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Current Issue

2005, Vol.32, No.02 Previous Issue    Next Issue

研究论文

  • Effect of Microenvironments and Exogenous Substance Application on5'-nucleotidase Activities in Apple Peel
  • Zhang Jianguang;Di Bao;Li Yingli;Zhang Jianqiang;Sun Jianshe;Liu Yufang
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 191-196.
  • Abstract ( 1637 ) HTML ( 1091 ) PDF (334KB) ( 1091 ) 　　　
  • The present experiment was conducted to reveal the effect of microenvironments and exogenous substance application on 5'-nucleotidase activities in apple peel tissue. By means of enclosing apple fruits
    in bags, treating with exogenous active oxygen species and regulative agents or placing them under controlled conditions at different fruit temperatures or relative humidity, the 5'-nucleotidase activitieswere compared with
    the corresponding controls. The results indicated that, a considerable effect of microenvironments was found on 5'-nucleotidase activities in fruit peel tissue. The highest enzymatic activity appeared in fruits on southwest canopy, regardless of bagged or non-bagged fruits, significantly higher than those from any other exposures.Fruitswith bags had a significantly higher 5'-nucleotidase activity than the exposed ones. A variation of enzymatic activities was observed in fruits enclosed with different types of bags, which were supposed to alter the
    microenvironments around them. Within a certain range, gradual or fluctuant rise of fruit temperatures could favor the increase of 5'-nucleotidase activities as a result of heat adaptation, whereas the activitywould be inhabited if the temperature-rising period was too short or temperature differentialwas too huge. No matter what temperatures fruits were subjected to, high relative humidity was favorable to stimulating the 5'-nucleotidase activities, which might partly explain why fruit sunburn wouldnpt happen in humid climates. Treatments with four kinds of exogenous active oxygen species could reduce the 5'-nucleotidase activities significantly but spraying with CaCl2 was able to enhance 5'-nucleotidase activities by 55.39% , reaching a significant level.
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  • The Changes of Phenolics and Related Enzymes Activity in Sweet CherryBuds during Endo-dormancy Period
  • Wei Hairong;Gao Dongsheng;Li Xianli
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 197-201.
  • Abstract ( 1417 ) HTML ( 1480 ) PDF (200KB) ( 1480 ) 　　　
  • The changes of phenolics and relate enzymes activity in sweet cherry buds and the effects of temperature on the content of phenolics were investigated during dormancy on 7-year-old sweet cherries ( Prunus avium L.‘Hongdeng’and P. avium L.‘Zaohongbaoshi’) trees. The result showed that the content of phenolics rose steadily in primary stage and dropp ing quickly in later stage. The time which the content of phenolics dropped was different in different cultivars. The content of phenlics in flower buds was higher than that of vegetative buds. PPO activity and PAL activity of flower buds were similar to that of vegetative buds in the same cultivar, but differentiate notably in different cultivars. The trend of PAL activity was positively related with the trend of the content of total phenolics. PPO activity rose steadily during endo-dormancy period. Low temperature (5℃) promoted the accumulation of the phenolics in primary stage , and made the phenolics content dropped earlier than that of controlled in middle stage, and p romoted the drop of phenolics
    content. The effect of high temperature (20℃) was contrary to that of low temperature (5℃) . The effect of variable temperature (5℃/20℃) was less remarkable.
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  • Effects of Pectins and Pectinesterase Activity on Creasing Fruit Formation inOrange ( Citrus sinensis Osbeck)
  • Chen Jiezhong;Ye Zixing;Zhou Biyan;Xu Chunxiang;Li Juan
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 202-206.
  • Abstract ( 1772 ) HTML ( 1722 ) PDF (285KB) ( 1722 ) 　　　
  • The difference in pectin level, pectinesterase ( PE) activity and creasing-fruit rates between‘Hong 127’orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck ‘Hong 127’) and ‘Hongjiang’orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck ‘Hongjiang’) were studied. The creasing fruit rates for‘Hong 127’and ‘Hongjiang’orange were 7.06%
    and 28.03% respectively. Upon fruit maturing, the PE, water soluble pectin (WP) , total pectin (TP) and hydrochloric acid soluble pectin (HP) in ‘Hongjiang’ increased by 260% , 827% , 65% and 54% , respectively. The change of PE in ‘Hong 127’was smaller. PE was positively correlated withWP and negatively correlated with HP. The content of TP, WP and PE in ‘Hongjiang’orange were obviously higher than those in ‘Hong 127’, but the content of HP in ‘Hongjiang’was higher in ‘Hong 127’. There were higher TP, WP and PE in shaded halves of fruits, but higher HP in exposed halves of fruits. The content of TP, WP, PE of the creasing fruits is higher than the normal fruit, and the content of HP is lower than normal fruit. There is no difference for hexametaphosphate soluble pectin ( PP) between the two varieties.
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研究简讯

