the sequences of：small cell→big cell，narrow intercellular space→wide intercellular space，few pits→many pits，small pits→bigger pits and the phylogenetic evolution of the distribution pattern of fruit epidermis cells followed the sequence of：radiation-like pattern→annular pattern→partly annular pattern→obscurely annular pattern. The above results provide support to the Four-Section Theory in taxonomy of Malus. The phylogenetic direction of the four sections in Malus can be described as：Sect. Docyniopsis→Sect. Sorbomalus→Sect. Baccatus→Sect. Malus. It is，therefore，concluded that the micromorphological features of fruit epidermis cells can provide valuable information for the study of taxonomy and phylogenesis of Malus.
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• Studies on Composition and Content of Flavonoids in Fruit of‘Nagafu 2’Apple
• NIE Ji-yun;Lü De-guo;LI Jing;LIU Feng-Zhi;LI Hai-fei;XU Guo-feng;and WU Yong-long
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(10): 1559-1566.
• Abstract ( 2022 ) HTML ( 1551 ) PDF (308KB) ( 1551 ) 　　　
• Flavonoids in peel and pulp of‘Nagafu 2’apple were measured by RP-HPLC，and comparative studies on composition and content of flavonoids in‘Nagafu 2’apple from 6 producing areas were carried out. There were 16 flavonoids belonging to 4 groups in peel with total content 810.12–1 304.59 mg · kg-1，among which flavonols accounted for 58.3%–73.1%；There were 11 flavonoids belonging to 3 groups in pulp with total content 79.87–124.88 mg · kg-1，among which flavanols accounted for 67.5%–85.5%；All flavonoids，especially flavonols in pulp had very low content，which were only as much as 0.1%–3.1% of those in peel；Flavonoids in‘Nagafu 2’apple from one producing area were same as those in‘Nagafu 2’apple from another producing area，and the similarity of liquid chromatographic fingerprint of flavonols in peel of‘Nagafu 2’apple from different producing areas were up to 0.922–0.990；Content of flavonoids mostly indicated significant difference at P < 0.05 level between samples from different producing areas，sample from Baishui County of Shaanxi had the highest content in peel and the lowest content in pulp，sample from Changli County of Hebei and sample from Muping County of Shandong respectively had the lowest content in peel and the highest content in pulp；The average amount of flavonoids in single fruit were 35.14 mg，of which 41.3 % was in peel and 58.7% was in pulp.
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• Transforming Diseases-resistant Gene VpPR10 into Pear‘Dangshan Suli’and Optimization of the Transformation System
• MENG Hao-guang;;ZHANG Chao-hong;;and WANG Yue-jin;;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(10): 1567-1574.
• Abstract ( 1746 ) HTML ( 1221 ) PDF (412KB) ( 1221 ) 　　　
• To provide the basis for increasing the genetic transformation efficiency of Pyrus bretshneideri‘Dangshan Suli’，the VpPR10 gene，cloned from Chinese wild Vitis pseudoreticulata W. T. Wang，was introduced into pear genome and the optimum conditions of the genetic transformation system were also examined. The VpPR10 gene was constructed into the plant expression vector pWR-Ⅱ and the recombinant plasmid pWR-Ⅱ-VpPR10 was obtained；Then the pWR-Ⅱ-VpPR10 was introduced into the Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 by improved freeze-thaw method，and was transformed into leaf disc explants of Dangshan Suli via an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated system. The results showed that the suitable transformation conditions were 5 min infection time，0.5 bacterium concentration （OD600），100 μmol · L-1 Acetosyringone（AS），and 48 h co-cultivation in dark. The PCR，Southern blot and RT-PCR analysis results revealed that VpPR10 gene was successfully recombined into the genome of Dangshan Suli，and the rate of genetic transformation was 1.08%.
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• Cloning and Bioinformatics Analysis of ent-Kaurene Oxidase Gene PpKO in Pear（Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai）
• LI Jie-fa;TIAN Yi-ke;WANG Cai-hong;TIAN Wei;SONG Wei;and YIN Hao
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(10): 1575-1582.
• Abstract ( 1896 ) HTML ( 2159 ) PDF (1174KB) ( 2159 ) 　　　
• Ent-kaurene oxidase（KO）is a critical enzyme in the pathway of gibberellins biosynthesis. In this research，ent-kaurene oxidase gene in pear，designated as PpKO（GenBank accession number： HM003112），was isolated from‘Whangkeumbae’（Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai）stem apical tissue by homologous cloning and RACE technology. The full cDNA was 1 752 bp in length with an open reading frame（ORF）of 1 548 bp encoding a protein of 515 amino acids. Molecular weight and isoelectric point of the protein was 59.007 kD and 7.19，respectively. Amino acids homology analysis indicated that the sequence had 59.4%–95.9% similarity with those of other reported plants. Amino acids cluster analysis showed that KO from apple was clustered together with PpKO firstly，and followed by that from strawberry. Bioinformatics analysis exhibited that PpKO contained a core functional domain of cytochrome P450（FXXGXRXCXG）and transmembrane region near the N-terminus.
