Fruit Trees

• Studies on the Relationship Among Photosynthetic Apparatus Operation，Xanthophylls Cycle and D1 Protein Turnover in Satsuma Mandarin Leaves Under High Temperature and Strong Light
• XU Jian-xu;ZHOU Hui-fen;QIU Cui-hua;GUO Yan-ping;JI Wei-wei;and JIAO Yun
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(2): 205-214.
• Abstract ( 1904 ) HTML ( 1573 ) PDF (380KB) ( 1573 ) 　　　
• The role of D1 protein turnover，xanthophylls cycle and electron transport in protecting photosynthetic apparatus against photodamage in two-year old Satsuma mandarin（Citrus unishiu Marc.） detached leaves were investigated by using chlorophyll fluorescence，Western-blotting and inhibitors. The results showed that the initial fluorescence（Fo）increased significantly in leaves when exposed to high temperature and strong light（40 ℃，2 000 μmol • m-2 • s-1）for 30 min，on the other hand，maximum fluorescence（Fm），non-photochemical quenching（NPQ），maximal photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ（Fv/Fm）declined，and the D1 protein was degraded. Under high temperature and strong light，reduced levels of Fv/Fm，Fm，ETR（electron transport rate），ΦPSⅡ（quantum yield of PSⅡ）and content of D1 protein were observed in dithiothreitol（DTT，xanthophylls cycle inhibitor）or lincomycin（D1 synthesis inhibitor）-fed leaves compared to non-fed ones. More severe decrease occurred in lincomycin-treated leaves than that in DTT-treated ones. After DCMU（an inhibitor of electron transport）was added onto leaves，under high temperature and strong light，Fo level increased by 78%，Fv/Fm value，while D1 protein content decreased by 33% and 83% respectively. These results suggest that the xanthophylls cycle and the D1 protein turnover might play important role in protecting photosynthetic apparatus of Satsuma mandarin leaves against photodamage，and the contribution of the D1 protein turnover to photo-protect is prior to xanthophylls cycle. From our results，it is apparent that the D1 protein turnover might depend on electron transport.
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• Studies on Genetic Tendency of Fruit Characters in Reciprocal Crosses Generation Between‘Jingbaili’and‘Yali’Pear Cultivars
• CUI Yan-bo;CHEN Hui;YUE Wen-quan;ZHANG Shu-jun;WU Tao;TAO Shu-tian;and ZHANG Shao-ling;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(2): 215-215–224.
• Abstract ( 1978 ) HTML ( 1080 ) PDF (191KB) ( 1080 ) 　　　
• ‘Jingbaili’，‘Yali’ pear cultivars and their F1 offspring of reciprocal crossing were used to study genetic tendency of some fruit characters. The results showed that，most of the fruit characters were quantitative and controlled by polygenic. Fruit size was observed to be smaller in F1 generation，with the average transmitting ability and average coefficient of variation as 77.14% and 38.26% respectively. Compared with parent’s fruit，increase of soluble solids and soluble sugar content were obtained together in the hybrid fruits，97.25% and 35.28%，higher than those of parents respectively basing on average values. Firmness and titratable acid also tended to be higher than parents，with the average transmitting ability and coefficient of variation as 123.81% and 51.1% respectively. Same for content of stone cells，it was significant higher in F1 generation，and the value of average transmitting ability was up to 182.62%. As regards the vitamin C content，fruit of F1 generation had opposite genetic tendency when‘Jingbaili’or‘Yali’was as pollen parent.
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• Comparative Study on Physiological and Biochemical Characteristic and Ultra-structure in Normal and Hyperhydric Shoots in Vitro of‘Huangguan’Pear
• CHANG You-hong;ZHANG Yu-jiao;LI Xiao-gang;LIN Jing;YANG Qing-song;WANG Zhong-hua;and WANG Hong-wei
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(2): 225-225–232.