研究论文

  • Lycopene and Beta-carotene Content in Flesh of Cara Cara Orange and Effects of Exogenous ABA and GA3 on The ir Content Changes
  • Wang Guiyuan;Xia Renxue
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 207-211.
  • Abstract ( 2080 ) HTML ( 1521 ) PDF (195KB) ( 1521 ) 　　　
  • The content of lycopene and beta-carotene during fruit development and following exogenous ABA and GA3 treatments at the color break period in flesh of Cara Cara orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) was determined by HPLC. The results showed that content of lycopene and beta2carotene in the flesh of Cara Cara orange reachedmaximum (26.79 and 9.21μg·g- 1 FM, respectively) during fruitmaturation; lycopene and beta-carotene accumulated rapidly from August 17 to October 20 and from October 20 to December 21, respectively. Exogenous ABA facilitated the accumulation of lycopene but not always facilitated the accumulation of beta-carotene. Exogenous GA3 of high concentration restrained the accumulation of lycopene and beta-carotene to a certain extent while low concentration remarkably facilitated the accumulation of lycopene.
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  • Heredity Analysis of FruitMa ture Period in Progenies from and Intraspecificand Interspecific Hibr idiza tion of V itis am u rensis Rupr.
  • Song Rungang;Lu Wenpeng;Li Changyu;Lin Xinggui;Shen Yujie;Li Xiaohong
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 212-217.
  • Abstract ( 1708 ) HTML ( 1159 ) PDF (272KB) ( 1159 ) 　　　
  • The intraspecific cross of Vitis amurensis Rupr. and the interspecific cross, back cross and recrossing between Vitis amurensis Rupr. (VA) and Vitis vinifera L. (VV). were carried out from 1973 to 1998 and a heredity law of fruit mature period was analysed for 5 639 plants survived out of 34 hybrid combinations of five crossingmodels. The sequence from p remature to latermaturity ofmature period of five crossingmodels was VA ×VA≥(VA ×VV) F1 ×VA≥VA ×VV≥ (VA ×VV) F1 ×(VA ×VV) F1 ≥ (VA ×VV) F1 × VV. The fruitmature period showed a continuous distribution and a propensity to premature parents. The more
    premature parents were in crossing combinations the more hybrid progenies were separated. From the premature gene was a quantitative character inheritance controlled by multigene and showed a cumulative response
    and a dominant inheritance to p rogenies.
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  • The Analyses of Inheritance of Aroma Components in Progenies of Selfing and Crossing Combination of Grape
  • Li Kun;;Guo Xiuwu;Xie Honggang;Guo Yinshan;Li Yihui;Li Chengxiang
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 218-221.
  • Abstract ( 1572 ) HTML ( 1419 ) PDF (119KB) ( 1419 ) 　　　
  • Aroma components of grape from F1 generation of two selfing and one crossing combinations were analysed with Gas chromatography-Massspectrum-Computer System (Gc-Ms-Cs). The results indicated that different aroma components showed variety segregation in same combinations, and same aroma components showed different segregation in different combinations. The inheritance of aroma compounds exp ressed mostly two ways that disjunction and no disjunction in selfing and crossing p rogenies. Some of the disjunction compounds showed 1∶1, 1∶3, 3∶1 segregation ratio, controlled by mongenes, others showed 15∶1 segregation ratio, controlled by polygenes.
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  • Differences of Photosynthetic Characteristics and Low Light-tolerance in Seedlings of Four Pepper Cultivars
  • Sui Xiaolei;Zhang Baoxi;Zhang Zhenxian;Mao Shengli;Wang Lihao
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 222-227.
  • Abstract ( 1802 ) HTML ( 1577 ) PDF (288KB) ( 1577 ) 　　　
  • The effect on photosynthesis-light response curve and CO2 response curve of the seedlings of four pepper cultivars treated under the different low light intensitieswere investigated using a LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system. The results showed that under shading conditions, light compensation point (LCP) ,light saturation point (LSP) , CO2 compensation point (CCP) , CO2 saturation point (CSP) , photosynthetic rate at light saturation point, dark respiration rate (Rd) , carboxylation efficiency (CE) , RuBPCase activity,and maximum RuBP regeneration rate decreased, but apparent quantum yield (AQY) increased. The decrease of net photosynthetic rate under low light intensity was considered as a result of RuBP carboxylation restriction and regeneration restriction. In addition, as the light intensity decreased, the chlorophyll contents
    (Chl. ) increased, but the chlorophyll a /b ratio (Chl.a /b) and specific leaf mass ( SLM) declined. Cultivars relatively lower LCP and Rd, higher AQY and CE under low light intensitywith may possess potential low light-tolerance.
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  • Effect of Day time Sub-high Temperature on Photosynthesis and Dry MatterAccumulation of Tomato in Greenhouse
  • Zhang Jie;Li Tianlai;Xu Jing
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 228-233.
  • Abstract ( 1805 ) HTML ( 1669 ) PDF (278KB) ( 1669 ) 　　　
  • This study was undertaken to determine the effect of sub-high temperature of daytime on photosynthesis and growth in greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ). Results showed that daytime sub-high temperature (35 /15℃ and 30 /15℃) decreased the net photosynthesis and biomass, the more high
    temperature the more effect of tomato was suffered. Carboxylation efficiency (CE) declined while photoresp iration at sub-high temperature increased. Root growth was more affected by sub-high temperature than shoot growth. The growth course of plant and ripping of tomato fruitwere accelerated but the quality of fruitwas decreased seriously at subhigh temperature. And a long period of subhigh temperature treatment even made the plants senescence earlier.
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  • Changes of Endogenous Abscisic Acid and the Effent of Exogenous ABA onPollen Germination under Heat Stress Tomato
  • Mao Shengli;Du Yongchen;Wang Xiaoxuan;Zhu Dewei;Gao Jianchang;Dai Shanshu
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 234-238.
  • Abstract ( 1573 ) HTML ( 1815 ) PDF (148KB) ( 1815 ) 　　　
