Review

• Regulation of Carotenoids Biosynthesis in Horticultural Crops
• GAO Hui-jun，MING Jia-qi，ZHANG Ya-juan，and XU Juan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(9): 1633-1648. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-0918
• Abstract ( 490 ) HTML ( 3092 ) PDF (357KB) ( 3092 ) 　　　

• Carotenoids are the most prevalent natural products. Horticultural crops are principal dietary sources of carotenoids，thus，the innovation of new germplasm packed with carotenoids becomes one of the long term focus for breeding goals. In this review，recent progress on precursor，linear carotenoids，cyclic carotenoids biosynthesis and other metabolism pathways were reviewed. Furthermore，the modulations of carotenoid production were divided into three levels：The direct regulation on structural genes in the biosynthetic pathway；The regulation through effects of transcription factors；The post- transcriptional control and the source-sink regulation. The transcription factors that directly involved in carotenoid biosynthesis and ripening process related but indirectly altered carotenoids profiles were also reviewed. It is believed that more new genes，transcription factors or modulations was to be discovered in the near future.

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• Advances in Research of the Mechanism of Transcription Factors Involving in Regulating Fruit Ripening and Senescence
• FAN Zhong-qi，KUANG Jian-fei，LU Wang-jin，and CHEN Jian-ye
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(9): 1649-1663. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0356
• Abstract ( 499 ) HTML ( 3046 ) PDF (307KB) ( 3046 ) 　　　
• Here，some ripening- and senescence-related transcription factors，as well as their regulation mechanism were reviewed，which will provide knowledge for expanding the transcriptional regulatory network of fruit ripening and senescence in the future.
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• Research Advances and Prospects of ABA in Fleshy Fruit
• ZHU Jun1,*，CHAI Lu2,*，HOU Bing-zhu2,*，SHEN Yuan-yue2，and GUO Jia-xuan2,**
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(9): 1664-1672. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0187
• Abstract ( 451 ) HTML ( 1370 ) PDF (238KB) ( 1370 ) 　　　
• This review summarizes abscisic acid（ABA）physiological function，metabolism and signaling transduction，and provides insight into the molecular mechanism of ABA from production to action. ABA accumulation in fruit is mainly regulated by four key enzymes，including NCEDs，CYP707As，GTs and BGs. In the processes of fruit ripening，ABA signal is perceived by some receptor proteins，such as PYRs，in turn is transmitted to the downstream transcription factors and cis-elements through protein reversible phosphorylation of ABI1 and SnRK2 to trigger the expression of the genes related to fruit ripening，such as softening，sugar accumulation and coloration. The molecular mechanisms of ABA in the regulation of fruit ripening and regulatory network of ABA，sugar and ethylene will be important research area in the future.
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• Research Advance on Biosynthesis and Regulation of Norisoprenoids in Grape Berry
• MENG Nan，LIU Bin，and PAN Qiu-hong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(9): 1673-1682. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0195
• Abstract ( 428 ) HTML ( 1499 ) PDF (469KB) ( 1499 ) 　　　
• Norisoprenoids are the main components constituting grape varietal aroma. Norisoprenoid compounds make a great contribution to aroma quality of grapes and wines owing to their extremely low perception threshold and pleasant floral fruit characteristics. The present paper summarized the composition of norisoprenoids in grape berries，the representative aroma attribute，the norisoprenoid biosynthesis pathway and the involving key enzymes，as well as the factors affecting norisoprenoid accumulation. The future research focuses in this field are considered on the regulation of key enzymes，transcription factors，the effect of cultivation measures and so on.