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• Inhibiting Effects of Metschnikowia zizyphicola Strain XY201 on Black Spot and Blue Mold of Fresh Jujube‘Dongzao’During Storage
• WANG Liang;XUE Meng-lin;SHI Jun-feng;ZHANG Xiao-yu;and WANG Chun-sheng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(10): 1583-1590.
• Abstract ( 1768 ) HTML ( 1318 ) PDF (301KB) ( 1318 ) 　　　
• The colonization of Metschnikowia zizyphicola strain XY201 on the surfaces and in the wounds of jujube‘Dongzao’fruits and the biological control of black spot and blue mold of postharvest jujubes by M. zizyphicola strain XY201 were studied. The results showed that the suspension of M. zizyphicola strain XY201 and its cooperation with sodium bicarbonate or Sportak had rapid population growing on the surfaces and in the wounds of fruits. In the conditions of 20 ℃，controlled atmosphere （CA/ 0 ℃）storage and modified atmosphere（MA/0 ℃）storage，the population of antagonistic yeast XY201 on the surfaces of fruits was 2.2 × 106–2.6 × 106（4 d after inoculated），6.3 × 105–9.7 × 105（60 d）and 4.0 × 105–1.1 × 106 CFU（75 d），respectively，which increased 34.3–57.0，15.2–25.5 and 4.8–20.3 times respectively compared to the inoculating start point. The population of antagonistic yeast XY201 in the wounds of fruits was 1.9 × 107–3.6 × 107（8 d），1.2 × 107–1.8 × 107（30 d）and 8.4 × 106–1.2 × 107 CFU（60 d），respectively，which increased 34.2–364.3，16.9–144.3 and 11.2–90.0 times than that of the inoculating start point，respectively. When M. zizyphicola strain XY201 at 1 × 108 CFU · mL-1 concentration was combined with 2% sodium bicarbonate or 50 mg · mL-1 Sportak，the colonization on the surfaces and in the wounds of jujube fruits was inhibited in the early period，then had no significant effect in the later period. When fruits were stored in the condition of CA（0 ℃，2%–8% O2 and 0% CO2），the suspending liquid of M. zizyphicola strain XY201 at 1 × 108 CFU · mL-1 concentration provided complete control of black spot，the disease rate decreased 52.5%–59.2%，the diameter of spot declined 5.9%–10.7%. The biological control of blue mold was not obvious，the disease rate only decreased 3.6%–6.1%，the diameter of spot declined 11.3%–19.0%.
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Vegetables

• Cloning and Expression Analysis of a Flowering-related MADS-box Gene in Pepper
• GUO Shuang;MA Ning;YANG Wen-cai;and SHEN Huo-lin;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(10): 1591-1597.
• Abstract ( 1793 ) HTML ( 1714 ) PDF (355KB) ( 1714 ) 　　　
• A flowering-related MADS-box gene named PPI was cloned from pepper anthers（Gen- Bank accession No. GU812276）using rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The full length cDNA of PPI was 952 bp with an open reading frame（ORF）encoding 215 amino acids. The deduced amino acids sequence contained a typical MADS domain and a K domain. Homology analysis showed that PPI had high homology to other MADS-box proteins from different species，especially 88% similarity to tomato TPI. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that PPI belonged to the MADS-box B subfamily. RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of PPI gene was much stronger in petals than in anthers，sepals or ovaries，and no transcription was detected in leaves.
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• Expression of Chilli veinal mottle virus Coat Protein and Preparation of a Virus-specific Antiserum
• WU Yu-peng;WANG Jian-hua;FENG Tuan-cheng;ZHANG Yu-liang;WANG Xiao-ming;and LIU Zhi-xin;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(10): 1598-1604.
• Abstract ( 1826 ) HTML ( 1494 ) PDF (492KB) ( 1494 ) 　　　
• The coat protein（CP）gene of Chilli veinal mottle virus Wenchang isolate（ChiVMV-WC）was amplified by RT-PCR，and cloned into the expression vectors pET-30b（+）. After the reading frame is confirmed by sequencing, the recombinant plasmid pET30b-ChiVMV CP was transferred into E. coli Rosetta（DE3）and the expression of the recombinant CP protein was then induced by IPTG. SDS-PAGE analysis showed a high level expression of the recombinant CP of about 38 kD. The fusion protein was then purified with Ni2+-NTA agarose affinity chromatography, and used to immune rabbits for antiserum preparation. Western blot analysis confirmed that the antiserum reacted strongly and specifically to the CP of ChiVMV-WC. The optimal titer of the antiserum in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ID-ELISA）was determined to be 1/106. ID-ELISA testing of a number of field samples demonstrated the sensitivity and specificity of the antiserum described in this paper.
