Fruit Trees

• Evaluation of N Fertilizers Effects Based on the Expression of N Metabolic Genes
• WANG Jian1，LI Bing-rui1，LI Xiao-peng1，ZHU Xu-dong1，ZHU Chuan-gen2，and JIA Hai-feng1,*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(1): 1-14. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0298
• Abstract ( 429 ) HTML ( 1276 ) PDF (628KB) ( 1276 ) 　　　

• In order to study the influence of different types of N fertilizers on grapevine，grapevine cv. ‘Black Summer’（Vitis labruscana）trees were used as experiment materials and fertilizers foliar application trails were conducted in the flowering and veraison stages. The expression of five grapevine N metabolic genes，including VvGHD，VvNiR，VvNR，VvGS and VvAS were analyzed，some physiological traits including the flower and fruit dropping rate，leaves and shoots growth rate，chlorophyll content and the fruit size of grape were also investigated. The results showed that in general，the expression levels of the five N metabolic genes were increased after foliar applied different types of N fertilizers in the two periods. N metabolic genes showed similar expression patterns towards the same type of fertilizer in the two periods，but when foliar applied different types of N fertilizers，their expression patterns changed. Moreover，the N fertilizer which has stronger and longer influence on the N metabolic genes can enhance the physiology traits more dramatically. Given the gene expression levels and the changes of physiology traits，we can conclude that urea and ammonium nitrate have the best effect on grapevine；Calcium nitrate can help to reduce the flower and berry dropping rate；Ammonium sulphate and sodium nitrate have relatively poor effects on grapevine.

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• Identification of VvEXP Gene from Grape Roots Infected by Phylloxera and Preparation of Polyclonal Antibody to Grape Expansin
• JI Xing-long1，HAN Ning2，ZHAI Heng1，and DU Yuan-peng1,*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(1): 15-24. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0574
• Abstract ( 260 ) HTML ( 817 ) PDF (1199KB) ( 817 ) 　　　

• Based on qRT-PCR method，an expansin（VvEXPA1）was acquired and investigated from infected Crimson Seedless grape and 1103P grape rootstock in present study. VvEXPA1 was cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pET32a after identification by enzymatic digestion and sequencing，and then the recombinant plasmid with VvEXPA1 was transformed into E. coli DE3. The results showed that the protein was highly expressed in E. coli and the molecular weight of the recombinant protein was 41 kD. The specific antibody was prepared by immunizing rabbit with the purified protein，and then detected by Western-blotting and ELISA. Finally，the high specific antibody was obtained and the titers of anti-VvEXPA1 antibody were 1︰51 200.

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• Molecular ID Establishment of Apple Cultivars by TP-M13-SSR
• GAO Yuan，WANG Kun*，WANG Da-jiang，GONG Xin，LIU Li-jun，and LIU Feng-zhi
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(1): 25-37. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0324
• Abstract ( 320 ) HTML ( 1832 ) PDF (459KB) ( 1832 ) 　　　

• A total of 314 apple cultivars from 19 countries all over the world in the national pear and apple repository of Xingcheng were studied with tailed primer M13 microsatellite markers（TP-M13-SSR）. Analysis was made to establish the 314 apple cultivars molecular ID. The results showed that by using 16 selected SSR markers，357 alleles were detected with a mean value of 22.3 alleles. Based on number of alleles and Shannon’s information index，more and more loci were added to distinguish all the apple accessions，and finally six core primers at least were screened to establish germplasms molecular ID. Base on genetic fingerprints at six loci，loci that amplified by each marker were coded，then the code were combined as a molecular ID. Using barcode technology molecular ID can be transferred into barcode ID that can be scaned quickly by machine. Every apple germplasm obtain it’s special molecular ID. The purpose that using least primers distinguishes most apple germplasms has been come true.