  • The investigation was done on the comparision with endogenous abscisic acid levels, and the effect of exogenous abscisic acid on the pollen germination under high temperature among different heat-tolerant tomato varieties. It showed that the leaf ABA levels had no obvious difference between heat-tolerant and heat-sensitive varieties at op timal growing temperature (25℃) , but increased greatly in heat-tolerant varieties after treatmentwith superop timal temperatures. Heat-tolerant varieties exhibited a higherABA level in flowers both at op timal and superop timal temperatures compared with heat-sensitive varieties. Application of exogenous ABA could partly alleviated inhibition of heat stress on pollen germination.
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  • Studies on Carbohydrate Content and Sucrose-metabolizing Enzymes Activities in Different Parts of Tomato
  • Qi Hongyan;Li Tianlai;Liu Haitao;Zhang Jie
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 239-243.
  • Abstract ( 1853 ) HTML ( 2392 ) PDF (240KB) ( 2392 ) 　　　
  • Tomato leaf ( source organ) , transport system and fruit ( sink organ) were separated along tomato assimilate transport path in order to determinate the composition and content of carbohydrate and sucrosemetabolizing enzymes activities. The results indicated that carbohydrate composition and content and the activities of sucrose2metabolizing enzymes were different at different parts along the transport route from source to sink. Fructose contentwas the highest, whereas sucrose contentwas the lowest in mesophyll tissues. Glucose and fructose were the p redominant sugars in the midrib of leaf. Glucose was the highest and fructose the lowest in contents in the petiole vascular bundle, with sucrose standing in the medium. Sucrose was the main sugar in the internode and peduncle vascular bundle. In the fruit vascular and other parts of the fruit, glucose and fructose, rep resenting the p redominant sugar were nearly equal in amount, with sucrose being p resent in trace quantities. However, glucose was the highestwhile sucrose the lowest in contents in sepals. These three kinds of sugarwere almost equal in amount in the fruit pedicle. Invertase activity was retained at very lower level in mesophyll and transport tissues. In contrast, in the nonvascular tissues of the sink organ invertase showed higher activity. Among all tissues the activity of sucrose synthase ( SS) was the highest in the fruit pedicle and the lowest in the parts of fruits, with mesophyll and transport tissues standing in the medium. Sucrose phosphate synthase ( SPS) activity was higher in the mesophyll, the organ of sucrose synthesis, than in transport tissues, except in peduncle and fruit vascular bundles, which favor sucrose synthesis. SPS activity was the lowest at other parts of the fruit.
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  • Studies on Genetic Effects of Important Nutr ient Qua lity Characters in Chinese Cabbage
  • Yu Zhandong;;;He Qiwei;Wang Cuihua;Mou Jinhua;Liu Chunxiang;Liu Jibao
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 244-248.
  • Abstract ( 1562 ) HTML ( 1319 ) PDF (368KB) ( 1319 ) 　　　
  • Genetic effects of dry matter, vitamin C, soluble sugar, organic acid, crude fiber and amino acid contents in Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis) were analysed for a set of 6 ×6 diallel crosses with six inbred lines of three ecotypes. The results showed that the genetics of vitamin C, organic acid, dry matter and crude fibre contentwas appropriate to the additive-dominant-maternalmodel while the inherence of the soluble sugar and amino acid was appropriate to the additive-dominance model. The estimated narrow heritability of vitamin C, organic acid, dry matter and crude fibre contents were 53.1%, 13.5% , 38.3% and 28.2%. The estimated narrow heritability of soluble sugar, amino acid contentswere 18.4% and 40.3% respectively. It is observed that there was a significant positive correlation between the content of souble sugar and drymatter, the content of vitamin C and drymatter, the coefficient is 0.746 and 0.293 respectively; however , there was a significant negative correlation between the content of vitamin C and crude fibre, the content of vitamin C and organic acid, the coefficient is 0.366 and 0.305, respectively.
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  • A Linkage Map Construction for Chinese Cabbage Based on AFLP, SSR, RAPD and Isozyme Markers Using DH Population
  • Zhang Liyang;;Zhang Fenglan;Wang Mei;Liu Xiucun;Zhao Xiuyun;Xue Linbao
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 249-255.
  • Abstract ( 2115 ) HTML ( 1652 ) PDF (330KB) ( 1652 ) 　　　
  • A molecular genetic map for Chinese cabbage was constructed based on AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) , RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA) , SSR ( Simple Sequence Repeat) and isozyme markers. Marker analysis was performed on 100 randomly chosen DH lines obtained by
    microspore culture from the F1 between two homozygous parents: 91-112 and T12-19. 406 markers including 246 AFLP markers, 135 RAPD markers, 11 SSR markers, 12 isozyme markers, 1 SCAR and 1 morphological marker were integrated into 10 group s using JoinMap 310. It covered 826.3 cM with a mean marker interval of 2.0 cM. Number ofmarkers included in linkage group s varied from 7 to 111, mean marker interval distance from 1.0 cM to 3.8 cM and the length of linkage group s from 26.4 cM to 156.1 cM individually. A total of 45.0% distorted markers distributed in the map. The molecular genetic map constructed in this study would be useful in gene localization, comparative genomes research and QTL mapping of important agronomic traits for Chinese cabbage.
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  • Identification of AFLP and SCAR Molecular Markers Linked to Gynoecious Loci in Cucumis sativus L.
  • Lou Qunfeng;Chen Jinfeng;Molly Jahn;Chen Longzheng;Geng Hong;Luo Xiangdong
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 256-261.
  • Abstract ( 2183 ) HTML ( 2422 ) PDF (543KB) ( 2422 ) 　　　
  • Gynoecy plays an important role in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. ) heterosis breeding and identification of the markers linked to this character will facilitate selection of gynoecious cucumber line in breeding p rogram. In the present study, selfed gynoecious cucumber‘Delta Star’and monoecious cucumber