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• Cloning and Analysis of the Promoter of SlIAA14 in Tomato
• LI Xiao-jing;CHEN Yin-hua;ZHANG Jun-hong;and YE Zhi-biao
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(10): 1605-1612.
• Abstract ( 1971 ) HTML ( 2319 ) PDF (651KB) ( 2319 ) 　　　
• Promoter analysis of SlIAA14 was carried out，to further study the expression profile of SlIAA14 and its regulatory mechanism in tomato root development. A 2 197 bp promoter fragment was cloned from tomato cultivar Ailsa Craig，using PCR-based genomic DNA walking. Several putative cis-elements responding to phytohormones（ABA，GA and CTK）and stress（dehydration and wounding）were predicted using online promoter analysis software. This promoter fragment was employed to drive YFP-GUS reporter genes，and was introduced into tomato using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. YFP and GUS activity was detected in tomato root tip and lateral root primordium，suggesting SlIAA14 gene might participate in the root elongation and lateral root initiation of tomato.
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• Induction of Microspores-derived Embryos and Calli from Anther Culture in Carrot
• ZHUANG Fei-yun;PEI Hong-xia;OU Cheng-gang;HU Hong;ZHAO Zhi-wei;and LI Jin-rong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(10): 1613-1620.
• Abstract ( 2202 ) HTML ( 1353 ) PDF (266KB) ( 1353 ) 　　　
• The influence of genotype，hormone，AgNO3 and low temperature (4 ℃) on anther culture of carrot (Daucus carota L.) was investigated with 7 open pollinated cultivars，10 inbred lines，16 F1 and 6 F2. Microspore embryogenesis occurred on six accessions and the highest frequency was 50071 with 3.89%. Thirty accessions formed the calli derived from microspores and 600Q6 had the highest frequency with 36.70%. On the B5 media with 2,4-D and NAA，all of four tested accessions formed the calli，and both of 50071 and 70Q67 formed the microspores-derived embryos，but none on the media with 6-BA and NAA. 50071 and 70Q67 were induced about 10.00% and 2.00% of embryos on the media with 8 mg · L-1 AgNO3，respectively. Low temperature was effective on some accessions to form embryos and calli. 50069 had the embryo ratio of 1% under the treatment of 1 d，and the callus ratio of 11.25% under the treatment of 2 d and 3 d，respectively. 70Q67 had the embryo ratio of 4.00% with 3 d treatment. About 93.39% plants were diploid among 121 plantlets regenerated from embryos with cytogenetic analysis，which was regarded as the result of spontaneous diploidization during anther culture.
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Ornamental Plants

• Changes in Flower Aroma Compounds of Cultivars of Chimonanthus praecox（L.）Link and at Different Stages Relative to Chimonanthus Tea Quality
• ZHOU Ji-rong;and NI De-jiang;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(10): 1621-1628.
• Abstract ( 1806 ) HTML ( 1324 ) PDF (270KB) ( 1324 ) 　　　
• Aroma compounds in flowers of four Chimonanthus praecox（L.）Link cultivars at different stages were analyzed using headspace solid-phase micoextraction in combination with gas chromatography- mass spectrometry，and the processing property of fresh flowers for chimonanthus tea was investigated through Organoleptic means. Results showed that the main aroma compounds in the cultivars were ocimene，alloocimene，benzyl acetate and methyl salicylate，which accounted for over 80% of the total aroma compounds. The number of aroma compounds in each cultivar underwent slight change from buds stage to blooming stage. However，the relative contents of terpenoids increased，and that of esters declined during flowering. The results also showed that the ratio of terpenoids to esters decreased with the increase in the number of purple whorls in the inner petals of the flowers，while it increased during the flowering process in each cultivar. Flavor patterns were similar between bud stage and bloom stage（over 0.990），which indicated that the aroma components did not change significantly during the flowering process. The aroma and taste of chimonanthus tea made with flower buds or with senescented flowers was thin，and the aroma of tea made with flowers of the cultivar having purple whorls in the inner petals lacked flowery flavor. These results suggested that cultivars with fewer purple whorls in the inner petals could be used for chimonanthus tea production，especially the flowers at full bloom.