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• Historical Achievements and Frontier Advances in the Production and Research of Chinese Jujube（Ziziphus jujuba）in China
• LIU Meng-jun1,*，WANG Jiu-rui2，LIU Ping1，ZHAO Jin3，ZHAO Zhi-hui1，DAI Li1，LI Xian-song4，and LIU Zhi-guo1
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(9): 1683-1698. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0538
• Abstract ( 452 ) HTML ( 1809 ) PDF (405KB) ( 1809 ) 　　　
• Abundant technological experiences were accumulated in the long history of Chinese jujube（Ziziphus jujuba Mill.）production in China. Great modern research achievements of Chinese jujube had been made，four of them regarding cultivation，breeding and pest control won national science and technology awards. This paper described briefly the main achievements in domestication，breeding，cultivation，harvest，storage and processing during thousands of years of production practices before the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949，and the main advances after 1949 in the researches on genome and biotechnology，origin and evolution，germplasm，breeding，propagation and orchard construction，cultivation theory and technology，pest control theory and technology，postharvest handling，storage and processing. The scientific and technological counter measures for the sustainable and healthy development of Chinese jujube industry in the future were put forward on the basis of profound analysis ofnew situations，new challenges and important front problems faced by Chinese jujube production and research.
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• Research Development of the Differentiation and Control of Citrus Bacterial Canker Disease
• YAO Ting-shan，ZHOU Yan，and ZHOU Chang-yong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(9): 1699-1706. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0128
• Abstract ( 353 ) HTML ( 1864 ) PDF (258KB) ( 1864 ) 　　　
• Citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri（Xcc）is one of the most bacterial disease of citrus. In this paper，the taxonomic status of citrus canker bacteria，fungi and pathogenic mechanism of differentiation were summarized. Focusing on the research progress in the use of biological，serological and molecular methods to identify genetic variation canker，and introduced the disease control methods.
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• Progress on Bitter Principles and Its Biosynthesis in Bitter Gourd
• CUI Jun-jie，LI Bo，CHENG Jiao-wen，and HU Kai-lin
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(9): 1707-1718. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0537
• Abstract ( 346 ) HTML ( 3278 ) PDF (397KB) ( 3278 ) 　　　

• The bitter principles in bitter gourd belong to cucurbitane-type triterpenoids including two primary types：sapogenin and saponin，which have been proved to possess some medicinal value to humans. This paper reviews the advances of chemical structures and biosynthesis of the bitter compounds. We put forward a putative regulatory network for bitter principles biosynthesis in bitter gourd and suggested the research directions in future.

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• Advances on Research and Utilization of Elite Resistant Resource–Barbarea vulgaris
• LIU Tong-jin，ZHANG Xiao-hui，LI Xi-xiang*，SHEN Di，WANG Hai-ping，QIU Yang，and SONG Jiang-ping
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(9): 1719-1731. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0178
• Abstract ( 272 ) HTML ( 1391 ) PDF (378KB) ( 1391 ) 　　　
• Barbarea vulgaris is a biennial crucifer which can synthesize and accumulate saponins. It is an ideal model species for studying saponin biosynthesis，insect resistance and plant-insect co-evolution. In this paper，the research advances on B. vulgaris about the morphological and biological characteristics，evolution，insect-resistant related secondary metabolisms，effects of nutrition and environment on its insect resistance，the advantages as dead-end trap crops，gene mapping of insect-resistance genes were presented. The existing problems and the research orientation in the future were discussed. This review will provide the valuable information for the effective use of this wild species in pest management and genetic improvement of cruciferous crops.
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• Research Process on Molecular Bases of Flower Development and Quality- related Traits in Roses
• SHI Shao-chuan，WANG Fang，and LIU Qing-lin
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(9): 1732-1746. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-1143
• Abstract ( 511 ) HTML ( 1721 ) PDF (335KB) ( 1721 ) 　　　
• Recurrent blooming，double flower，petal color and fragrance，are important traits of ornamental plants including roses. Recent research progress of molecular mechanisms for rose genetics and development was commented according to the results of genetic mapping，gene cloning and transcriptome researches，with the traits as the main clue. It would provide reference to the molecular research on economic characters and the molecular breeding in ornamental plants.