• Abstract ( 1854 ) HTML ( 1003 ) PDF (499KB) ( 1003 ) 　　　
• In vitro shoots of‘Huangguan’pear（Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai）were selected as materials. Characteristics of propagation，physiology，biochemistry and ultra-structure were compared between normal and hyperhydric shoots. The results showed that proliferation ability of hyperhydric shoots was significantly lower than that of the normal shoots，the proliferated shoots derived from hyperhydric shoots were still hyperhydric and the degree of hyperdricity was increased. Compared to the normal shoots，the dry matter accumulation and starch content of hyperhydric shoots were decreased by 31.3% and 29.57% respectively，while the soluble sugar content increased by 13.92%. In addition，the contents of chlorophyll a，chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll in hyperhydric shoots were decreased by 40.16 %，43.24 % and 39.52 % respectively. Relative to normal shoots，hyperhydric shoots had higher contents of ZR，IAA，GA and the ratio of GA/IAA and ZR/IAA and significantly lower ratios of ZR/GA. Furthermore，the quality of chloroplast in hyperhydric shoots was lower than that in normal shoots，and chloroplast volume in the former was smaller than that in the latter. Moreover，the thylakoid stacked irregularly and the nucleus was deformed or missing in hyperhydric shoots. Taken together，these results suggest that the low content of carbohydrates，the disorder of endogenous hormone metabolism，the damage of photosynthetic structure，and the decrease in content of nuclear material in cells are the main features of hyperhydric shoots，which were the leading reasons for the decrease in proliferation ability of their offsprings.
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• Effects of Bagging on the Accumulation and Transformation of Photo- synthates in Apple Fruits
• HAO Yan-yan;REN Hong-wei;and GUO Ping-yi
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(2): 233-233–239.
• Abstract ( 2012 ) HTML ( 1182 ) PDF (259KB) ( 1182 ) 　　　
• The effects of bagging on the sink strength of Fuji apple fruit was studied in the same source-sink units established by girdling（the ratio of leaf number to a fruit was 40︰1）. The accumulation and metabolism of fruit carbohydrates were measured after bagging. The results showed that more sorbitol was accumulated in fruits 45 d after bagging than nonbagged fruits（control），but less starch，glucose，fructose and sucrose in bagged fruits. The activity of enzymes related to sugar metabolism such as sucrose synthase（SS），sucrose phosphate synthase（SPS），acid invertase（AI），sorbitol dehydrogenase（SDH）and amylase of bagged fruits was corresponded to decrease. The results indicated that metabolism of carbohydrates was inhibited in bagged fruits. It is suggested that sink vitality of fruits was declined by bagging.
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• Cloning,Subcellular Localization and Expression Analysis of SPL9 and SPL10 Genes from Grapevine
• CAO Xue;WANG Chen;FANG Jing-gui;YANG Guang;YU Hua-ping;and SONG Chang-nian
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(2): 240-240–250.
• Abstract ( 1872 ) HTML ( 1728 ) PDF (418KB) ( 1728 ) 　　　
• Firstly cloned two full length cDNAs of SPL9 and SPL10 SBPs（Squamosa promoter binding proteins）transcription factors from Summer Black（Vitis vinifera × V. labrusca）with accession No. of HM018600 and HM018601 deposited in GenBank database. The amino acid sequences of both genes had a putative nuclear localization signal sequence（KKSR），highly conserved SBP domains and the grapevine microRNA156a（Vv-miR156a）recognition sites. The sub-cellular location analysis using expression vectors of SPL9 and SPL10 constructed showed that they were both located in nucleus. The semi-quantitative and fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR were used to detect expression levels of Vv-SPL9，Vv-SPL10 and miR156a in different tissues of grapevine. The result showed that the two genes were expressed ubiquitously，but at different levels in different tissues. Their expression levels were the highest in small fruit，where miR156a was accumulated at a lowest level. The expression levels of the two genes showed some trade-off correlation with those of Vv-miRNA156a in various grapevine tissues，especially in the small fruit.
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• Genetic Diversity and Constituents of Fatty Acid in Almond Oil in Southern Xinjiang Apricot Cultivars
• SUN Jia-zheng;ZHANG Da-hai;ZHANG Yan-min;JIAO Juan;WANG Na;TIAN Chang-ping;and CHEN Xue-sen;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(2): 251-256.
• Abstract ( 2017 ) HTML ( 1391 ) PDF (234KB) ( 1391 ) 　　　
• In order to acquire basic data for genetic diversity in Southern Xinjiang apricot and to supply scientific theory for the protection and utilization of these resources，fatty acid compositions and genetic diversity in 30 varieties of Southern Xinjiang apricot and 4 North China apricot cultivars were studied by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry（GC–MS）. The results indicated that 15 fatty acid compositions such as oleic，linoleic，palmitoleic，palmitic，stearic were identified in almond oil in Southern Xinjiang apricot，and the contents of unsaturated acids were with in the range from 83.26% to 88.81%，and oleic were the highest，followed by linoleic and palmitic in all varieties，which included the excellent germplasm of “high oleic，high linoleic and low palmitic acids”. Plenty of unsaturated fatty acids were both in Southern Xinjiang apricot and North China apricot，and significant difference revealed in the contents of fatty acids between varieties，which the variation coefficients were with in the range from 6.37% to 49.38% and 3.44% to 79.57%. But the variation coefficients of the main fatty acids such as oleic and linoleic both were below 10%，which revealed modest variation range and certain genetic diversity.