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• Effects of Light Spectral Energy Distribution on Multiplication and Rooting of Chrysanthemum Plantlets in Vitro
• ZHANG Huan;XU Zhi-gang;CUI Jin;GU Ai-su;and GUO Yin-sheng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(10): 1629-1636.
• Abstract ( 1792 ) HTML ( 2315 ) PDF (251KB) ( 2315 ) 　　　
• The effects of different light spectral energy distribution of light-emitting diode（LED）on multiplication and rooting of chrysanthemum plantlets in vitro were studied. Fluorescent light was used as the control. The results showed that，red LED was in favour of enhancing plant height and internode length，and synthesizing soluble sugar，starch and carbohydrate；The content of chlorophyll b，chlorophyll a + b and carotenoid of shoots including content of amino acid of plantlets in vitro were significantly increased by blue LED；Complex of red，blue and yellow LED was not only suitable for differentiation and proliferation of shoots in vitro，but for pigment synthesis，growth and root vigor of plantlets in vitro. The results indicated that，as compared with fluorescent light，application of complex of red + blue + yellow LED was propitious to improve propagation coefficient，breed vigorous plantlets and decrease energy consumption.
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• Research on Substrates as Peat Substitute for Cut Flower Production of Oriental Lily
• FENG Bing;REN Shuang-ying;HUANG Lu;LIU Chun;and DONG Li;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(10): 1637-1644.
• Abstract ( 1786 ) HTML ( 1406 ) PDF (259KB) ( 1406 ) 　　　
• In order to reduce the use of peat as main substrate in lily cut flower production in China，Lilium ‘Siberia’ was used to investigate the possibility of using organic waste，including wheat-straw，corn stalk，coir dust，mushroom residue and bean pod as peat substitutes. The results indicated that the physical and chemical characters of three mixed substrates as V（peat）︰V（perlite）︰V（vermiculite）︰V（wheat-straw）= 5︰2︰1︰2，V（peat moss）︰V（perlite）︰V（sand）︰V（corn stalk）= 4︰2︰1︰3 and V（perlite）︰V（vermiculite）︰V（coir dust）︰V（sand）= 2︰2︰3︰3 meet the general requirements for soiless culture of lily. The integrated performance of the plants grown in the above mentioned 3 substrates during the growth and development was significantly better than the control，which is mainly employed in the present production of lily cut flower with as much as 70% of peat included. Plants in the treatment of V（peat moss）︰V（perlite）︰V（sand）︰V（corn stalk）= 4︰2︰1︰3 presented the best.
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Other Horticulture Plants

• Comparison in Contents of Endogenous Hormones and Polyamines in Female and Male Plants of Trichosanthes kirilowii
• LIU Yun;ZHONG Zhang-cheng;WANG Xiao-xue;XIE Jun;and YANG Wen-ying
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(10): 1645-1650.
• Abstract ( 1678 ) HTML ( 1308 ) PDF (213KB) ( 1308 ) 　　　
• The contents of endogenous hormones and polyamines in leaves were measured by HPLC in female and male plants of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim during their developmental stages. The results showed that great difference in endogenous hormones existed between female and male plants. The contents of IAA in female plants were always higher than those of male plants. However，the contents of ABA in female plants were always lower than those of male plants. During the vegetative growth stage，the contents of GA1/3 and ZR in male plants were higher than those of female plants，then the contents of GA1/3 and ZR both decreased rapidly during the reproductive growth stage of male plants. However，the contents of GA1/3 and ZR in female plants were continuously increased until the end of female’s vegetative growth and then also decreased rapidly. The Spd contents in female plants were significantly higher than those of male plants. The Spm contents in male plants were higher than those of female plants during the vegetative growth stage. However, no significant difference of Spm contents existed between male and female plants during the reproductive growth stage of female plants. The Put contents in male plants were significantly higher than those of female plants during the vegetative growth stage. However，the Put contents in female plants were significantly higher than those of male plants during the early reproductive growth stage of female plants，thereafter，the Put contents were decreased and had no difference between male and female plants during the late reproductive growth stage of female plants. The results suggested that high contents of IAA and high Spd were beneficial to the development of female flowers，while high levels of Put and Spm were beneficial to the development of male flowers. Polyamines decreased after flowering of female and male plants except Spd. While the difference of Put and Spm content was lesser at the late reproductive stage. These results demonstrated that polyamines were concerned with sex determination and differentiation of Trichosanthes kirilowii.
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Research Notes

• Analysis on the Genetic Diversity of 24 Longan（Dimocarpus longan）Accessions by SCoT Markers
• CHEN Hu;HE Xin-hua;;LUO Cong;ZHU Jian-hua;and LI Feng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(10): 1651-1654.