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• Advances in Flower Color Mechanism of Lilium
• KONG Ying，DOU Xiao-ying，BAO Fang，LANG Li-xin，and BAI Jin-rong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(9): 1747-1759. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0103
• Abstract ( 445 ) HTML ( 1478 ) PDF (351KB) ( 1478 ) 　　　
• Lily flower colors are derived mainly from anthocyanins and carotenoids，and anthocyanins are the major pigment in pink and chocolate brown cultivars，whilst carotenoids in yellow and orange cultivars，and both anthocyanins and carotenoids contribute to red ones. The genetic mechanism and biosynthetic pathway of pigments are complicated in lily. It is documented that several genetic linkage maps of lily populations have been preliminarily constructed，and several quantitative trait locis related with flower color were also mapped. Many structural genes involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanin and carotenoid have been isolated and identified. The transcription factor LhMYB12 involved in anthocyanin pathway regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis and determines the presence or absence of anthocyanin pigmentation in tepals，its transcript level affects the intensity and pattern of anthocyanin color. The better understanding on pigment biosynthetic pathway is helpful for breeding to change flower color by engineering the pathways in lily cultivars.
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• Geographic Distribution and Population Characteristics of Osmanthus fragrans
• ZHAO Hong-bo1,*，HAO Ri-ming2，and HU Shao-qing3
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(9): 1760-1770. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-0939
• Abstract ( 968 ) HTML ( 1399 ) PDF (997KB) ( 1399 ) 　　　
• Wild germplasm of Osmanthus fragrans Lour. have rich morphologic and genetic variations. However，due to excessive exploration and utilization in recent decades，the distribution range，size and number of natural populations decreased rapidly，and the habitats fragmented seriously. According to some previous references，O. fragrans originated from the east of the Himalayas i.e. the Southeast of China including Sichuan，Yunnan and Guizhou provinces. However，along with the discovery of natural populations successively in Hunan，Fujian and Zhejiang provinces，the natural distribution of this species need to be re-considered. In this paper，combining amount of field investigation discoveries and previous references，the natural geographic distribution and population characteristics were summarized and raised，and the relationship between the origin of cultivars and wild germplasm was discussed. These will provide a reference for the protection and utilization of natural populations.
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• Research Progress in Influence Factors of Stem Bending of Cut Gerbera Flower
• WANG Xi1，XU Zhe2，LAI Qi-xian1，and CHEN Wen1,*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(9): 1771-1780. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0188
• Abstract ( 400 ) HTML ( 1152 ) PDF (294KB) ( 1152 ) 　　　
• Stem bending often occurs during the postharvest period of gerbera（Gerbera jamesonii）flowers，and is a major reason for postharvest loss of gerbera flowers. It has been reported that stem bending of cut gerbera flowers is coordinately regulated by various endogenous and exogenous cues. This paper reviewed the regulatory roles of four important factors of stem bending，including scape organization structure，substance metabolism，xylem blockage，as well as plant hormones. Based on this，the prospects in the future research on the relationship between influence factors and molecular mechanism of stem bending of cut gerbera flowers were also discussed.