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• Cytomorphological Observation on Sex Differentiation of Actinidia chinensis
• YANG Miao-xian;XIAO De-xing;LIANG Hong;and LIU Wen
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(2): 257-257–264.
• Abstract ( 1666 ) HTML ( 1734 ) PDF (2107KB) ( 1734 ) 　　　
• The developmental differences of the flowers between male and female plants of Actinidia chinensis were observed with paraffin section and scanning electron microscope（SEM）. The results showed that there was no any ovule primordium genesis in the ovary of male plant flowers，which ultimately resulted in their pistil infertility. The anther development and microsporogenesis on female plants were no obvious difference from the male plants until tetrad phase. The abnormal process of the microspore development or the male gametophyte formation finally lead to the female pollens abortion. The anthers from male plants had 4 pollen sacs and the tapetum was glandular. The microspore mother cell underwent simultaneous division and produced tetrahedral tetrads. The mature pollens in the anthers from male plants were ellipse and 2-celled type，with 3 germinating furrows.
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• Early Changes of Reactive Oxygen Species in 2,6-dichloroisonicotianic Acid Inducing Tolerance in Postharvest Banana Fruits
• HUANG Xue-mei;ZHANG Can;PANG Xue-qun;and ZHANG Zhao-qi;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(2): 265-265–272.
• Abstract ( 1963 ) HTML ( 1119 ) PDF (407KB) ( 1119 ) 　　　
• 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid（INA） induces plant tolerance to a wide spectrum of diseases. But whether the compound induced the deseases-tolerance in postharvest fruits and vegetables remains to be clarified. We investigated the effects of INA on diseases-tolerance in harvested banana（Musa AAA Group‘Brazil’）and the possible mechanism. The results showed that INA treatment effectively reduced the disease spot sizes on the peel of banana fruit when inoculated with spore suspension of Collectotrichum musae during 24 h after INA treatment and cultured for 8 d. H2O2，a type of reactive oxygen species（ROS），and the involved enzymes were analysed and it was found that the content of H2O2 and activity of NADPH oxidase，an enzyme catalyze the production of ROS，were stimulated at 3 h，6 h and 12 h after INA treatment，respectively. In addition，INA treatment decreased CAT and APX activities obviously，and suppressed the both genes expression to a certain extent. We also analysed the defence enzyme of chitinase（CHI）and found that activity of intro-CHI and extro-CHI were enhanced at 0–12 h and 0–24 h after INA treatment，espectively，and the expression of CHI1 and CHI2 genes were enhanced lightly at 3–6 h and 0–3 h after INA treatment，respectively. These results strongly suggest that elevated H2O2 levels，resulting from enhanced NADPH oxidase activity and suppressed CAT and APX activities，and the enhanced CHI activity are involved in the INA-induced disease tolerance.
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Vegetables

• Regulative Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Water Absorption and Expression of Aquaporin Genes in Tomato Under Salt Stress
• HE Zhong-qun;HE Chao-xing;YAN Yan;ZHANG Zhi-bin;WANG Huai-song;LI Huan-xiu;and TANG Hao-ru
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(2): 273-273–280.
• Abstract ( 2222 ) HTML ( 1683 ) PDF (259KB) ( 1683 ) 　　　
• Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on regulation of water absorption and expression of five aquaporin genes（LePIP1，LePIP2，LeTRAMP，LeAQP2，LeTIP）of root in arbuscular mycorrhizal tomato by realtime-PCR were studied under different NaCl stress（0.5%，1.0%）. Results showed that the growth of tomato was improved，as while relative water content，water potential and hydraulic conductance of root were increased by AMF inoculation under salt stress. Expression of five genes was induced by AMF and salinity jointly. Up-regulated expression of LeAQP2 gene and down-regulated of other four genes in root of AMF tomato were detected in contrast to non-AMF one. Accordingly，overexpression of LeAQP2 gene in root may be relation to enhanced hydraulic conductance induced by AMF.
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• Effect of 1-Methylcyclopropene on Chilling Injury of Tomato Fruit
• XIE Jing and LUO Zi-sheng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(2): 281-281–287.