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• Expression Analysis of Citrate Metabolic Related Genes in Late-ripening Mutant of Navel Orange and Its Wild Type
• FU Li-li，WU Ju-xun，and YI Hua-lin*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(1): 38-46. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0582
• Abstract ( 366 ) HTML ( 1098 ) PDF (363KB) ( 1098 ) 　　　

• ‘Fengwan’orange（Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck）is the spontaneous late-ripening mutant of ‘Fengjie 72-1’. The expression of citrate metabolic related genes during fruit four developmental stages of Fengwan and its wild type Fengjie 72-1 orange was analyzed by qRT-PCR and the results revealed that key genes of glycolysis metabolism in Fengjie 72-1 expressed higher than that in Fengwan. However，citrate biosynthesis genes，such as CsCS4，CsPEPC1，CsPEPC2，CsPEPC4，CsME1 and CsME4 expressed lower than that in Fengwan. Moreover，transcript levels of genes，such as CsACO1，CsGAD4 and CsGS1 involved in citrate degradation pathways were increased gradually during fruit late development，and the expression levels in Fengjie 72-1 were higer than that in Fengwan orange. Genes involved in synthesis and degradation metabolic pathways coordinately contribute to the different content of citric acid. Correlation analysis revealed that CsME1 and CsME4 may be key genes affecting the different content of citric acid between Fengwan orange and its wild type.

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• Validation of Male Sex-linked DlSx-AF4S Marker in Persimmon and F1 Progenies
• ZHANG Ping-xian1，HE Huan1，LUO Zheng-rong1,3，YANG Yong2，WANG Ren-zi2，and ZHANG Qing-lin1,3,*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(1): 47-54. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0368
• Abstract ( 370 ) HTML ( 785 ) PDF (313KB) ( 785 ) 　　　

• Most of commercial persimmon（Diospyros kaki Thunb.）cultivars bear only female flowers and are strongly parthenocarpic. It is necessary to develop a rapid technique for identifying and elimination of male progenies which has been regarded as an important strategy for enhancing breeding efficiency. Recently，a SCAR（Sequence Characterized Amplified Region）marker DlSx-AF4S，tightly related to male progeny has been developed from Date plum（D. lotus L.）. However，it remained undetermined whether this marker can be employed to identify Diospyros L. and its hybrids. In this study，phenotype observation and DlSx-AF4S genotyping were carried out using 268 accessions，including D. kaki，F1 progenies andsome related species. All of the D. kaki genotypes，with the exception of‘Luotian Tianshi’，‘Xingyi Shuishi’，‘Amahyakume’and‘Shangcheng Dongshi’，displayed consistent results between DlSx-AF4S amplification and sex phenotype. A total of 118 F1 progenies were produced from 11 crosses，among which 51 individuals had flowered. In the flowering plants，DlSx-AF4S profiles of 46（90.2%）plants were identical to the field observation of flower gender. The segregation of DlSx-AF4S in‘Huashi 1’× ‘Luotian Tianshi’F1 population fitted to 1︰1. High transferability of DlSx-AF4S was observed in other species related to D. kaki and D. lotus. Taken together，these results indicated that the DlSx-AF4S marker could be used to distinguish male plants from female ones of persimmon at an early stage.

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• Suppression and Sequence Variation of Citrus tristeza virus Genotypes by Citrus Cultivars
• TANG Meng，JIN Xin，ZHOU Chang-yong，LI Zhong-an，TAO Zhen-zhen，and ZHOU Yan*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(1): 55-60. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0482
• Abstract ( 210 ) HTML ( 678 ) PDF (252KB) ( 678 ) 　　　

• For the preliminary study on the suppression of Citrus tristeza virus（CTV）genotypes by different citrus cultivars. Four genotypes of CTV were graft-inoculated to‘Symons’Sweet orange，‘Mexican Lime’，‘Duncan’grapefruit and‘Chandler Pummelo’. The results of RT-qPCR showed that ‘Mexican Lime’was most suitable for the survival of these four CTV genotypes. The cope levels of VT，T3 and T36 genotypes in‘Duncan’grape fruit were much more lower than in other citrus cultivars. Furthermore，T36 genotype was reduced significantly by all of the citrus cultivars. Sequence analysis indicated that CP gene of VT genotype had frequent mutation in sweet orange.