    ‘Beijing Jietou’were used as parents to make F1 and then selfed to build F2 sex segregated population. Gynoecious and monoecious DNA pools were developed separately using bulked segregant analysis (BSA). Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique with 64 primer combinations were emp loyed to find the polymorphisms between both DNA pools, and in gyneocious DNA pool a 234 bp specific fragment was amplified in the primer combination of TG +CAC. This marker was testified with individual DNA of the F2 population and the band could only be amplified in the gynoecious plants. Linkage analysis using the software of MAPMAKER ( version 3.0) indicated its genetic distance to the gynoecious lociwas 617 cM, and this AFLP marker was designed as TG/CAC234. This band was collected and sequenced to synthesize a sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) primer. The primer was used to amplify the individual DNAs of the F2 population and obtained a specific band of 166 bp in the gynoecious plants, indicating a successful conversion of the SCAR marker from AFLP one. This SCAR markerwas designed as SA166 , and has been practically useful to the marker-assisted selection in our cucumber breeding program.
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  • Simulation of the Development of Greenhouse Muskmelon
  • Yuan Changmei;Luo Weihong;;Zhang Shengfei;Dai Jianfeng;Jin Liang
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 262-267.
  • Abstract ( 1624 ) HTML ( 1674 ) PDF (274KB) ( 1674 ) 　　　
  • A development simulation model of greenhouse muskmelon was developed based on the concept of physiological development time ( PDT). experiments with different varieties and sowing dates were carried out in Shanghai and Nanjing to collect data to calibrate and validate the model. The results show that the simulated results agree well with the observed ones. The root mean squared error (RMSE) for development stages of germination, five leaf stage, tendril elongation, flowering, fruit setting and the whole growth duration was 1, 3, 2.2, 1.8, 1.1, 2.6 days, respectively.
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  • The Relationship of Paphiopedilum Species in China by RAPD and Isozyme
  • Sun Caiyun;Zhang Mingyong;Ye Xiulin;Liang Chengye;Xia Kuaifei
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 268-272.
  • Abstract ( 1684 ) HTML ( 1579 ) PDF (434KB) ( 1579 ) 　　　
  • RAPD and isozyme analyses by 14 primers, which are 10 oligonucleotides, and 7 isozyme systems were used to the study of the relationship among species of Paphiopedilum in China. Meanwhile the classifications of Paphiopedilum got from traditional classification (Chen's and Cribb's) , ITS (Cox's) , RAPD and isozyme (Our's) are compared in this paper. The result shows that the relationship of the subgenus revealebs isozyme dater ismore similar to traditional classification than that of RAPD dater. Our results exhibited that the Subgenus Paphioped ilum need to be subdivided into several sections. The species P. wardii, P. appletonianum, P. purpuratum, P. ‘Yunnahupi’are wallcuted its own section.
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  • RAPD Analysis of Germplasm Resources on Canna
  • Huang Guotao;Ouyang Dimei;Xiang Qibai;Zhu Weihua;Zhang Shouzhou
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 273-277.
  • Abstract ( 1451 ) HTML ( 1260 ) PDF (290KB) ( 1260 ) 　　　
  • Taxonomy of four Canna species and 52 cultivarswere analyzed using random amplified polymorphic DNA. 27 p rimers were screened from 125 arbitrary 102 mer primers, and a total of 223 DNA bands were amplified, 140 of which (62.78% ) were polymorphic. The average numbers of DNA bands amplified
    by each primer were 8.26. There were specific amplified bands in three species and seven cultivars, and these bands can be used in Canna germplasm identification. The dendrogram constructed by UPGMA showed that the 56 individualswere classified into four groups. Four specieswere grouped in dependently and 52 cultivars were classified into Canna ×generalis Bailey and C. ×orchioides Bailey. This conclusion consisted with the traditional Canna taxonomy. Phylogenetic relationship of Canna germplasm was also discussed.
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  • Distribution of 14C-photosynthate and Changes of Endogenous Phytohormonein the Bulb Development of Tulip ( Tulipa gesneriana L. )
  • Xia Yiping;Yang Yu'ai;Yang Xiao'e;Gao Xiaochen;Li Fang
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 278-283.
  • Abstract ( 1562 ) HTML ( 1458 ) PDF (587KB) ( 1458 ) 　　　
  • Using the scanning electron microscope ( SEM) and 14C-labelling techniques, the accumulation and distribution of 14C-photosynthates in bulb development of tulip ( Tulipa gesneriana L. ‘Golden Apeldoorn’) were studied. The starch granules, which were gathering and stuffing in the cell of scales were observed during bulb development. Distribution of 14C-photosynthates among plant organs was different in various growth stages. At the growth stages before blooming, 14C-photosynthateswere mainly allocated into leaves and shoot. At the stage of leaf withering, about 66.01% of the total 14C-photosynthates were transported to bulbs and roots, which indicated that the regenerated bulbs became the main ‘sink’of 14 C-photosynthates, particularly in daughter bulbs distributed 60.85%. Sink activity of 14C-photosynthates at stage of leafwithering decreased as followed: bulbs > leaves > shoots > roots. The contents of endogenous GA and IAA in leaves decreased continuously after sprouting. Meanwhile, the ABA content in leaves increased dramatically with a
    maximum value of 65.86 ng·g- 1 FM at the stage of blooming. Higher GA3 /ABA ratios in the leaves at stage of frondescence and in the daughter bulbs at the stage of blooming were observed, which indicated that the balance of endogenous phytohormones may be an important factor for the regulation of leaf senescence and the initiation of daughter bulb in tulip.
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  • Detection of Lily symptomless virus and Lily mottle virus by Multiplex RT-PCR
  • Wang Jihua;Wang Lihua;Ding Yuanming;Qu Suping;Xiong Li;Tang Kaixue
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 284-287.
  • Abstract ( 2062 ) HTML ( 1528 ) PDF (324KB) ( 1528 ) 　　　
  • Two sets of specific primers were designed according to LSV and LM oV CP gene sequence,and the conditions for PCR were optimized. The multiplex PCR method which can simultaneously detect the two lily viruses was developed. It was showed that all samples which infected LSV and LMoV could be amplified by multiplex PCR, yielding two specific bands of LSV (876 bp) and LMoV (662 bp). The two viruses were detected from dilutions of 104 by multiplex RT-PCR and RT-PCR, respectively. Sequence analysis on the amplified products show that the nucleotide sequences homology of LSV was 87.8% -99.3% compared with
    sequences of other isolates, and LMoV was 90.1%-99.5%.
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研究简讯