• Abstract ( 2140 ) HTML ( 1090 ) PDF (293KB) ( 1090 ) 　　　
• In order to determine the effectiveness of 1-methylcyclopropene（1-MCP）on chilling injury and disease resistance of tomato fruit after cold storage. Green mature‘Zheza 205’tomato fruit was treated by 1 µL · L-1 1-MCP before being stored at 3 ℃ for 14 days then ripen at 20 ℃ for 16 days. The quality and physiology of tomato fruit were investigated. 1-MCP treatment not only promoted chilling injury and disease index，but also increased the activities of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase. 1-MCP treatment retarded the peak of ethylene and the increase of lycopene，maintained higher content of titratable acidity and firmness. The activities of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase were also inhibited by 1-MCP treatment. This study indicated that 1 µL · L-1 1-MCP delayed tomato fruit ripen，but promoted chilling injury and disease incidence，and showed that it could not be considered for commercial use in tomato fruit after cold storage.
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• Fine Mapping of the Root-knot Nematode Resistance Gene Me3 in Pepper
• XU Xiao-yan;LIU Feng;KANG Hou-xiang;ZHANG Zhu-qing;ZOU Xue-xiao;and XIE Bing-yan;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(2): 288-288–294.
• Abstract ( 2180 ) HTML ( 1163 ) PDF (540KB) ( 1163 ) 　　　
• The pepper（Capsicum annuum）resistant inbred line‘HDA149’with Me3 was used as male parent，and the susceptible inbred line‘8214’was used as female parent in the study. Mapping population included 2 133 F2 individuals. Bulked-segregant analysis with DNA pools，from susceptible or resistant F2 progenies，was performed to identify markers linked to Me3. There were 285 pairs of primers with polymorphism between two parents，but just SSCP_B322 and EPMS658 were polymorphic between the two bulks. Then F2 individuals were amplified with the two pairs of primers，recording data. Linkage analysis used JoinMap 3.0 software. The genetic distance of SSCP_B322 and EPMS658 was 0.56 cM and 1.33 cM respectively，and two markers were two sides of Me3 gene. They had been verified in BC1 group and F3 families，which has been practically useful to marker-assisted selection in pepper breeding and Me3 gene cloning.
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• QTL Analysis for Hypocotyl Traits of Cucumber Seedlings Under Low Light Stress
• ZHANG Guan-ying;SI Long-ting;and LI Dan-dan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(2): 295-295–302.
• Abstract ( 1986 ) HTML ( 1236 ) PDF (315KB) ( 1236 ) 　　　
• A linkage map of cucumber was constructed using 152 progenies of F2 generation derived from a cross between the low light stress tolerance line M22 and the low light sensitivity line M14 in the experiment. The effects of low light stress on the hypocotyl traits of cucumber were investigated in a set of 123 F2:3 lines in the seeding stage in the autumn of 2008 and spring of 2009. QTL analysis was undertaken on the basis of a genetic linkage map of the corresponding F2 population that was constructed using composite interval mapping. F2:3–based QTL analysis of the hypocotyl length and hypocotyl thick in the two environments revealed 15 QTLs were located in five linkage groups，i.e.，the 1st，2nd，4th，6th，and 7th，each accounted for 5.5%–19.8% of the phenotypic variation. In the autumn of 2008，the total phenotypic variation among the F2:3 lines accounted for by the QTLs for hypocotyl length and hypocotyl thick were 52.8% and 27.7%，respectively. In the spring of 2009，7 QTLs were identified，the total phenotypic variation were 34.6% and 34.7%，respectively.
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Ornamental Plants

• Respiration Rate and Endogenous Hormone Levels in Relation to the Flower Development of Tree Peonies
• SHI Guo-an;GUO Xang-feng;KONG Xiang-sheng;ZHANG Guo-hai;and BAO Man-zhu;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(2): 303-303–310.
• Abstract ( 1973 ) HTML ( 1138 ) PDF (283KB) ( 1138 ) 　　　
• Respiration rates and endogenous hormone levels were measured during florescence and senescence of Paeonia suffruticosa cultivars‘Luoyanghong’and‘Huhong’. The results showed that respiration rates of‘Luoyanghong’and‘Huhong’were characterized by a typical climacteric，exhibiting a peak of respiration rate at full-opening and middle-opening stage，respectively. It was found that a decline in the content of soluble proteins but an increase in anthocyanin in peony petals after opening. The contents of endogenous IAA，ZR and GA3 decreased，however，endogenous ABA accumulated in petal of peony during florescence and senescence. The change pattern of ethylene production in‘Luoyanghong’was like that of ethylene climacteric cut flower，while the change pattern of ethylene emission in‘Huhong’was like increase during later stage. The data suggest that senescence of peony petal can be attributed to metabolic unbalance of endogenous hormone levels during florescence and senescence.