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• Studies on the Pollen Xenia of Castanea henryi
• ZHANG Xu-hui，YUAN De-yi*，ZOU Feng，FAN Xiao-ming，TANG Jing，and ZHU Zhou-jun
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(1): 61-70. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0384
• Abstract ( 322 ) HTML ( 907 ) PDF (354KB) ( 907 ) 　　　

• The pollen xenia phenomenon not only affects the setting rate but also influences the appearance and quality of nuts. To elucidate this phenomenon，we investigated the pollen xenia effect in Castanea henryi，using the cultivars Huali 1，Huali 2，Huali 3 and Huangzhen as materials. Twenty combinations of self-，cross-，and natural pollination were undertaken in a Chenzhou chestnut orchard of Hunan Province. The results revealed that there were significant difference among the pollination combinations in terms of fruit ripening，fruit setting，size of the barbed shell and nut，soluble sugars，fats，proteins，amylose，and vitamin C，but that there were no significant differences with regard to seed rate，total starch，and moisture content. The fruit quality of the 20 pollination combinations was evaluated by subordinate function method of fruit，showed that Huali 2 × Huali 3 is the best combination，and Huangzhen × Huangzhen is the last one. Thus，the combination of Huali 2 × Huali 3 was the best choice.

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Vegetables

• The Combined Effects of Different TYLCV Resistant Genes and Temperatures on TYLCV Duplication
• LI Jia-wei*，LIN Ming*，HU Hong，WANG Xiao-xuan，GUO Yan-mei，HUANG Ze-jun，DU Yong-chen，and GAO Jian-chang**
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(1): 71-79. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0893
• Abstract ( 386 ) HTML ( 1163 ) PDF (353KB) ( 1163 ) 　　　

• Tomato yellow leaf curl disease（TYLCD）has already been a major constraint to tomato production in China. It is caused by Tomato yellow leaf curl virus（TYLCV）and several other begomoviruses. These begomoviruses replicate their genome quickly in tomato plants after infection and transport to whole plant to result in disease. Development of TYLCV resistance variety is economic and efficient way to control TYLCD. To provide theoretical bases to the breeding for TYLCV resistance，we detected the combined effects of different TYLCV resistance genes and temperatures on TYLCV replicate TYLCV in tomato lines with Ty-1/ Ty-3 was one thousandth of that in susceptible tomato lines. However，after infiltration of infectious clone TYLCV-IL [CN：SH2] using real-time PCR. TYLCV resistance genesTy-1/ Ty-3 acted inhibitory effect on TYLCV replication in solar greenhouse in spring. The amount of TYLCV in tomato lines with Ty-1/ Ty-3 was one thousandth of that in susceptible tomato lines. However the inhibition of Ty-1/ Ty-3 on TYLCV replication was decreased in solar greenhouse in autumn. The copy number of TYLCV in tomato materials with Ty-1/ Ty-3 and susceptible tomato materials showed a similar trend of variation. Similarly，under temperature treatments，Ty-1/ Ty-3 inhibited sharply the replication of TYLCV at low temperature，but not at high temperature. In contrast to Ty-1/ Ty-3，the inhibition of Ty-2 on the replication of TYLCV was more severe and stable. The amounts of TYLCV in tomato lines with Ty-2 were one ten-thousandth of that in susceptible tomato lines in solar greenhouse both in spring and in autumn. Furthermore，there were not addictive effect between the two genes（Ty-1 and Ty-2）or among the three genes（Ty-1，Ty-2 and Ty-3）.

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• Effects of Light Quality on Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism and Enzyme Activities in Tomato Seedlings
• SUN Na1，WEI Min1,2,*，LI Yan1,2，WANG Xiu-feng1,3，YANG Feng-juan1,3，and SHI Qing-hua1,2
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(1): 80-88. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0691
• Abstract ( 380 ) HTML ( 1196 ) PDF (348KB) ( 1196 ) 　　　

• The effects of different light quality[（white，red，blue，purple and red-blue（3︰1）] on growth and carbon-nitrogen metabolism in tomato seedlings were investigated by using LED lighting in a growth chamber. The results showed that：Compared with white light，purple light inhibited obviously the growth of seedlings，and red light suppressed the growth of roots，while red-blue light led to highest dry matter weight and seedling index；Pn，RuBP carboxylase activities，and contents of sugar and starch in leaves were lowest in purple light，however，highest in red-blue light. The activities of invertases were higher in both red and purple lighting. Red，blue，purple and red-blue light boosted the activities of sucrose synthase，however，red，blue，and purple light reduced the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase（SPS）. The activities of nitrate reductase（NR），glutamine synthetase（GS）and glutamate synthetase（GOGAT）were reduced significantly in red light，but activities of GS and GOGAT，and contents of soluble protein and free amino acid were remarkably improved in purple，blue and red-blue light. In conclusion，red-blue light is more suitable for growth of tomato seedlings，not only promoting carbon assimilation and accumulation of total sugar and starch，but also increasing enzyme activities of nitrogen metabolism and contents of soluble protein and free amino acids.