• Abstract ( 1849 ) HTML ( 2240 ) PDF (218KB) ( 2240 ) 　　　
• SCoT markers were used to study genetic diversity and relationship of 24 longan accessions. Twenty-four primers were screened from 80 SCoT primers and then used to amplify the genome DNAs of the accessions. Totally 211 SCoT loci were produced，including 181 polymorphic loci，with a polymorphism rate of 85.8%. The Jaccard genetic similarity coefficients among the accessions were calculated with NTSYS-pc2.10e software and the values were between 0.65 and 0.86. The results showed that there was relatively high genetic diversity among the accessions. The cluster analysis conducted with UPGMA showed that 24 accessions could be distinguished from each other and divided into two groups.
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• Effects of Different Morphology Magnesium on Yield and Quality of ‘Zaoshu 5’Chinese Cabbage
• HAN Dong-fang;;WANG De-han;HUANG Pei-zhao;DUAN Ji-xian;GE Ren-shan;and ZHOU Wei-li
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(10): 1655-1660.
• Abstract ( 1998 ) HTML ( 1177 ) PDF (166KB) ( 1177 ) 　　　
• The pot experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of supplement of compound fertilizer with different morphology magnesium on yield and quality of Chinese cabbage. Three kinds of morphology magnesium，magnesium sulfate（MgSO4），amino-acid chelated magnesium（Mg-AA） or ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid disodium magnesium（Mg-EDTA） was supplemented into the fertilizer with four levels of Mg application，namely 1，3，5 and 7 mg · kg-1. The supplement of Mg-EDTA can increase yield significantly by 46.6% with 7 mg · kg-1 Mg application. The quality was improved greatly with the supplement of Mg-AA with increasing the content of chlorophyll，soluble sugar，soluble protein and vitamin C. The application of MgSO4 could increase the yield by 34.5% with 5 mg · kg-1 Mg application and keep relatively high quality.
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• The Culture and Early Male Sterile Identification of Distant Hybrid Embryos Derived from Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. and Male Sterile Line in B. juncea
• WANG Tao-tao;CAI Xiao-feng;ZHANG Jun-hong;LI Han-xia;and YE Zhi-biao
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(10): 1661-1666.
• Abstract ( 1930 ) HTML ( 1448 ) PDF (706KB) ( 1448 ) 　　　
• The development of the distant hybrid embryos derived from Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. and male sterile line of B. juncea were investigated in this study. The results showed that the hybrid embryos began to abort in approximate 10 days after pollination. Some hybrid plantlets were obtained by using ovule rescue culture in vitro in MS media supplemented with 1 mg · L-1 BA，0.1 mg · L-1 NAA and activated charcoal. The development of anther in distant hybrid plants were examined using paraffin section，and the abortion was found in the differentiation stage of stamen primordium.
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• Establishment of Plantlet Regeneration System from Leaves Explants for Callistephus chinensis‘Bouquet Scarlet’
• ZHOU Suo;DU Li;CHU Xue-ying;and BAO Man-zhu;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(10): 1667-1672.
• Abstract ( 1770 ) HTML ( 1190 ) PDF (208KB) ( 1190 ) 　　　
• Some factors including plant growth regulator concentrations and combinations，illumination conditions and different additives were studied on Callistephus chinensis‘Bouquet Scarlet’leaves for plantlet regeneration. The results showed that：（1）Under light conditions，the appropriate medium for adventitious bud induction from leaves of C. chinensis‘Bouquet Scarlet’was MS + 3.0 mg · L-1 6-BA + 1.0 mg · L-1 IBA，the induction frequency was 56.7% and the adventitious bud number per explants was 3.3.（2）Although the adventitious buds from leaves didn’t benefit differentiate in darkness conditions，it was accelerate the formation of the leaf callus.（3）Some substances in the medium with proline，CH and NH4NO3 could promote the adventitious bud induction from calli. The suitable medium was MS + 1.0 mg · L-1 6-BA + 0.1 mg · L-1 IBA + 300 mg · L-1 proline，the induction frequency was 82.8% and the adventitious bud number per explants was 4.5.（4）On rooting induction medium（1/2MS + 0.10 mg · L-1 IBA），the rooting rates was 89.1% and the survial rates of regenerated plants was 89.3%.
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• Influence of Trampling Stress on Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics in Four Species of Landscape Ground Covers
• CHANG Le;XIA Yi-ping;LOU Jian-hua;and CHEN Jing-jue
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(10): 1673-1678.