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• Effect of Ethylene and 1-MCP on Ethylene Production and Related Gene Expression in Floral Tissues of Roses
• XUE Jing-qi;Yang Feng;ZUO Zhi-rui;and GAO Jun-ping;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(2): 311-311–316.
• Abstract ( 2284 ) HTML ( 1799 ) PDF (413KB) ( 1799 ) 　　　
• The effects of ethylene and its inhibitor，1-methylcyclopropene（1-MCP）treatments on the flower opening，ethylene production，and the expression of ethylene biosynthesis- and perception-related genes in cut rose‘Samantha’were investigated. The results showed that 1-MCP pre-treatment or post-treatment substantially inhibited ethylene-caused increase of ethylene production in petals，gynoecia，and receptacles. 1-MCP treatments also substantially inhibited the expression of Rh-ACS3，Rh-ACO1 and Rh-ETR3 genes in petals and gynoecia，but of only Rh-ETR3 in receptacles. The results indicated that the effect of competitive inhibition of 1-MCP on ethylene occurred mainly in petals，gynoecia and receptacles，and the effect was substantial，regardless the treatment was performed before or after ethylene treatment.
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• Cloning and Functional Research of an AGL6 Homologous Gene in Hybird of Cymbidium goeringii and Cymbidium hybirdium
• HU Li-xia;XU Jing;PANG Ji-liang;WANG Li-lin;WANG Hui-zhong;and YU Hong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(2): 317-317–326.
• Abstract ( 1705 ) HTML ( 1139 ) PDF (1464KB) ( 1139 ) 　　　
• Full-length cDNA of CgAGL6（GenBank accession number GQ265900）was cloned from the floral bud of hybird of Cymbidium goeringii and C. hybirdium by rapid amplification of cDNA ends（RACE）technology. The cDNA sequence harbored an open reading frame（ORF）encoding 242 amino acids. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that CgAGL6 has two conserved domains as other AGL6 proteins：MADS-box and K-box. CgAGL6 are similar to GenBank accession L46397（Zea mays），U78782（Oryza sativa）and M55554（Arabidopsis thaliana）with homology of 70%，70% and 61% respectively. Transgenic tobacco plants ectopically expressing CgAGL6 exhibited novel phenotypes with plant size reduced significantly，flowering early，widely homeotic conversion of stamens into petal-like structures，hypogenesis of pollen，number addition or reduction of petals. These results indicated that CgAGL6 was involved in the regulation of flower transition and flower organ development.
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• Establishment of Cell Suspension Culture and Plantlet Regeneration of Lilium regale
• JIANG Xin-chao;LIU Chun;MING Jun;MU Ding;and YUAN Su-xia
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(2): 327-327–334.
• Abstract ( 1788 ) HTML ( 1394 ) PDF (378KB) ( 1394 ) 　　　
• Cell suspension culture of Lilium regale Wils. were initiated from creamy-white nodular callus with loose structure. They were cultured in modified liquid MS medium（NH4NO3 with half-strength）supplemented with picloram 2.0 mg · L-1 and sucrose 30 g · L-1，and shook at 100 r · min-1 under dark condition at 25 ℃. About 10–20 days after，stably growing cell suspensioncultures were established. The growth pattern of the cultures was investigated and the optimal parameters were：0.5 g（FW）initial inoculum per 40 mL liquid medium，a sub-culture every 18 days，and 1/3 volume of old liquid medium left during subculture. Suspension cells regenerated plantlets on solid 1/2MS medium with 30 g · L-1 sucrose.
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• Effects of Two Kinds of Endophytic Fungi Infection on Water Stress of Seedlings of Chrysanthemum morifolium
• LIU Xiao-zhen;SONG Wen-ling;Zhang Kai;Ye Yu-cheng;and DAI Chuan-chao
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(2): 335-335–342.