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• Molecular Identification on Mixed Infection of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus and Tomato chlorosis virus on Tomato in Jiangsu Province
• WU Shu-hua1，LI Ting-fang1，ZHAO Wen-hao1，CHENG Zhao-bang1，GUO Qing-yun4，ZHAO Tong-min2，YU Wen-gui2，ZHU Ye-qin3,*，and JI Ying-hua1,*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(1): 89-99. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0584
• Abstract ( 462 ) HTML ( 826 ) PDF (431KB) ( 826 ) 　　　

• In 2014，a routine survey of tomato yellow leaf curl disease in Jiangsu Province was carried out. Besides whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses，a whitefly-transmitted crinivirus was also detected in 17 tomato samples collected from Nanjing with symptoms of reduced leaf size or leaf curling and yellowing in the upper leaves and interveinal chlorosis and upward rolling and thickening in the lower leaves. Sequence analysis showed that the whitefly-transmitted geminivirus was an isolate of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus（TYLCV）and the whitefly-transmitted crinivirus was an isolate of Tomato chlorosis virus（ToCV）. The two viruses were also detected in Bemisia tabaci collected from the greenhouses.

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• Identification and Analysis of the Functional Compounds in Red Cabbage
• SONG Ya，YANG Jing，and ZHU Zhu-jun*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(1): 100-108. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0827
• Abstract ( 340 ) HTML ( 929 ) PDF (357KB) ( 929 ) 　　　

• The HPLC–DAD–ESI/MS method was used to analyze components and amounts of anthocyanins，glucosinolates（GS）and phenolic compounds in red cabbage（Brassica oleracea L. ssp. capitata f. rubra）. Totally 14 different anthocyanins were separated and identified in red cabbage. The total content of anthocyanins was 1 187.92 μg · g-1 FW and they were all cyanidins and derivatives. The main anthocyanins were cyanidin 3-feruloylsophoroside-5-glucoside，cyanidin 3-p-coumaroylsophoroside-5- glucoside and cyanidin 3-sophoroside-5-glucoside，accounting for 35.12%，26.76% and 14.27%. Content of total glucosinolates in red cabbage reached 6.39 μmol · g-1 FW. There were six aliphatic GS，three indole GS and one aromatic GS. Glucobrassicanapin，gluconapin，progoitrin and glucobrassicin as the major GS in red cabbage accounting for 40.76%，30.92%，11.39% and 7.38% respectively. Meanwhile，a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic coupled to ultraviolet detection（RP-HPLC/UV）method was developed for simultaneous determination of 17 phenolic compounds in red cabbage. Five phenolics and 6 flavonols identified by LC–ESI–MS further，and content of total phenolic compounds was 2 003.79 μg · g-1 FW. Ferulic acid and caffeic acid were the main phenolic acids，accounting for 10.62% and 10.41% respectively. Luteolin was the main flavonoids，accounting for 10.10%.

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Ornamental Plants

• Isolation and Expression Analysis of ERF Transcription Factor Genes in Tree Peony Cut Flowers
• WU Fan1，ZHANG Chao2，GUO Jia1，LIU Ai-qing3，and DONG Li1,*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(1): 109-120. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0499
• Abstract ( 354 ) HTML ( 904 ) PDF (1230KB) ( 904 ) 　　　