• Abstract ( 1803 ) HTML ( 1327 ) PDF (369KB) ( 1327 ) 　　　
• Sedum lineare，Ophiopogon japonicus var. nana，Trachelospermum jasminoides and Euonymus fortunei var. radicans were used to investigate the plant growth and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics under trampling stress. The results showed that except for Sedum lineare，all the species behavioured well after trampling and in the next year. Under trampling stress，the color of minimal fluorescence（Fo）image got darker，and indicated a decline of chlorophyll content. The value of Fv/Fm was lower than that of untrampled ones. For Trachelospermum jasminoides and Euonymus fortunei var. radicans，qP and ETR were higher than untrampled ones，and NPQ was lower than them. While Sedum lineare and Ophiopogon japonicus var. nana showed different trend. Combined with the indicators，Trachelospermum jasminoides and Euonymus fortunei var. radicans which belonged to lines exhibited better trampling resistance than tufts like Sedum lineare and Ophiopogon japonicus var. nana. The chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics can be used in the assessing of trampling resistance.
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• Spore Propagation and Rejuvenation of Sphaeropteris lepifera
• MA Hong-na;LI Yang;TAN Long-yan;and LIU Bao-dong;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(10): 1679-1684.
• Abstract ( 1738 ) HTML ( 2591 ) PDF (449KB) ( 2591 ) 　　　
• Young sporophytes of Sphaeropteris lepifera were reproduced from spores，and which were rejuvenated artificially. The results indicated that light intensity between 60–80 μmol · m-2 · s-1，temperature at 25 ℃，pH 6.7 were better conditions for gametophyte development of S. lepifera. From the first sporophyte formed，the sporophytes were rejuvenated for seven months，when the height between pinna and ground could reach 50 cm，and the survival rate was above 95%.
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• Effects of Temperature and Light on Flower Bud Differentiation in Daphne odora var. marginata
• HUANG Dong-hua;ZHOU Chao-hua;SONG Xiao-min;TAO Xiu-hua;XIE Qi-xin;LI Bao-guang;and ZHAO Ping
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(10): 1685-1689.
• Abstract ( 2845 ) HTML ( 1358 ) PDF (264KB) ( 1358 ) 　　　
• The effects of temperature and light on flower bud differentiation of Daphne odora var. marginata were investigated. The results showed that temperature was a main factor affecting flower bud differentiation of Daphne odora var. marginata. Under 20–25 ℃ Daphne odora var. marginata could undergo the whole process of flower bud differentiation，while under 10–18 ℃ it could not undergo flower bud differentiation but just maintained the vegetative growth process. We also found that flower bud differentiation of Daphne odora var. marginata was insensitive to the photoperiod，but the indirect sunlight was more favorable for flower bud differentiation than the direct one.
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Review

• Research Progress on 2-phenylethanol Biosynthesis in Plants
• YANG Xiao;CHEN Fang;and LI Jing-ming
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(10): 1690-1694.
• Abstract ( 1694 ) HTML ( 1516 ) PDF (256KB) ( 1516 ) 　　　
• 2-Phenylethanol，with a pleasant fruit incense and honey incense，is not only an important aromatic compound in the fruits and flowers of many plants，but also possesses antimicrobial and insect-attractive properties. The present studies on 2-phenylethanol biosynthetic metabolism only focus on tomatoes，roses，petunia flowers，and the full-length genes encoding key enzymes of biosynthetic pathway have been cloned from tomatoes，roses and some other plants. In this paper，the latest progress in 2-phenylethanol biosynthesis is summarized and the research prospect in this field is analyzed.
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New Cultivars

• A New Late Ripening Apple Cultivar‘Yueping’
• LIU Zhi;WANG Dong-mei;ZHANG Jing-e;YAN Zhong-ye;Lü Tian-xing;YANG Feng;and YI Kai
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(10): 1695-1696.
• Abstract ( 1682 ) HTML ( 1053 ) PDF (204KB) ( 1053 ) 　　　
• ‘Yueping’is a new late ripening apple hybrid selected from‘Hanfu’בYueshuai’. Its fruit shape is conical，with the average fruit weight 295 g，the largest 545 g. The fruit skin is glossy，which has a yellowish green ground color covered with red blush. Its flesh is yellowish white，crisp，juicy，sour-sweet，palatable，aromatic and normal taste，with a firmness of 11.2 kg · cm-2，soluble solids content of 15.3%，titratable acid content of 0.22%，vitamin C content of 0.052 mg · g-1. Its S-genotype is S1S2. The basic fruit development and vegetative growth is 165 d and 220 d，respectively. The main characteristics are the apple ring rot disease resistance，cold resistance，long-storage，early-bearing and high yield.
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• A New Apple Cultivar‘Pingshuai’
• CHEN Dong-mei;YANG Feng-qiu;ZHAO Tong-sheng;LI Chun-min;ZHANG Xin-sheng;ZHAO Yong-bo;and FU You
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(10): 1697-1698.