研究报告

  • The Effect of Shading on the Growth and Photosynthesis Characteristics inAmerican Blackberry
  • Yang Junxia;Guo Baolin;Lu Renqiang;Zhang Jichong
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 292-294.
  • Abstract ( 1514 ) HTML ( 1317 ) PDF (111KB) ( 1317 ) 　　　
  • The shade-endurance and photosynthesis characterstics of American blackberry‘Hull’were studied under light transmittance of 100% , 50% , 25% and 13%. The result showed that the net photosynthetic rate ( Pn) had two peaks at 9: 00 and 13: 00 respectively in a day, under full light with ‘Wuxiu’
    phenomenon. There was only one Pn peak appeared at 11: 00 after shading. No significant differences were found between full light and 50% light treatment in branch and leaf growth, leaf thickness, palisade and sponge tissue, fresh-leaf mass per dm2 , dry-leaf mass per dm2, per fruit mass and soluble solid content. Chlorophyll content was significantly higher in 50% light than that in full light. When light transmittance below 25% , the branches grew excessively and the leaves became yellow, and no flower buds formed. Itwas indicated that American blackberry has good shade-endurance, moderate shading is helpful to its growth and development.
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  • Observation on Structural Changes of Self-pollinated Pollen Tube and Localization of S-RNase in Apple
  • Li Tianzhong;Toshikatsu Okuno
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 295-297.
  • Abstract ( 2139 ) HTML ( 1256 ) PDF (309KB) ( 1256 ) 　　　
  • Structural changes in the pollen tubes of the ‘Starking Delicious’apple in vivo was investigated by transmission electron microscope. Itwas found that a slow growth of the pollen tube after 24 h for the self-pollination. Compared with the cross-pollination, there were numerous bipartite particles in the pollen tube cell and some changes in 48 h for the self-pollination, either appeared such as rupture of the pollen tube, release of the cellularmaterials, thickening of the outer walls of some pollen tube cells. At the time without pollination, or 24 h after self- and cross-pollination, in the samp les that pollen tubes did not exist, the S-RNase was localized in the stylar transmitting tissue cells. However, in 48 h after pollination with self- or cross-pollen, in the samp les that pollen tubes existed, the S-RNase was observated in the intercellular space or into pollen tubes.
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  • Preservation of in Vitro Grown Shoot of Cherry Germplasm
  • Niu Aiguo;Zhang Kaichun;Zhang Xiaoming;Yan Guohua;Li Wensheng;Jiang Lijie
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 298-300.
  • Abstract ( 1690 ) HTML ( 1242 ) PDF (107KB) ( 1242 ) 　　　
  • An in vitro preservation method of cherry germp lasm was established. Seven varieties from different specieswere used asmaterials. Shootswith two buds cut from in vitro subculture plantlets were planted in F14 medium supplemented with 10 g·L - 1 mannitol, then cultured either at room temperature with illumination, or at 5℃ in darkness. Survival rate, regeneration rate, average stem length and propagation ratio of reactivated cultures after preservation under different temperature and illumination treatmentwere investigated.
    The result showed that shoots could survive for six months under room temperature with illumination, and for 16 months at 5℃ in darkness. The survival rate of reactivated cultures after p reservation for 16 mouths at 5℃
    in darkness are 52% to 98%. Some varieties could survive for 20 months at 5℃ in darkness, the survival rate of‘Duiying’and ‘Gisela 5’are 45% and 58%.
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  • A Preliminary Study on Inher itance Tendency of the Resistance to PowderyMildew Using F1 Progen ies of Chestnut Rose ( Rosa roxburghii Tratt)
  • Wen Xiaopeng;;Xu Qiang;Fan Weiguo;Deng Xiuxin
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 304-306.
  • Abstract ( 1691 ) HTML ( 1126 ) PDF (112KB) ( 1126 ) 　　　
  • F1 progenies of‘Guinong 6’ ( resistant) בGuinong 5’ ( susceptible) and their reciprocal cross were used to investigate the inheritance tendency of resistance to powderymildew disease of chestnut rose (Rosa roxburghii Tratt). The result showed that the disease index of F1 progenies showed normal distribution. Hereditaries ( Ta ) of F1 progenies disease indexwere significantly higher than mid-parent value, and the broad-sense heretabilities of Guinong 6 ×Guinong 5 and the recip rocal crosswere 61.0% and 60.4% respectively. Based on the disease index, the F1 progenies of Guinong 6 ×Guinong 5 could be grouped into three subclusters using UPGMA method, which revealed high resistance, moderate resistance, and susceptibility respectively, and their segregation ratios were 1∶2∶1 by X2 test. These results suggest that the resistance appears to be co-dominated by two types of genetic models: 1) Two alleles which show additive effect between them; 2) Multiple genes which contribute to the continued values of disease index in same subcluster.
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  • Transformation of Cabbage with In sulin-like Growth Factor-ⅠRegulated byMatrix Attachment Regions
  • Zhang Yinghua;;Wang Xiaojia
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 307-309.
  • Abstract ( 1347 ) HTML ( 1088 ) PDF (287KB) ( 1088 ) 　　　
  • Hypocotyl explants of 7 day-old cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. ) seedlings were pre-cultured on bud induction medium (MS +BA 3 mg/L +NAA 0.1 mg/L ) for two days. The explants were then infected with Agrobacteriumtum efaciens strain EHA105 harboring a plasmid vector containing IGF-Ⅰ gene that flanked bymatrix attachment regions (MARs) isolated from the genome of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. ). After two days of co-culture, the explants were transferred onto agrobacterium suppressive medium (MS +BA 3 mg/L +NAA 0.1 mg/L +Cb 400 mg/L) and cultivated for six days. Through four times of kanamycin-resistant selected culture (MS +BA 3 mg/L +NAA 0.1 mg/L + Km 5 mg/L + Cb 400 mg/L) , 25 resistant shootswere obtained from 10 transformation experiments with total 15 200 explants. Some of the
    resistant regenerated plants were tested by PCR analysis and Southern blot, which showed IGF-Ⅰ gene was integrated into cabbage genome.
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  • Mo and B's Effects on the Yield and Quality of Cauliflower
  • Zhu Fenglin
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 310-313.
  • Abstract ( 1662 ) HTML ( 1151 ) PDF (236KB) ( 1151 ) 　　　
  • Studies based on the cauliflower variety of‘Xiahue 100 Days’ indicated that, when 2.25 kg·hm- 2 (NH4)2MoO4 ·2H2O was used as base fertilizer or 0.1% (NH4)2MoO4 ·2H2O sprayed as foliage fertilizer, both the chlorophyll content and nitrate reductase activity of leaves could be increased, meanwhile improve the quality of the cauliflower. 15100 kg·hm- 2 B used as base fertilizer or 0.1% - 0.2% Belement used as foliage fertilizer also could increase the yield and improve the quality of the cauliflower. However, high concentration (0.4%) of B would make both the yield and the quality of cauliflower reduced.
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研究简讯