• Three Unigene sequences that share high homology with ERF protein involved in plant ethylene response were obtained from the petal transcriptome database of tree peony（Paeonia suffruticosa ‘Luoyanghong’）. Sequences of open reading frame in three ERF genes were amplified with designed specific primers using RACE and RT-PCR technology. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that PsERF1，PsERF2 and PsERF3 had a 1 158，747 and 609 bp open reading frame，encoding 383，248 and 202 amino acids，respectively. All the three proteins contained a typical AP2 domain conserved in AP2/ERF family transcription factors. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the three ERF transcription factors belong to B2，B1 and B3 group of ERF subfamily，respectively. An ethylene-sensitive cultivar‘Luoyanghong’and anethylene-insensitive cultivar‘Xueying Taohua’were selected to analyze the expression profiles of three ERF genes in different floral tissues（petals，stamens，pistils or sepals）and in petals of different developmental stages by quantitative real-time PCR. Comparing to other floral tissues，transcript of PsERF1 was the most abundant in petals of both cultivars，which increased during development of ‘Luoyanghong’cut flowers while decreased during that of‘Xueying Taohua’cut flowers，implying an important role of this gene in ethylene response of tree peony cut flowers. PsERF2 and PsERF3 might be involved in more than one signal pathway.

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Research Notes

• Studies of the Standard Range of the Soil Nutrients in Apple Orchard in Loess Plateau
• ZHANG Dong*，ZHENG Li-wei*，HAN Ming-yu**，GAO Chen-xi，LUO Wen-wen，and MA Juan-juan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(1): 121-131. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0347
• Abstract ( 434 ) HTML ( 868 ) PDF (304KB) ( 868 ) 　　　

• During the year 2012 and 2013，the nutrients of 108 typical Fuji orchards at 12 main producing areas in Loess Plateau were investigated and analysised. The results showed that the average soil organic matter，total nitrogen，total phosphorus，total potassium，available nitrogen，available phosphorus，available potassium，available calcium，phosphorus magnesium，available zinc and available iron is 11.9 g · kg-1，0.63 g · kg-1，1.12 g · kg-1，13.7 g · kg-1，77.7 mg · kg-1，26.9 mg · kg-1，259.7 mg · kg-1，4 681 mg · kg-1，121.3 mg · kg-1，1.24 mg · kg-1 and 7.89 mg · kg-1，respectively. Proposed the standard range of soil nutrients in apple orchard in Loess Plateau. The characteristics of soil nutrients were that the organic matter was insufficient，total nitrogen，total phosphorus and total potassium contentwere relative abundance，while the available nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium were insufficient；total nutrient content varied small，while Available nutrient content indicted great variation；similarly，macronutrient content showed a smaller variation while miro nutrient content performed adverse result. The problem of nutrient distribution imbalance in different areas and depth was serious. The content of soil nutrient existed significant differences among different producing areas. In Yan’an and Luochuan County，there were 9 and 5 nutrient factors in insufficient level，respectively；while it was preferable in Shaanxian of Henan Province. The results suggest that the soil management practices should be focused on improving soil organic matter and available nutrient content according to the local conditions，also moderately deep fertilization is needed，and the available soil nutrients at the depth of 20 to 60 cm should be increased.

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• Effects of Different Interstocks on Key Enzymes Activities and the Expression of Genes Related to Malic Acid Metabolism in Apple Fruit
• SHI Juan，LI Fang-fang，MA Hong，LI Zhong-yong，and XU Ji-zhong*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(1): 132-140. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0432
• Abstract ( 248 ) HTML ( 795 ) PDF (315KB) ( 795 ) 　　　

• In order to study the metabolism mechanism of malic aicd in apples on different interstocks，‘Red Fuji’apple trees grafted on three interstocks No.53，No.111 and No.236 were used as materials in this experiment，which were chosen from SH40 seedlings. The contents of malic acid，the enzymes activities and the expression of genes related to malic acid metabolism were analyzed during the fruit development. The results showed that the malic acid content in the ripe fruits on No.53 inter-stocks was higher than that of No.111. The NAD-MDH activities in Fuji apple on No.53 inter-stocks were higher than that of No.111 in the 30，40，100 and 160 day after full bloom，the PEPC activities in Fuji apple on No.53 inter-stocks were higher than that of No.111 in the 30 and 130 day after full bloom，and the NADP-ME activities in Fuji apple on No.111 inter-stocks was higher than that of No.53 in the 100 day after full bloom. The relative expression of NAD-MDH gene and NADP-ME gene in fruit on No.53 inter-stockswere higher than that of No.111 in the 100 day and 160 day after bloom. The relative expression of PEPC gene in fruit on No.53 inter-stock showed higher than that of No.111 in the 30 day and 160 day after full bloom. It was concluded that different interstocks influnced expression of genes related to malic acid synthesis and degradation firstly，then related enzymes activities would be regulated，and at last resulted in different malic acid contents in apple on different-inter stocks.