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Research Notes

• Characteristics of Components and Contents of Soluble Sugars in Mature Fruits of Loquat Germplasm
• JIANG Ji-mou*，CHEN Xiu-ping*，HU Wen-shun，JIANG Fan，DENG Chao-jun，and ZHENG Shao-quan**
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(9): 1781-1788. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0075
• Abstract ( 626 ) HTML ( 968 ) PDF (245KB) ( 968 ) 　　　
• The aim of this work was to determine the contents and components of soluble sugars in mature fruits of 66 loquat germplasms using the high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）. The soluble sugars in loquat were comprised of fructose，glucose，sucrose and sorbitol. The content of fructose was the highest with a mean of 39.49 mg ? g-1 FW，and the content of sorbitol was the lowest with a mean of 3.03 mg ? g-1 FW. The variation coefficients of the contents and components of soluble sugars were 29.50%–71.95%，and the sequence was sorbitol > sucrose > glucose > fructose. The content of fructose ranged from 11.01–63.98 mg ? g-1 FW accounting for 19.01%–67.83% in the total sugar. The content of glucose ranged from 5.29–37.53 mg ? g-1 FW accounting for 7.18%–41.63% in the total sugar. The content of sucrose ranged from 1.10–55.92 mg ? g-1 FW accounting for 1.44%–69.72% in the total sugar.The content of sorbitol ranged from 0.64–11.90 mg ? g-1 FW accounting for 0.88%–12.21% in the total sugar. A significant difference of sugar component was found among different cultivars. And the ratios of fructose/glucose，fructose/sucrose and sucrose/glucose ranged from 1.12–3.62，0.27–43.85 and 0.05–8.75，respectively. Based on the UPGMA cluster，66 loquat germplasms could be classified into 2 major types or 5 species groups，which were significantly different among the contents of fructose，glucose and sucrose in mature fruits. Comprehensive analysis on the sugar accumulation modes of loquat germplasm resources could be divided into fructose accumulation-mode，hexose accumulation-mode and sucrose accumulation-mode.
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• Cloning and Expression Analysis of Cysteine Protease Gene CpCP from Papaya
• SHEN Yan-hong*，CHEN Xiao-jing，CAI Xue-ling，YE Yi-jiang，GENG Jiao-jiao，and YANG Fei-ying
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(9): 1789-1797. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0246
• Abstract ( 270 ) HTML ( 867 ) PDF (3505KB) ( 867 ) 　　　

• A polymorphic fragment associated with fruit ripening in papaya was obtained by cDNA-AFLP analysis and identified as a CP（Cysteine Protease）gene according to bioinformatic analysis. The sequence of open reading frame of CP was obtained from reference papaya genomic sequence in NCBI using the polymorphic fragment as a query. The full-length cDNA of CP was isolated from fruit （primers were designed according to open reading frame of CP），and the cloned gene was designated as CpCP（GenBank No.：JN689334）. Using bioinformatic analysis，this gene was identified as a member of the C1A gene subfamily of C1 Peptidase family，which encodes 471 amino acids and has active sites of Cys166-His302-Asn322. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that the expression level in fruits was the greatest，which has dozens of times than that in root，stem，leaf，and flower. In addition，the expression level was highly induced by ethylene and inhibited by 1-MCP. The expression pattern is consistent withthe fruit senescence process，indicating that CpCP is involved in the fruit senescence in papaya.

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• Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics of Pepper Seedlings Under Low Temperature and Weak Light and Their Relationship to Varieties Tolerance
• WANG Chun-ping1，HUANG Qi-zhong2，LEI Kai-rong1，Lü Zhong-hua2，JING Yi1，HUANG Ren-zhong2,*，LIN Qing1，and ZHENG Yong2,*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(9): 1798-1806. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0148
• Abstract ( 388 ) HTML ( 1288 ) PDF (378KB) ( 1288 ) 　　　
• Effects of low temperature（10 ℃/ 5 ℃）and weak light（70 μmol ? m-2 ? s-1）on chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of four pepper varieties at seedling stage were studied，and moreover，correlations between the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and chilling and weak-light resistance indexes were analyzed. The results indicated that minimal fluorescence（Fo），maximum fluorescence（Fm），maximum quantum yield of photosystem Ⅱ photochemistry（Fv/Fm）and photochemical quenching（qP）decreased after treatment. Non photochemical quenching（qN）significantly increased after 3 and 5 days treatment. After 7 days treatment，the qN significantly decreased in the sensitive varieties but significantly increased or didn’t changed significantly in the resistant varieties. Maximum electron transport rate（rETRmax）and initial slope（α）decreased in all varieties. The minimum saturating irradiance（Ik）declined in the sensitive varieties but increased in the resistant varieties. The qP continuously decreased along with increased light intensity，however，the light intensities of complete light inhibition of the resistant varieties were significantly higher than that of sensitive varieties. Significant correlations between Fo，Fm，Fv/Fm，qN，qP，rETRmax ，α，Ik and the chilling and weak-light resistance indexes were observed，and among these parameters，rETRmax was the most stable and sensitive one. In practice，rETRmax and the light responsive curve of qP could be used as primary tools for identification and screening chilling and weak-light tolerant pepper varieties.