• Abstract ( 1330 ) HTML ( 926 ) PDF (147KB) ( 926 ) 　　　
• ‘Pingshuai’is a new middle-late ripening apple cultivar derived from a cross ‘Xiangyanghong’בShengli’. The average single fruit weight is 203.2 g. Its shape is round and regular. Shape index is 0.84. It has a beautiful appearence with a deep red color. The skin is smooth，waxy and moderately thick. The fruit flesh is light-yellow crisp，juicy，with 8.7 kg · cm-2 firmness and 14.6% soluble solids content. It has high sugar，low acid contents and aromatic flavour. The fruit is easy to color up and suitable for cultivating without pocket. It has high resistance to diseases and strong adaptability.
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• A New Early-maturing Grape Cultivar‘Shennong Jinhuanghou’
• GUO Xiu-wu;GUO Yin-shan;LI Yi-hui;LI Cheng-xiang;GAO Xiu-yan;ZHOU Xing-ben;LI Kun;and SU Fu-zhi
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(10): 1699-170.
• Abstract ( 1902 ) HTML ( 1283 ) PDF (460KB) ( 1283 ) 　　　
• ‘Shennong Jinhuanghou’is an early-maturing cultivar derived from the self progenies of ‘87-1’. The berry is oval，golden yellow in color. Its fruit cluster weight is 856 g，and the average single berry weight is 7.6 g. The soluble solids and titratable acid contents are 16.6% and 0.37% respectively. The berry has high quality with a rose fragrance and a great taste. It ripens in late August in Shenyang. It has early bearing，high yield and strong disease resistance.
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• A New Zizyphus jujuba Mill. Cultivar‘Xiangzao 1’with Anti-crack
• YANG Jun-qiang;YANG Zi-min;YAN Feng-xue;YANG Xiao-juan;and WU Guo-lin;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(10): 1701-1702.
• Abstract ( 1811 ) HTML ( 1269 ) PDF (200KB) ( 1269 ) 　　　
• ‘Xiangzao 1’，a new cultivar of Chinese jujube（Ziziphus jujuba Mill.），is selected from the bud mutation of‘Xiangzao’in Yuncheng，Shanxi Province，which is better in synthetic characters. It shows a good prospect for commercial production because of its distinguishing feature，such as tidy large fruit，high yield，early fruiting，excellent quality，anti-crack，and good exterior appearance.
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• A New Chestnut Cultivar‘Linbao’
• QI Guo-hui;GUO Su-ping;ZHANG Xue-mei;LI Bao-guo;FENG Jun-min;and WU Hong-xia
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(10): 1703-1704.
• Abstract ( 1646 ) HTML ( 929 ) PDF (203KB) ( 929 ) 　　　
• ‘Linbao’is a new chestnut cultivar selected from Chinese chestnut population growing in Taihang Moutain in Xingtai. It had good characteristics，such as early fruiting，high yield，and strong resistance. Size of nuts is middle. The average fruit weight is 7.49 g. Kernel clour is white，the flesh is fine and sticky. The nuts are perfect for stir-frying. The yield of crown projection area is 1.158 kg · m-2. Its fruiting age is the second year after grafting. The suitable area to plant‘Linbao’is thickness layer and fertility sandy loam or sandy soil weathered by gneiss.
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• A New Chestnut Cultivar‘Yanjing’
• LIU Qing-xiang;KONG De-jun;and WANG Guang-peng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(10): 1705-1706.
• Abstract ( 1509 ) HTML ( 1066 ) PDF (184KB) ( 1066 ) 　　　
• ‘Yanjing’was selected from the seedlings of wild chestnut in Yanshan Mountain. It is a close planting chestnut cultivar. It has excellent characteristics such as high yield，good quality and resistance to barren. The average nut weight is 9.0 g. There are 2.4 nuts in every developed prickly bur. The nut skin is dark brown and looks beautiful. The flesh is yellow，sticky，fragrant and sweet，with a total sugar content of 15.2%，starch content of 46.1%，fats content of 2.11%，and protein content of 5.02%. The trees are adaptable to growing conditions and form female flowers easily. It ripens in mid-September in Hebei area.
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• A New Hot Pepper Cultivar‘Ganfenglaxian 101’for Both Dry and Fresh Fruit Production
• CHEN Xue-Jun;FANG Rong;ZHOU Kun-Hua;and MIAO Nan-sheng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(10): 1707-1708.