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• Cloning and Functional Analysis of a miRNA（Bra-miR07）Associated with the Regulation of Early Organ Development in Cauliflower
• ZHANG Qing-li1，JIN Chuan1，QIN Er-jun1，WANG Yu1，WU Mei1，LI Li-hong1，LI Hui2，CHEN Cheng-bin1，SONG Wen-qin1，and WANG Chun-guo1,*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(1): 141-150. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0855
• Abstract ( 353 ) HTML ( 887 ) PDF (1007KB) ( 887 ) 　　　

• In the previous study，a series of novel miRNAs that show significantly different expression in the early organ development of cauliflower were obtained by high-throughput sequencing. In the present study，a novel miRNA that showed different expression between cauliflower hypocotyl and cotyledon was named Bra-miR07 and further analyzed. The results indicated that the sequence length of Bra-miR07 precursor was 270 bp which can form the stable secondary hairpin structure. Bra-miR07 appeared higher expression in cauliflower cotyledon than that in hypocotyl. To further uncover the function of Bra-miR07，overexpression vector of Bra-miR07 was constructed and transferred into Arabidopsis thaliana by floral dip，and the Bra-miR07 overexpression transgenic plants were successfully obtained. Phenotypic analyses showed that overexpression of Bra-miR07 can significantly influence thegrowth and development of transgenic plants. Compared with wild-type Arabidopsis，Bra-miR07 transgenic plants showed slow growth，dwarf plant and lower fertility. Consequently，these results implied that Bra-miR07 may also play important roles in regulation of cauliflower organ development.

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• Detection of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus Infecting Wax Gourd in Guangdong Province and Genetic Variation of Its Coat Protein Gene
• ZHAO Qin1,*，XIE Da-sen1，HE Xiao-ming1，LI Hua-ping2，YOU Yi3，LUO Shao-bo1，and PENG Qing-wu1
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(1): 151-160. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0558
• Abstract ( 259 ) HTML ( 647 ) PDF (391KB) ( 647 ) 　　　

• Zucchini yellow mosaic virus was a common virus infecting wax gourd in Guangdong Province. Total RNA extraction methods of wax gourd leaves were compared，and then 76 wax gourd samples from 9 main production regions in Guangdong Province were collected and detected based onRT-PCR amplification of coat protein gene（cp）of ZYMV. The amplification products were sequenced and genetic variation analysis were carried out. The results showed that 24 samples were determined as positive with incidence ratio of 31.59%，sequence analysis revealed that full-length of ZYMV-cp of 16 isolates was 840 bp encoding a peptide with 279 amino acids. Further alignment analysis indicated that similarities of ZYMV-cp nucleotide acid and amino acid sequences ranged from 98.1% to 100% and from 96.1% to 100% respectively. The motifs of deduced amino acids sequences were conserved，all isolates contained 5 HLA sites（Human Leukocyte Antigen）and 1 N-glycosylation site expect GD121-9 with 2 additive HLA motifs. The CP protein of all isolates included conserved domain potyv_CP and DAG triple box（Asp-Ala-Gly）crucial for potyvirus transmission by aphid. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that all isolates were clustered into 7 genotypes，Guangdong isolates belonged to genotype I and contained 3 strains；All Guangdong isolates were further clustered into 3 groups with no obvious geographical differentiation. Generally ZYMV-cp in Guangdong isolates were conserved and had little molecular variation. This study determined the infection situation and genetic variation of coat protein gene of ZYMV isolates in Guangdong Province，and laid foundation for further pathogenicity research and antivirus genetic engineering.