• Abstract ( 2226 ) HTML ( 1303 ) PDF (208KB) ( 1303 ) 　　　
• The water stress was simulated to study the effect of the endophytic fungi Botrytis sp.（C1）or Chaetomium globosum（C4）on Chrysanthemum morifolium in the adverse circumstance. C. morifolium plantlets which were inoculated with C1，C4 and cultured 60 days in the pots were stressed by 30% PEG6000 solution. SOD activity，POD activity，PAL activity，root activity，MDA content and soluble protein content were determined at 0，3，6，9，12，15 days after treatments，and the biomass of C. morifolium were also determined at 15 days after treatment. The results showed that the biomass of C1，C4 group and the control reached 4.1，4.4 and 3.3 g respectively，and all treatments got significant deviation（P < 0.05）. With PEG treatment，the root activity and PAL activity of the control were more sensitive at the first period of PEG stress，while fungi treatment groups were stabled，and stress reactions were delayed by fungi treatment. MDA content of the two fungi treatments reached the peak values with PEG stress for 3 days，while the control continues increased and got the peak at 6 days with PEG treatment. When at the later period of the stress，root activity，PAL activity，and MDA content of all treatments had no significant deviation. POD activity and soluble protein content of all treatments were increased firstly and decreased then，but all treatments had no siginificant deviation. Endophytic fungi can increase the drought resistance of C. morifolium in a short period of water stress.
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Research Notes

• Cloning and Characterization of a Genic Male Sterility-related Gene BrLTP1 in Chinese Cabbage
• LIU Zhi-yong;YE Xue-ling;LI Cheng-yu;and FENG Hui
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(2): 343-343–352.
• Abstract ( 2080 ) HTML ( 1032 ) PDF (677KB) ( 1032 ) 　　　
• The gene differential expression analysis was performed by cDNA-AFLP in the genic male sterile line‘AB02’of Chinese cabbage，and a differentially expressed cDNA fragment，TDF-25，was only found in fertile plants. The full-length cDNA of BrLTP1，coding lipid transfer protein in Chinese cabbage，was amplified by RACE and RT-PCR. The BrLTP1 gene was 750 bp long in cDNA and hypothetical protein BrLTP1 included 183 amino acids with a signal peptide of 22 amino acids. Sequence analysis revealed that the BrLTP1 protein has ten N-myristoylation sites，two N-myristoylation sites，and one PKC phosphorylation site. Gene expression characteristics indicated that BrLTP1 was highly expressed in big flower buds and mature anthers of fertile plants，with a extremely low expression level in sterile buds.
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• Distribution of 45S rDNA Sequence on Chromosomes of Five Species in Artemisia
• LI Zhen;CHEN Su-mei;CHEN Fa-di;WANG Hai-bin;TANG Fang-ping;LIU Zhao-lei;and FANG Wei-min
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(2): 353-353–360.
• Abstract ( 1987 ) HTML ( 1403 ) PDF (997KB) ( 1403 ) 　　　
• Fluorescent in situ hybridization（FISH）was carried out to ascertain the distribution patterns of the 45S rDNA on chromosomes of five species in Artemisia. At mitotic metaphase in root tip cells，one pair of 45S rDNA loci was detected on chromosomes of A. absinthum Linn. Two pairs of signals were detected both in A. sieversiana Ehrhart ex Willd. and A. annua Linn. Four pairs of loci were detected both in A. abrotanum Linn. and A. japonica Thumb. A large part of sites were detected on the terminal regions on non-satellite chromosomes，besides one pair on subterminal regions，and the intensity of hybridization signals varied. Karyotype analysis based on FISH can not only provide stable and remarkable landmarks but also enrich the basic information on chromosomes.
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Review

• Characteristics of Chinese PCNA Types and Their Roles in Science and Industry of Oriental Persimmon
• YUAN Lu-xia;ZHANG Qing-lin;GUO Da-yong;and LUO Zheng-rong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(2): 361-361–370.
• Abstract ( 1776 ) HTML ( 1260 ) PDF (281KB) ( 1260 ) 　　　
• The oriental persimmon（Japanese persimmon or kaki），Diospyros kaki Thunb.，is believed to have originated in China. Pollination-constant and non-astringent persimmons native to China，simply called Chinese PCNA persimmons，are only distributed in Dabieshan Mountain around the junction of three provinces，Hubei，Henan and Anhui in central China. Here we review the studies of Chinese PCNA persimmons，including their cropping history，geographic distribution and some variations，especially the biological characteristics，the traits and rules of natural astringency-loss of fruit. In addition，it is also illustrated that Chinese PCNA persimmons played important roles in the researches on the origin and genetic relationship，the mechanism of natural astringency-loss，and the genetic breeding of the oriental persimmon in the world.