研究报告

  • Effect of Heat Stress on Calcium Distribution, ABA Contents and the Synthesis of Proteins in Cucumber Anthers
  • Zhang Yuhua;Zhu Yuelin;Miao Minmin
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 314-317.
  • Abstract ( 1728 ) HTML ( 1251 ) PDF (833KB) ( 1251 ) 　　　
  • Under 45℃ treatment, Ca2+ precipitates in pollen and anther cells increase more quickly in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. ) heat-sensitive line Xintaimici than in heat-tolerant line JY24. While the temperature recover to 28℃, the Ca2+ precipitates quantity drop to the normal levelmore tardily in Xitaimici
    anther cells. EndogenousABA contents in two line anthers also ascend significantly after 1 h 45℃ treatment,especially in Xintaimici. When the temperature return to 28℃, ABA in Xitaimici anthers step down to the
    control level, while JY24 anthers can maintain a higher ABA content within 2 h. No any additional protein points can be seen in the IEF-SDS-PAGE maps of cucumber anthers under 45℃ stress comparing with 28℃, although the expression of some proteins, such as (MW 70 kD, P I 5.7) and (MW 45.5 kD, PI 5.6) wereup regulated remarkably after heat treatment ( even higher in JY24 than in Xintaimici). The results indicated both Ca2+ and ABA signalswere involved in the response of cucumber anthers to heat-stress. The synthesis of
    HSPs in cucumber uninucleate-binucleate-pollen-phase antherswere at least in part inhibited under 45℃.
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  • Studies on the Changes of Endogenous Hormones during the Course of Regeneration from Allium fistulosum L. Mature Embryos Culture
  • Sheng Yanping;Yang Jianping;Zhang Song;Qi Xianlei;Li Xincheng
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 318-320.
  • Abstract ( 1592 ) HTML ( 1256 ) PDF (161KB) ( 1256 ) 　　　
  • The callus induction and p lant regeneration from Allium fistulosum L. mature embryos culture were studied in A. f istulosum L. and the endogenous hormone changes in this course were analyzed. The callus growth rate reached the highest point at the 6 th day after culturing, which might be caused by the maximum concentration of ZR at the 3 rd day. ABA was a negative regulation factor in the callus induction. The concentration of GA3 during callus induction wasmuch higher than that in the multip lication course, which indicated GA3 was very important in the differentiation period. The appropriate proportion between 6-BA and NAA was beneficial to the shoot differentiation of A. fistulosum L. , but there was side effect to shoot regeneration if CTK concentration was too high.
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  • Studies on RAPD Marker of Bacterial Wilt Resistance Gene in Eggplant( Solanum melongena )
  • Zhu Huawu;Yao Yuangan;Liu Zhimin;Yang Jianguo;Chen Huiming;Zou Xuexiao
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 321-323.
  • Abstract ( 2131 ) HTML ( 1896 ) PDF (349KB) ( 1896 ) 　　　
  • To p robe into the genetic resistant law to bacterialwilt (BW) in eggp lant, the genetic studies to BW of 064 (Beijing six-leaf eggp lant) , S3 ( highly resistant half-cultivated species of Malasia) and 064 ×S3 F2 populations is carried out on RAPD marker. 300 decamer p rimerswith arbitrary sequences are chosen for
    polymerase chain reaction amplication. It is found that the polymorphism between the parents could be detected by 15.6% of the primer; one RAPD marker S264780 ( the sequence of the primer: CAGAAGCGGA) tightly links to the resistance gene of S3 with the overcross value of 4.32% and genetic distance of 4.33 cM.
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  • Coat Protein Gene Sequence Analysis and Identification of a Potato Virus YHebei Isolate
  • Wu Zhiming;Dong Zhiru;;Liu Xiaojuan;Wen Chunxiu;Xie Xiaoliang;Zhang Qingliang
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 324-326.
  • Abstract ( 1634 ) HTML ( 1294 ) PDF (239KB) ( 1294 ) 　　　
  • A potato virus Y isolate ( PVY-HBEI) was obtained from infected potato plants cultivated in Zhangjiakou City of Hebei Province. The coat protein gene (CP) was amplified from the extracted plant total RNA by using RT-PCR, and cloned into the pGEM2T vector and sequenced. The cloned segmentwas 801 bp and encodes 267 amino acid residues. It was cpmpared with other PVY isolates reported in GenBank. It shares 89.6% - 98.8% and 93.3% - 98.5% homology in nucleotide and the putative amino acid sequence, respectively, which suggested that the CP gene of PVY isolates is a relatively conserved sequence within the PVY genome, the homology between PVY-HBEI and PVYN and PVYO were 93.6% and 97.8% , resepectivly, thus itwas identified as an isolate of PVYO , the experiment also provided a rapid, sensitive and relatively inexpensive methods of PVY RT - PCR detection.
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研究简讯