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• A Comparative Study on Composition of Seed Oil Fatty Acids of Some Wild Populations of Paeonia decomposita
• YANG Yong1，LIU Jia-kun2,*，ZENG Xiu-li3，WU Yun2，SONG Hui-xing2，and LIU Guang-li2,**
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(9): 1807-1814. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0293
• Abstract ( 303 ) HTML ( 1195 ) PDF (249KB) ( 1195 ) 　　　
• Paeonia decomposita is potentially usable for developing oilseed peony，because of its large seed yield and obligate seed reproduction. We studied the 1 000-seed weight，kernel oil yield，composition and relative content of fatty acids in 7 wild populations，and measured their correlations with soil factors. The results showed that：Mean 1 000-seed weight was（311.65 ± 46.45）g；Mean kernel oil yield was 32.23% ± 1.96%，differences were significant among populations. Seven fatty acids were detected，including i.e. palmitic acid，heptadecanoic acid，stearic acid，oleic acid，linloeic acid，linolenic acid and cis-8-eicosenoic acid；Unsaturated fatty acids accounted for 91.94%–93.70%，the relative were different among populations. Soil available potassium content had significant negative correlation with oil yield；Both soil organic matter and total nitrogen content had negative correlation with linloeicacid content. There was no significant correlation between soil factors and other oil constituents.
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• Life Table Analysis of Population Between Two Allopatric Subspecies of Paeonia rockii
• ZHANG Qing-yu，ZHANG Yan-long*，NIU Li-xin，ZHANG Xiao-xiao，and SI Bing
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(9): 1815-1822. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-1118
• Abstract ( 177 ) HTML ( 1097 ) PDF (293KB) ( 1097 ) 　　　
• Numeric dynamics of Paeonia rockii ssp. atava population in Tongchuan of Ziwu Mountains and Paeonia rockii ssp. rockii population in Baoji of Qinling Mountains，were studied using the static life table，the age structure of population，the curves of survival rate，the mortality rate and the fecundity schedule of population. It indicates that the P. rockii ssp. atava underwent environmental screening during its first 3 years and competitive self-thinning at the age between 9 to 15 years，the physiological life span of the species was about 11 years，and its maximum life span was about 30 years. The survival rate of P. rockii ssp. atava population exhibits as the Deevey-Ⅰtype，that population of the species belongs to the type of increase. However，the P. rockii ssp. Rockii underwent very strong environmental screening during its first 3 years and the death rate of population is very high after 3 years，the physiological life span of the species was about 9 years，and its maximum life span was about 24 years. The survival rate of P. rockii ssp. Rockii population exhibits as the Deevey-Ⅱ type，that population of the species belongs to the type of decline. The possible factors leading to the numeric dynamics differences of two allopatric subspecies of Paeonia rockii are it’s the reproductive capacity，the population size，theecological adaptability and the disturbances from human activities.