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• Research Advance in Regulation of Ethylene During Ripening and Senescence of Non-climacteric Fruit
• JIANG Tian-mei;YIN Xue-ren;WANG Ping;SUN Chong-de;XU Chang-jie;LI Xian;and CHEN Kun-song
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(2): 371-371–378.
• Abstract ( 2971 ) HTML ( 3235 ) PDF (283KB) ( 3235 ) 　　　
• Ethylene production in non-climacteric fruit is far lower than that of climacteric fruit，which led to the previous conclusion that ethylene played very limited role in regulating ripening and senescence of non-climacteric fruit since 1970s. However，due to the economical importance of many non-climacteric fruit such as citrus，strawberry，grape，loquat，etc，more research work have been reported for such fruit recently. Evident results show that many ripening related processes in non-climacteric fruit are also ethylene regulated，and non-climacteric fruit and climacteric fruit share some similar molecular regulation mechanisms during the changes of fruit quality. Research advance in regulation of ethylene during ripening and senescence of non-climacteric fruit are reviewed in this paper.
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• The Terpene Synthases and Regulation of Terpene Metabolism in Plants
• YUE Yue-chong and FAN Yan-ping
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(2): 379-379–388.
• Abstract ( 2210 ) HTML ( 4751 ) PDF (275KB) ( 4751 ) 　　　
• Terpenoids are important secondary metabolites in plants，which have important physiological and ecological functions as well as economic values. The terpene synthases including monoterpene synthases，sesquiterpene synthases and diterpene synthases，are critical enzymes for the formation of terpenoids. The metabolism of terpenes is characterized with tissure-specificity，which is regulated by developments and by biotic and abiotic factors as well. In addition，the components and contents of terpenoids in transgenic plants can be altered，to some extent，by using genetic engineering. This review mainly summarizes the recent research progress in structure，classification and metabolism of terpene synthases. The regulation of terpene metabolism is also discussed.
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New Cultivars

• A New Red Pear Cultivar‘Hongyue’
• LI Jun-cai;LIU Cheng;WANG Jia-zhen;CAI Zhong-min;and SHA Shou-feng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(2): 389-389–390.
• Abstract ( 1718 ) HTML ( 896 ) PDF (183KB) ( 896 ) 　　　
• ‘Hongyue’pear is bred by the cross‘Red Clapp’s’בApple-pear’. Fruit is conical and single fruit weigh is 245 g with red skin. Fruit skin is thin. Flesh is white and juicy after ripening. Flavor is sour-sweet with a little aroma，and less stone cell. The soluble solids content is 14.4%，total sugar conternt is 10.33%，titratable acid content is 0.34%，vitamin C content is 0.0248 mg · g-1. Fruit quality is high. It ripens in early September in Xiongyue，Liaoning. It is a variety with high and early productive，high quality，resistance to diseases and chilling.
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• A New Late Ripening Pear Cultivar‘Yusuli’Tolerate to Storage
• GUO Huang-ping;HAO Guo-wei;LI Xia-ming;ZHANG Xiao-wei;WANG Lu;and YANG Sheng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(2): 391-391–392.
• Abstract ( 1799 ) HTML ( 991 ) PDF (205KB) ( 991 ) 　　　
• ‘Yusuli’is breeded with female parent‘Dangshan suli’× male parent‘Zhuzuili’. It has length oval fruit，yellow-white peel and light ware surface. The average fruit weights 348 g. Its flesh is white，succulent and tasted sweet. The soluble solids content of fruit is 11%–13%. Furthermore，It is extremely resistant to storage. It ripens during late September in Jinzhong，Shanxi Province.
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• A New Mid-ripening Sweet Nectarine Cultivar‘Qinguang 8’
• HAN Ming-yu;ZHANG Man-rang;WANG An-zhu;TIAN Yu-ming;ZHAO Cai-ping;WANG Shu-li;and LIU Hang-kong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(2): 393-393–394 .
• Abstract ( 1909 ) HTML ( 988 ) PDF (176KB) ( 988 ) 　　　
• ‘Qinguang 8’nectarine（Pranus persica var. nectariana Maxim）is a new mid-ripening nectarine cultivar selected from cross-combination‘Qinguang 2’בShuguang’. The fruit development period is 105 days. The fruit shape is round. Its average fruit weight is 187.5 g，the biggest is 240 g. The fruit skin cover deep red color. The flesh is white with cling stone. It tastes sweet and rich flavor with very strong aroma. Soluble solids content is 15%. It has high yield .