• Abstract ( 1355 ) HTML ( 1127 ) PDF (710KB) ( 1127 ) 　　　
• ‘Ganfenglaxian 101’is a new hot pepper hybrid for both dry and fresh fruit production. It grows moderately with compact plants and early maturing. It takes about 45 days from planting to harvest. The fruit is horn shaped，pungent，with deep green skin. The skin is bright red skin in maturity. The fruit is 19.5 cm long，0.4 cm wide，0.1 cm flesh thick. The average fruit mass is 15.1 g. The vitamin C content is 1.25 mg · g-1. The dry matter content is 12.0% in fruits. The yield of fresh fruit is about 30.0–37.5 t · hm-2，while the yield of dry hot pepper is up to 4.6 t · hm-2. It is resistant to diseases and tolerant to high temperature. Appropriate cultivation area is in the Yangtze River valley.
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• A New Cucumber Hybrid‘Zhongnong 29’
• GU Xing-fang;ZHANG Sheng-ping;WANG Ye;and XU Cai-qing
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(10): 1709-1710.
• Abstract ( 1528 ) HTML ( 1282 ) PDF (154KB) ( 1282 ) 　　　
• ‘Zhongnong 29’was developed by using double gynoecious lines female line 151G × male line 0559G. Fruits are short cylindrical with smooth and uniform shiny green color. The fruit is about 12–15 cm in length and 80–100 g in weight. The yield is about 150 t · hm-2. It is resistant to scab，fusarium，powdery mildew and downy mildew. Also it is tolerate to low temperature and weak light，which was suitable for protected cultivation.
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• A New Winter Gourd Cultivar‘Heiyou 2’
• XIE Da-sen;HE Xiao-ming;PENG Qing-wu;and ZHAO Qin
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(10): 1711-1712.
• Abstract ( 1974 ) HTML ( 1023 ) PDF (175KB) ( 1023 ) 　　　
• ‘Heiyou 2’is a new winter gourd hybrid developed by crossing lines B94-2-1-4 × B184-1-3-1. Fruits are long，deep green in color and thick white flesh inside. It is 64.5 cm in length，22 cm in diameter，6 cm in thickness. The average fruit weight is about 14.0 kg. The cultivar is tolerant to storage and transport，resistance to Fusarium wilt，moderate resistance to Phytophthora blight and CMV.
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• A New Early-maturing Melon Cultivar‘Ximi 3’
• DOU Hong-tao;CHEN Chong-jun;WU Yun-xia;XING Wen-yan;and ZHAO Chao-yi
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(10): 1713-1714.
• Abstract ( 1697 ) HTML ( 1061 ) PDF (147KB) ( 1061 ) 　　　
• ‘Ximi 3’is a early-maturing melon hybrid with high yield，superior quality and higher economic benefit. The whole fruit growth period is 85–90 d and the fruit developing period is 28–30 d. Fruit is a white regular spherical. The flesh is jacinth，thick，tender in texture，faint scent. The soluble solids content is 17.1%. The fruit weight is 800–1 000 g. It is resistant to downy mildew and tolerant to storage. The yield is up to 45 000–60 000 kg · hm-2.
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• A New Malus Crabapple Cultivar‘Baoxianghua’
• SHEN Hong-xiang;ZHANG Jie;JIN Kai-na;Kong Yun;and YAO Yun-cong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(10): 1715-1716.
• Abstract ( 1529 ) HTML ( 1482 ) PDF (177KB) ( 1482 ) 　　　
• ‘Baoxianghua’is a new Malus crabapple cultivar which is selected from the crossed progeny of M.‘Indian Magic’and unknown male parent. The cultivar has cylindrical crown and upright tree appearance. One year old branches are red-brown. Young leaves are brown red，mature leaves are dark green. Buds are purple，while blooming flowers are pink. The fruit is almost round with good uniformity，and its surface is smooth with yellow-green background and brown-red cover. The average fruit weight is 2.02 g. Flowering is stable and long. The color of flower is bright. The cultivar has strong resistance and high ornamental value.
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• A New Cajanus cajan Cultivar‘CAF2’
• MA Hong;LI Zheng-hong;LIU Xiu-xian;GU Yong;WAN You-ming;LI Li;and LIANG Ning
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2010, 37(10): 1717-1718.
• Abstract ( 1335 ) HTML ( 1132 ) PDF (216KB) ( 1132 ) 　　　
• ‘CAF2’is a new cultivar of Cajanus cajan，bred from offspring of F1 of hybrid pigeonpea cultivar‘ICPH3432’which was introduced from India. Single plant selection and group selection were applied into the breeding course. Its growth period ranges 197–202 days and average number of pod per plant is（597.8 ± 292.9）；Each pod contains（4.4 ± 0.4）beans；100-seed weight is（12.50 ± 1.04）g；Total seed weight per plant is up to（205.61 ± 121.76）g.
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