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• AFLP-based Genetic Diversity of Rosa beggeriana Populations in Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang
• YANG Shu-hua1，GUO Ning1,2，LIU Hai-xing1，and GE Hong1,*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(9): 1823-1830. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-1130
• Abstract ( 241 ) HTML ( 855 ) PDF (244KB) ( 855 ) 　　　
• The genetic diversity of Rosa beggeriana in Eastern Tianshan mountains of Xinjiang were analyzed based on AFLP markers. There were 191 loci with 47 polymorphic loci among 5 populations of R. beggeriana amplified by 8 pairs of AFLP markers. The average percentage of polymorphic loci（PPL），Nei’s gene diversity（h）and Shannon information index（I）among the populations were 22.72%，0.0904 and 0.1319，respectively，reflecting a quite abundant genetic diversity among the populations. The gene differentitation（Gst）and estimate of gene flow（Nm）were 0.1333 and 3.2513，respectively，indicating the genetic variation mostly existed within the populations due to the frequent gene flow among the populations. The genetic similarity and cluster analysis further showed that five populations were of high genetic identity and close relationship，which were classified mainly according to the geographic distances.Moreover，the genetic diversity of R. beggeriana did not much influence by the environment，and exhibited a lower genetic diversity level when compared with other wild rose species.
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• Ultramicroscopic Characterization of Mature Pollen Grains of Habenaria sagittifera
• LIU Lin
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(9): 1831-1836. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0076
• Abstract ( 241 ) HTML ( 1064 ) PDF (1045KB) ( 1064 ) 　　　
• In order to understand the ultramicroscopic features of mature pollen grains of Habenaria sagittifera，transmission electron microscopy was applied to characterize the pollen grains in the massulae of this species at anthesis. （1）Pollen walls on the surface of the massula consisted of more layers，including tectum，baculum，nexine-1，nexine-2 and intine，while pollen walls within the massula was comprised of fewer layers，lacking tectum and baculum.（2）Both vegetative and generative nuclei in mature pollen grains were predominated by highly condensed chromatin，which occupied over half of the inner space of the nuclei.（3）The pollen grains did not contain lipid bodies，starch grains，or storage proteins，indicative of the absence of macromolecular storage reserves. In summary，the structural difference between walls on the surface of the massula and walls within the massula，the highly condensed status of the vegetative nucleus，and the absence of macromolecular storage reserves were the most noticeable ultramicroscopic characteristics of the mature pollen grains of H. sagittifera.
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• Effective Transformation of Cordyceps militaris by Particle Bombardment
• MAO Wen-jun*，BAO Da-peng*，ZHOU Chen-li，LI Yan，TAN Qi，and WANG Ying**
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(9): 1837-1842. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0145
• Abstract ( 378 ) HTML ( 983 ) PDF (512KB) ( 983 ) 　　　
• An effective and convenient transformation method of Cordyceps militaris were established by means of particle bombardment. Coating microcarriers with plasmid pDHt-gpdA-GFP-bar，we transferred C. militaris CM01 by particle bombardment. After being selected by glufosinate-ammonium，two transformants were obtained under three conditions differing in the two parameters of target distance （6 cm or 9 cm） and helium pressure（7.58 × 106 Pa or 8.96 × 106 Pa）. The transformation frequency was 0.4 cfu? μg-1. PCR and southern blot results indicated that the selective marker gene Bar was integrated into the genomic DNA，a single copy or multiple copies integration，and genetically stable. Green fluorescence of the C. militaris transformant mycelia could be observed under fluorescent microscope，which indicated that the expression of green fluorescent protein was successful in the C. militaris transformants. Transformation by particle bombardment enriched the transformation methods of C. militaris. However，sample preparation and parameter setting need to be optimized，in order to improve the efficiency of transformation.
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Technologies and Methods

• Direct Tissue Blot Immunoassay for Detection of Citrus yellow vein clearing virus
• BIN Yu，SONG Zhen*，LI Zhong-an，and ZHOU Chang-yong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(9): 1843-1850. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0263
• Abstract ( 766 ) HTML ( 19288 ) PDF (940KB) ( 19288 ) 　　　
• Direct tissue blot immunoassay（DTBIA）was developed to detect Citrus yellow vein clearing virus（CYVCV）by exploring the optimal dilution of rabbit-anti-CYVCV polyclonal antibody （first antibody）and Alkaline phosphatase（Ap）conjugated goat-anti-rabbit IgG（secondary antibody）. The DTBIA was the most effective when the first antibody and secondary antibody diluted in 8 000 and 2 000 separately. Using the method，only CYVCV infected samples showed positive among detected samples associated with different citrus diseases；CYVCV could be effectively detected in 90 days after the tissue blotting membranes kept at 4 ℃. The consistency between DTBIA and one-step RT-PCR was 97.92% in CYVCV detection of citrus varieties. The results showed that the DTBIA method is rapid，simple，stable，specific and reliable，and can be applied for rapid detection of CYVCV in the field，which providing the important practical significance for control of the transmission of citrus yellow vein clearing virus and spreading of the disease widely.