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• A New Walnut Cultivar‘Longbaoxiang 1’
• ZHANG Hui-yuan;WANG Fa-lin;HE Yi-he;and TIAN Hui-ping
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(2): 395-395–396.
• Abstract ( 1901 ) HTML ( 999 ) PDF (178KB) ( 999 ) 　　　
• ‘Longbaoxiang 1’is a new high quality and late fruiting walnut cultivar selected from local walnut resources of Gansu Province. Its characteristics are thin shell，big fruit，high kernel percent，beautiful shape，high yield and strong stress resistance. The average fruit weight is 14.3 g. Walnut husk thickness is about 0.87 cm. The kernel fat content is 67.5%，kernel protein content is 20.8%.
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• A New Autumn Cabbage Hybrid Cultivar‘Zhonggan 96’with Fusarium Yellows Resistance and Crack Tolerance
• YANG Li-mei;FANG Zhi-yuan;LIU Yu-mei;ZHUANG Mu;ZHANG Yang-yong;SUN Pei-tian;Xie Bing-yan;YANG Yu-hong;and Lü Hong-hao
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(2): 397-397–398.
• Abstract ( 2084 ) HTML ( 1056 ) PDF (170KB) ( 1056 ) 　　　
• ‘Zhonggan 96’is a CMS hybrid between CMS96-100-312 and inbred line 96-109-266 with resistance against Fusarium yellows for the mid-early maturity autumn cabbage growing. It takes 70 days from transplant to harvest when planted in north area of China as the fall cabbage. It has round to semi-round head（head weight around 1.1 kg）and it is resistant to fusarium yellows，virus diseases，and black rot with heat tolerance and crack resistance. This is the first cabbage hybrid reported in public with Fusarium yellows resistance inside China and passed the approval of national identification. It is suitable for autumn cabbage planting in Beijing, Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, Zhejiang, etc.
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• A New Tomato Hybrid‘Keda 204’with Resistance to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus
• SONG Jian-jun;AI Peng-fei;LI Zhen-xia;QIU Yan;and LI Min
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(2): 399-399–400.
• Abstract ( 1986 ) HTML ( 954 ) PDF (149KB) ( 954 ) 　　　
• ‘Keda 204’is a new pink tomato hybrid resistant to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus（TYLCV），which is developed by crossing‘TP025-2’ב869-1’. The hybrid grows strongly with indeterminate plant type and mid-early maturity. The matured fruits are oblate in shape，pink in color with moderate firmness and good quality. The single fruit weight ranges from 200 g to 250 g. Especially，it is resistance to TYLCV，as well as fusarium wilt，leaf mould and TMV. The average yield of‘Keda 204’was 121.8 t · hm-2 as a result of multiple experiments. The hybrid is suitable for cultivation in early spring and late autumn under greenhouse conditions in northern China.
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• A New Cucumber Cultivar‘Wangshi’for Protected Cultivation
• LI Jian-wu;HU Jian-bin;WANG Lan-ju;SI Sheng-wei;and LIU Li-jun
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(2): 401-401–402.
• Abstract ( 1661 ) HTML ( 826 ) PDF (606KB) ( 826 ) 　　　
• ‘Wangshi’is a cucumber hybrid. The cultivar has strong growth vigor and moderate dark-green leaves. Fruits are produced mainly on the stem with the average per fruit 200 g weight，and the yield is 150 t · hm-2. The cultivar typically has long fruits（length/diameter ratio = 12）with dark-green epidermis，more tubercles and fine white spines. The fruit tastes very deliciously with about 10 kg · cm-2 fruit firmness. It is strongly resistant to powery mildew and wilt，moderately resistant to downy mildew. The cultivar is suitable in greenhouse and plastic channel in early spring and late-autumn in main cucumber production areas in China.
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• A New Cajanus cajan Cultivar‘CAF7’
• LIU Xiu-xian;LI Zheng-hong;MA Hong;WAN You-ming;GU Yong;LI Li;and LIANG Ning
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(2): 403-403–404.
• Abstract ( 1393 ) HTML ( 893 ) PDF (189KB) ( 893 ) 　　　
• ‘CAF7’is a new cultivar of Cajanus cajan，bred from endemic pigeonpea cultivars of Jingdong，Yunnan Province. Single plant selection and group selection were applied into the breeding course. Its growth period ranges 181–190 days and average number of pod per plant is（863.9 ± 354.5）；Each pod contains（4.7 ± 0.4）beans；100-seed weight is（7.74 ± 0.42）g；Total seed weight per plant is up to（83.20 ± 63.40）g.
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