研究报告

研究简讯

研究报告

  • Morphological Differentiation of the Flower Bud of Rosa persica
  • He Haiyang;Zhu Jinqi;Gao Qijie;Ueda Yoshihiro;Gao Junping;Hu Jianfang
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 331-334.
  • Abstract ( 1734 ) HTML ( 1352 ) PDF (1239KB) ( 1352 ) 　　　
  • The flower bud differentiation process of Rosa persica lasted for about 30 days from bract promordium differentiation in late March to carpel promordium formation in late Ap ril. The p rocess could be divided into six phases: before differentiation, bract differentiation phase, sepal differentiation phase, petal differentiation phase, stamen differentiation phase and pistil differentiation phase. Of them one time was occurred in differentiation of sepal primordium, and itmight be the reason of forming the simple layer of sepal. An larges of each floral promordium originated in peripheral zone cells of floralmeristem . The increase of cell number and diameter of apical pointwas higher in both extension phase and carpel differentiation phase.
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  • Effects of Eleva ted CO2 Concentration on Photosynthetic Rate, Growth andDevelopment in Anthurium andraeanum Lind. Leaves
  • Wang Jingming;;Li Yonghua;Huang Shengqin;Liu Lina;Ye Qingsheng
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 335-338.
  • Abstract ( 1648 ) HTML ( 1517 ) PDF (280KB) ( 1517 ) 　　　
  • The effects of elevation of CO2 on photosynthetic characteristics, growth rate and flowering of Anthurium andraeanum Lind. were studied in open-top plastic chambers. The results showed that plant grown under ambient CO2 〔(360 ±30) μmol·mol- 1 〕at 90 d after treatment, the plant height , leaf area, fresh
    and drymass have increased by 16.4% , 36.1% , 101.2% and 84.2% respectively than that 0 d after treatment. However, plant grown under elevated CO2 condition 〔(1 000 ±100) μmol·mol- 1 〕at that period, their physiological characteristics increased significantly by 72.9% , 65.6% , 217.6% and 199.1% respectively. Comparing with the ambient CO2 , elevated CO2 caused a marked rise in net photosynthetic rate (46.27% ) and more soluble sugar and starch accumulation in leaves, but significantly reduced their stomata conductance and chlorophyll content. In addition, elevated CO2 had little effect on Rubisco activity, and glycolate oxidase activity apparently decreased in leaves. There area great difference in flowering between ambient
    and elevated CO2 condition. No flowering occurred in the former, but the flowering percentage of the latter were 25% at 50 d and 80% at 90 d. It was considered that increase in CO2 concentration in a certain extent might be most beneficial for increasing photosynthetic rate and carbohydrate accumulation, and therefore, the vegetative growth and flowering were eventually promoted.
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  • The Effects of 6-BA on Multi-topbud Plant Growth of Dracaena sanderiana‘Virens’
  • Liu Fu Dongbiao
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 339-341.
  • Abstract ( 1470 ) HTML ( 1196 ) PDF (105KB) ( 1196 ) 　　　
  • Application of 6-BA to branches of Dracaena sanderiana ‘Virens’defoliated and with growth points removed shows that 6-BA at different concentrations has significant differences in its effect on the number of top buds, percentage of multi-top bud plant (with three ormore top buds) , length and diameter of top
    buds, growth in height and diameter of the stems, fresh root mass and qualified output rate. It also shows 6-BA at 60 mg·L - 1 as the best treatment concentration, at which the number of buds, percentage of multitop bud plant and qualified output rate can be significantly raised.
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综述

  • Advances in Researches of Turfgrass Germplasm Resources in China
  • Peng Yan;Zhang Xinquan;Zhou Shourong
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 359-364.
  • Abstract ( 1483 ) HTML ( 1892 ) PDF (226KB) ( 1892 ) 　　　
  • The previous preliminary surveys in the recent 20 years show that turfgrass germplasm resources are abundant existing in China. Many species of foreign introduction can be natively and naturally found in different climatic regions in China. In warm-season turfgrasses, Cynodon spp. extensively distribute in Xinjiang and southern China; and Zoysia spp. grow in northeastern and southwestern China whereas Eremochloa spp. exist in the middle areas. In cool-season turfgrasses, Poa spp. are in northeastern and southwestern China,Agrostis spp. are in Yunnan and Guizhou and Festuca spp. , however, mostly distribute in southwestern and northern China. Moreover, differentiated climate, landform and soil conditions result in rich ecotypes and varieties, which lead to huge potentialities for further development. Based on the analysis of the present research progress, strategies on study and utilization of turfgrass resources are suggested.
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新品种