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New Cultivars

• A New Pear Cultivar‘Hanyali’
• ZHANG Mao-jun*，WANG Qiang，LI Hong-lian，DING Li-hua，YAN Xing-kai，and XING Guo-jie
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(9): 1851-1852. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-0717
• Abstract ( 517 ) HTML ( 635 ) PDF (171KB) ( 635 ) 　　　
• ‘Hanyali’，tested as 77-2-26，is a new high-quality pear cultivar derived from‘Aoliya’（Pyrus communis L.） בYali’（P. bretschneideri Rehd.），with the high hardy and disease resistance. The fruit is ovoid，with the average fruit mass 130 g，the maximal mass of 180 g. SThe peel is green and yellow. The flesh is juicy，crisp，sour-sweet，which has little stone cell. The soluble solids content is 12.0%，the soluble sugar content is 9.92%，the titratable acid content is 0.351% and the vitamin C content is 0.0514 mg ? g-1. The yield is up to 21 t ? hm-2.
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• A New Plum Cultivar‘Lingxili’
• HE Ye-hua1,?，FENG Jun-ting1，HU Gui-bing1，LIN Shun-quan1，LIU Cheng-ming1，QIN Yong-hua1，YANG Xiang-hui1，YE Zi-xing1，OUYANG Ruo1，MA Jun1，CHEN Cheng-jie1，LI Shao-ling2，MO You-wei2，YANG Xu-hui2，and XU Ru-j
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(9): 1853-1854. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-0803
• Abstract ( 536 ) HTML ( 736 ) PDF (163KB) ( 736 ) 　　　
• A new plum cultivar，‘Lingxili’（Prunus salicina），is selected from the bud sports of ‘Zhusili’，a local cultivar in Guangdong Province. The fruit is about 31.7 g，with TSS of 11.2%，TS of 9.5%，TA of 0.67% in average. The pericarp color is green-yellow. The flesh is superior mastication，sweet，crisp，refreshing and fragrant. This new plum cultivar has high and stable yield and it can be well cultivated in south subtropical mountainous area.
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• A New Chestnut Cultivar‘Meiguihong’
• CHENG Shui-yuan1，LI Lin-ling2,*，CHENG Hua2，WANG Yan3，XU Xiang-yang4，YAN Shao-liang4，and JIANG De-zhi2
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(9): 1855-1856. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-0795
• Abstract ( 257 ) HTML ( 793 ) PDF (180KB) ( 793 ) 　　　
• ‘Meiguihong’is a new chestnut cultivar selected from seedings of Luotian chestnut. It had good characteristics，such as high yield，excellent quality，storage tolerance and strong resistance. The shape of nut is uniform and the average nut weight is 19.61 g. There are 2.83 nuts average in one bur. It’s fruit maturity is early middle September in Hubei，and it is suitable for cultivation in chestnut region of Hubei Province.