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• Cloning and Expression Analysis of Temperature-induced Lipocalin in Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis
• DING An-qi1,*，FENG Ying2,*，ZHU Li-ying1，XU Shi-rong1，QIN Jun1，and PAN Dong-ming1,**
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(1): 161-167. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0505
• Abstract ( 395 ) HTML ( 761 ) PDF (540KB) ( 761 ) 　　　

• An encoding temperature-induced lipocalin（TIL）gene NtTIL was separated and cloning by PCR in Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis. The open reading frame of NtTIL was 567 bp，encoding a protein of 188 amino acids. Biological software for NtTIL protein analysis showed that：The gene belongs to lipocalin-2 superfamily gene family；typical domains deduced from amino acid sequence contained SCR1，SCR2 and SCR3 three of botanical lipocalin. It’s homology greater than wheat，Arabidopsis and other plants 75%. Sequence analyses revealed that this protein was stable and hydrophilic without signal peptides；transmembrane movement was from outside to inside in the outward N-terminus，then transmembrane. And the relative expression of this gene was surveyed by real-time quantitative PCR during different growth stage. The results showed that its relative expression during different growth stage was different；the NtTIL expression was low in bulb swelling stage，expression increased and then reduced in dormancy stage，and expression increased slightly in flower differentiation stage. In conclusion，itsuggested that NtTIL could play a role for regulation of bud dormancy in Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis.

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Technologies and Methods

• Detection of Citrus yellow vein clearing virus Based on a Real-time RT-PCR Approach
• CHEN Hong-ming1，ZHOU Yan1，WANG Xue-feng1，ZHOU Chang-yong1，YANG Xiu-yan2，and LI Zhong-an1,*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(1): 168-174. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0774
• Abstract ( 440 ) HTML ( 1238 ) PDF (315KB) ( 1238 ) 　　　

• To develop a rapid and reliable detection method，a real-time RT-PCR system based on SYBR GreenⅠwas established by using a pair of specific primers designed from conserved coat protein gene of Citrus yellow vein clearing virus（CYVCV）. The sensitivity，specificity and applicability of the system were evaluated accordingly. The results showed that amplicons were produced from CYVCV isolates，whereas no amplicons from non-CYVCV citrus virus samples including Citrus tristeza virus （CTV）and Citrus tatter leaf virus（CTLV）were obtained. The sensitivity of the real-time RT-PCR was 100-fold higher than that of conventional RT-PCR. An excellent linear correlation（R2 = 0.999）obtained from two standard curves of cRNA and the amplification efficiency was 102%. The data from field citrus samples detection showed that the real-time RT-PCR system could be used to determine the concentration of CYVCV in the different citrus species.

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• Determination of Six Plant Growth Regulators in Fruits by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatograph–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
• YAN Zhen，NIE Ji-yun*，XU Guo-feng，LI Hai-fei，LI Jing，LI Zhi-xia，WU Yong-long，and KUANG Li-xue
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(1): 175-182. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0413
• Abstract ( 397 ) HTML ( 798 ) PDF (363KB) ( 798 ) 　　　

• Six plant growth regulators frequently used in five fruits of apple，grape，peach，navel orange and kiwifruit were determined by UPLC–MS/MS including chlormequat chloride，GA3，forchlorfenuron，paclobutrazol，thidiazuron and 2,4-D. A modified QuEChERS method was used in pretreatment：Extracted with acetonitrile containing 1% acetic acid，cleaned up by the mixture of ODS and MgSO4. The detection was performed with electrospray ionization（ESI）using multiple reaction monitoring mode，and quantified by the external standard method. The result indicated that the calibrationcurves of six plant growth regulators were linear in the range of 1–100 μg · kg-1 with correlation coefficients over 0.999. The recoveries at four spiked concentration levels of 1，20，50，100 μg · kg-1 ranged from 60.77% to 119.43% and RSD were between 0.18% and 32.94%. The limits of detection（LOD）and limits of quantitation（LOQ）were 0.01–0.14 μg · kg-1 and 0.02–0.46 μg · kg-1 for apple，0.01–0.18 μg · kg-1 and 0.03–0.59 μg · kg-1 for grape，0.01–0.08 μg · kg-1 and 0.04–0.28 μg · kg-1 for kiwifruit，0.003–0.11 μg · kg-1 and 0.01–0.38 μg · kg-1 for peach，0.01–0.08 μg · kg-1 and 0.03–0.25 μg · kg-1 for navel orange，respectively.