  • A New Late Ripening Apple Variety‘Pink Lady’
  • Gao Hua;Zhao Zhengyang;Lu Yumiao;Yuan Jingjun;Wang Leicun;Liang Jun
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 365-365.
  • Abstract ( 1500 ) HTML ( 1139 ) PDF (143KB) ( 1139 ) 　　　
  • ‘Pink Lady’is a new apple variety selected from ‘Lady Walliams’ בGolden Delicious’by Australia. The variety has good characteristics. The fruit shape is column and good looking. The average fruit mass is 200 g, and the maximum is 306 g. It has high quality ( SSC 16.5% and TA 0.65% ) and long
    storage life. The ripening date is from the end of October to the early of November. The tree is early-bearing and has a high and constant yield.
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  • A New Early Ripening Pear Variety ‘Shiji Pear’
  • Yue Wenquan;Zhao Yongbo;Zhang Xinzhong;Zu Wenfang;Han Jicheng
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 366-366.
  • Abstract ( 1564 ) HTML ( 891 ) PDF (93KB) ( 891 ) 　　　
  • ‘Shiji Pear’ is a new early ripening and highly yielding variety selected from a single mutant line discovered in the Xiangqiu Pear Garden in Jinzhou City, Hebei Province. Its fruit has the nearly round or oblate shape with green-yellow skin. The average single fruitmass is 200 g, the maximum is 350 g. The soluble solid matter content is about 14.16%. The fresh has a sweet taste with light sour. It has high qualities ripened from the late July to the early October, and resistant to Pear Scab.
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  • A New Variety of Chinese Dwarf Cherry ( Cerasus humilis Bunge) ‘Nongda 3’
  • Cao Qin;Du Junjie;Wang Qinjun;Du Junmin
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 370-370.
  • Abstract ( 2297 ) HTML ( 1356 ) PDF (472KB) ( 1356 ) 　　　
  • ‘Nongda 3’ is a new variety selected from wild Chinese dwarf cherry (Cerasus humilis Bunge). The tree growth vigor ismiddle. It is 0.5 - 0.7 m high with a shrubby posture. The one-year-old shoot is erect. The average fruitmass is 6.5 g with yellow and some red skin. The fruit is round with sweet and a little sour taste. The average soluble solid content is 15.87%. Ripening period is in the last ten-day of August. And it bears a very high yield through cross pollination. The fruit can be eaten as table or p rocessed.It is fit to be planted in neutral or light acid soil of north China.
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  • New Cauliflower Var iety ‘J inpin 88’
  • Li Suwen;Sun Deling;Wen Yuan;Wang Gongshu;Zhang Baozhen;Fang Wenhui;Zhao Qiancheng;Liu Lili
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 371-371.
  • Abstract ( 1540 ) HTML ( 1043 ) PDF (447KB) ( 1043 ) 　　　
  • ‘Jinpin 88’ ( F1 ) is an autumn medium-late maturing cauliflower, with high resistance and vigorous growth. Harvest about 80 - 85 days after transplanting, curd is white and tight, average curd mass 1.1 - 1.5 kg, the yield is 18.8% - 28.7% higher than that of the control variety‘Jinxue 88’, the yield in is 45 000 - 75 000 kg/hm2.
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  • A New Chinese Cabbage F1 with Orange Color ‘Beijing Juhong 2’
  • Yu Yangjun;Chen Guang;Xu Jiabing;Zhang Fenglan;Sun Jizhi;Zhao Xiuyun;Zhang Deshuang
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 372-372.
  • Abstract ( 1857 ) HTML ( 1155 ) PDF (93KB) ( 1155 ) 　　　
  • ‘Beijing Juhong 2’ is a new Chinese cabbage hybrid variety developed by crossing self-incompatibility line 9456 with 912316. It has early-mid maturity, about 65 - 70 days from sowing to harvest, and resistance to virus, downy mildew and soft rot. It grows vigorously with dark green outer leaves, flat-topped head and orange color inner leaves of the head. Average head mass is about 2.0 kg. It is suitable for autumn cultivation in Beijing, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, and Hunan.
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  • A New Good Quality Melon Variety‘Mingzhu 1’
  • Ma Guobin;Yan Xiuqin;Ni Xiuhong;Zhang Hui
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 373-373.
  • Abstract ( 1488 ) HTML ( 1249 ) PDF (509KB) ( 1249 ) 　　　
  • ‘Mingzhu 1’ is a mid-early maturity variety with middle growth, high resistance to disease, easy fruits setting, and high yield. The fruit developing period is 35 - 40 days. Its fruit is round with white smooth peel and about 1.5 kg in average fruitmass. The fruit has good storage and shipping quality with white flesh, 4 cm in thickness, small inner cavity. The flesh is loose and soft in texture, faint scent, excellent taste and flavor, and soluble solid content is over 16%.
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  • A New Seedless Watermelon ‘Yuyi Boluom i’
  • Li Jianwu;Ma Changsheng;;Sun Zhongwei;;Zhang Jie
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 374-374.
  • Abstract ( 1991 ) HTML ( 1164 ) PDF (94KB) ( 1164 ) 　　　
  • ‘Yuyi Boluomi’is a seedless watermelon hybrid produced by Henan Yuyi Seed Company Ltd. . The variety is suitable for p lanting in greenhouse and open field in some areas in China. The average fruitmass is six to eight kilogram, the yield is about 37.5 - 45 t/hm2. The fruit is oval in shape with smooth dark-green stripes on its surface. The content of soluble solid material is about 12.5%. The fruit is delicious. It is resistant to diseases and very convenient to store and transport.
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  • A New Cucumis melo ‘Zhongtian 2’
  • Xu Yongyang;Xu Zhihong;Liu Junpu
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 375-375.
  • Abstract ( 1499 ) HTML ( 1228 ) PDF (146KB) ( 1228 ) 　　　

  • ‘Zhongtian 2’ is a variety of Cucum ism elo, it is suitable to cultivate in open fileds in west of China or in greenhouse in east. The fruit growth period is 30 - 35 days, the fruit sharp is ellip tical, the pericarp color is golden and the flesh is light red, its central soluble solids content of is 14% - 17%. The average
    fruitmass is 1.5 - 2.5 kg. It has very good quality as same as Hamimelon.

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  • New Varieties of Guoqing Potted Chrysanthemum with Small Inflorescences
  • Chen Fadi;Fang Weimin;Zhao Hongbo;Guan Zhiyong
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(02): 377-377.
  • Abstract ( 1997 ) HTML ( 1128 ) PDF (585KB) ( 1128 ) 　　　
  • Six varieties of Guoqing potted chrysanthemum with small inflorescences‘Xiafeng’, ‘Shuijinggong’, ‘Jinlingwanxia’, ‘Jinlingchixin’, ‘Jinlingguohuang’, ‘Jinlinghongxing’were bred by methods of radiation on self-pollinated seeds, seedling selection and crossing. The height of these six varieties varies from 15 to 40 cm, and the crown is large and symmetrical. These varieties are also characterized by strong ramification, flamboyant flower color and strong growth potential. The initial blooming date is on first ten days of Sep tember and the blooming date is on last ten days of September or the first ten days of October.
    So these six varieties are suitable for potting and meet the need of National Day (October 1).
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