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• A New Pepper Cultivar‘Jintian 8’
• LI Ying，WANG Heng-ming*，XU Xiao-wan，XU Xiao-mei，and HUANG Zhi-wen
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(9): 1857-1858. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-0792
• Abstract ( 251 ) HTML ( 713 ) PDF (147KB) ( 713 ) 　　　

• ‘Jintian 8’is an early-middle maturing pepper cultivar，possessing strong branch ability. The plant is 75 cm in height and 61 cm in diameter，with the tenth node of the first flower. The cultivar is fruitful and the fruit is in bulk-cowhorn shape，with slightly wrinkled，green and glossy skin. It is 14.2 cm in fruit length，4.5 cm in width，0.3 cm in fresh thickness，weighing about 60.4 g per fruit. The fruit tastes low pungency，with 0.87 mg ? g-1 vitamin C content. The cultivar is highly resistant to anthracnose，phytophthora blight and bacterial wilt. Average output 40.02 t ? hm-2。

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• A New Anthurium andraeanum Cultivar‘Shuangguan’
• YI Mao-sheng1，ZENG Rui-zhen2，DU Bao-gui1，ZHANG Zhi-sheng2，LIU Zhen-nan1，XIA Qing1，and LI Yang-hui1,*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(9): 1859-1860. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-0735
• Abstract ( 401 ) HTML ( 969 ) PDF (173KB) ( 969 ) 　　　
• Anthurium andraeanum‘Shuangguan’is a new potted cultivar with average plant height of 45.5 cm and width of 60.5 cm，which was developed from the combination of‘Pink Champion’and‘Orange Champion’. The leaves are ovate with average length of 20.4 cm and width of 11.3 cm. The spathes，being 10.8 cm in length and 7.2 cm in width，are red in color and slightly above the leaves. Spadixes are orange yellow in color and in curved with average length of 3.2 cm. It takes 18 months from tissue culture seedlings to the potted product.
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• A New Iris germanica Cultivar‘Huangjinjia’
• YUAN Hai-yan，HUANG Su-zhen*，GU Chun-sun，and TONG Hai-ying
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(9): 1861-1862. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-0924
• Abstract ( 540 ) HTML ( 1058 ) PDF (498KB) ( 1058 ) 　　　
• ‘Huangjinjia’is a new Iris germanica cultivar，deriving from the crossbreeding between female parent‘93E41076-8’and male parent‘Jinwuwa’. It is a kind of evergreen，xerophytic and cold resistant plant. The flowers are yellow with a 50–55 cm stem height. There are 4–6 flowers grown on each single stem. The florescence is from April to May. It has the advantages of short stems，large flowers，bright colors and lodging resistance. It is suitable to be planted throughout the year in the lower-middle reaches of Yangtze River basin.
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• A New Michelia Cultivar‘Mengzi’
• SHAO Wen-hao，JIANG Jing-min*，and DONG Ru-xiang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(9): 1863-1864. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-0778
• Abstract ( 560 ) HTML ( 696 ) PDF (134KB) ( 696 ) 　　　
• ‘Mengzi’is a new Michelia cultivar which was selected from hybrid crossing Michelia chapensis × M. crassipes. It is an evergreen arbor with purplish red tepals whose primary color is ivory-white. The florescence can start from March until April. The cultivar can resist high temperature and likes the warm and moist climate，so it can be widely planted in the south of the Yangtze River.
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• A New Acer rubrum Cultivar‘Chengzhimeng’
• TANG Fei1，DING Zeng-cheng1,*，REN Jie1，SHI Dan1，JIN Xiao-long1，LIU Zuo-jun1，and GUO Rui2
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(9): 1865-1866. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-0779
• Abstract ( 389 ) HTML ( 738 ) PDF (173KB) ( 738 ) 　　　
• ‘Chengzhimeng’is a new colored-leaf cultivar which is selected from the seedling of Acer rubrum. The leaves gradually turn orange in early October and become orange red and bright when the discoloration period is completed. The optimum ornamental period for the‘Chengzhimeng’leaves is in early November，lasting for 30–35 days. Three-year-old tree can blossom and bear fruit. The blooming period is in early April，and samara gradually becomes ripe in mid-June.‘Chengzhimeng’has strong resistance that can be cultivated wildly in eastern，central，northern and northeastern area of China.
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