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Review

• Research Advance in Tomato Parthenocarpy
• ZHANG Shao-li，SHAO Jing-cheng*，HU Zhi-feng，and WEI Bing-qiang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(1): 183-192. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0571
• Abstract ( 408 ) HTML ( 1052 ) PDF (326KB) ( 1052 ) 　　　

• In this review，the purpose is to provide a current supplement about the advances in parthenocarpic tomato（Lycopersicon esculentum），including the parthenocarpic tomato resources，evaluation and identification methods，endogenous hormones level，molecular mechanism and its application in breeding，and with emphasis on the latest molecular studies. The research trend of parthenocarpic tomato was put forward too.

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New Cultivars

• A New Red-fleshed Kiwifruit Cultivar‘Hongshi 1’
• WANG Li-hua，ZHENG Xiao-qin，ZHUANG Qi-guo，DONG Guan-yong，DING Jian，and LI Ming-zhang*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(1): 193-194. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-1075
• Abstract ( 502 ) HTML ( 644 ) PDF (139KB) ( 644 ) 　　　

• ‘Hongshi 1’is a new red-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar，which is selected from the crossing of‘Hongyang’בSF1998M’. The cultivar has a strong growth. The fruit shape is ellipsoid. Fruit size is large，with an average fruit weight of 85.5 g，and maximum weight of 95 g. The flesh color is yellow，ovary is bright red and radial. The average vitamin C content is 1.47 mg · g-1. The total sugar content is 12.01%. The total acid content is 1.30 g · kg-1. The soluble solids content is 17.6%，dry matter is 22.8%. The fruit taste is good，with sweet and sour balance，and good aroma.

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• A New Hybird Chestnut Cultivar‘Nanchui 5’
• ZHANG Shu-hang1，LI Ying1，LIU Qing-xiang1，LI Hai-shan2，and WANG Guang-peng1,*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(1): 195-196. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-1128
• Abstract ( 284 ) HTML ( 709 ) PDF (165KB) ( 709 ) 　　　

• ‘Nanchui 5’chestnut is derived from‘Chuizhi’בNangou 1’，which has opened tree form and large branches angle. The average nut weight is 12.51 g，the content of sugar，starch and protein is 19.52%，50.12% and 5.56%. The flesh of nut is fine and smooth. It has early fruiting and high yield characters. The new cultivar is appropriate to be planted in gentle slope hills and sandy land in north region of China.

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• A New Potherb Mustard Cultivar‘Yongxue 3’
• REN Xi-liang*，WANG Yu-hong，MENG Qiu-feng，and YANG Ming-gui
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(1): 197-198. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-1086
• Abstract ( 266 ) HTML ( 694 ) PDF (154KB) ( 694 ) 　　　

• ‘Yongxue 3’is a new potherb mustard hybrid. The cultivar is characterized by strong growth，light-green leaf，double serrate，leaf blade margin incised，glossy and no wax on the leaves. The average effective tiller number is 25. The fresh weight is 1.5 kg per plant and its total yield is about 90 t · hm-2. Its bolting tolerance is medium. It is resistant to virus disease. The processing quality of‘Yongxue 3’is good. The growth period is 105 days from sowing to harvest. The cultivar suits to be planted in the Yangtze River valley in autumn and winter.

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• A New Watermelon Cultivar‘Nongkeda 11’with High Resistance to Fusarium Wilt
• ZHANG Yong，MA Jian-xiang，and ZHANG Xian*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(1): 199-200. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-1114
• Abstract ( 475 ) HTML ( 619 ) PDF (155KB) ( 619 ) 　　　

• ‘Nongkeda 11’is a new early maturity and middle-type watermelon hybrid. The whole growth period is 110 d and the fruit development period is about 35 d in early spring. The fruit characterized by round shape，green pericarp with blackish green stripes for 1.1 cm thickness，red flesh color，crisp texture，good quality for 11%–12% sugar content in centery. The average fruit mass is 6.8 kg. The yield is about 60 t · hm-2. The cultivar is high resistance to Fusarium wilt and tolerance to stress. It is suitable for culture under protection in north of China in spring.

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