Review

• Advances in the Studies on Salt Tolerance of Fruit Trees
• JIN Juan, LU Xiao-Yan, WANG Yi
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(9): 1761-1776.
• Abstract ( 565 ) HTML ( 2204 ) PDF (374KB) ( 2204 ) 　　　
• This paper reviews the injury of salt stress caused to fruit trees and the salt tolerance of
  different fruit trees. The physiological and biochemical responses of fruit trees to salt stress are discussed
  from cell membrane integraty，protective enzyme system，photosynthesis and osmotic adjustment
  respectively. This paper also summarizes the functional and regulatory genes involved in molecular
  response to salt stress，and the future research on salt stress of fruit trees is prospected.
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• Recent Advances in Viruses Infecting Grapevine
• REN Fang, DONG Ya-Feng, ZHANG Zun-Ping, FAN Xu-Dong, HU Guo-Jun, ZHOU Jun
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(9): 1777-1792.
• Abstract ( 542 ) HTML ( 2194 ) PDF (364KB) ( 2194 ) 　　　
• Virus disease is important for grapevine production. In order to understand the current research progress of grapevine viruses，the research progress in recent five years on isolation and identification of grapevine viruses，genetic variation，vectors，interaction with host，detection methods，virus elimination and antiviral techniques were reviewed.
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• Progresses in Study of Cross Protection Against Citrus tristeza virus
• ZHOU Yan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(9): 1793-1801.
• Abstract ( 423 ) HTML ( 966 ) PDF (256KB) ( 966 ) 　　　
• Citrus tristeza virus（CTV）causes stem pitting and quick decline that have caused devastating losses in global citrus production. At present，the best means to protect commercial citrus against endemic stem pitting isolates of CTV has been cross-protection with appropriate mild CTV isolates. Research was directed towards the selection and screening of mild strains of CTV which could protect against sour orange decline strains. In this paper，progress in cross protection against CTV，the screening of mild strains of CTV and the mechanism of cross protection were reviewed. Furthermore，the possible disadvantages for using cross protection against CTV were also discussed in order to lay a sound foundation for better control of the damage caused by CTV.
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• Research Progresses of Tomato Genome
• ZHANG Li-Hui, WANG Zhi-Min, GUO Hang, 吕Huan-Qing , AN Li-Yu, TANG Qing-Lin, SONG Ming
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(9): 1802-1810.
• Abstract ( 752 ) HTML ( 2597 ) PDF (256KB) ( 2597 ) 　　　
• This paper summarized the current researches related to tomato genome sequence in many fields，such as gene and phenotype，gene annotation，gene family and genomic research in other species. Then the significance for molecular breeding of tomatoes and the application prospect are put forward.
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• Fruit Ripening-related Transcription Factors in Tomato
• WANG Ying, KONG Jun-Hua, CHEN Wei-Wei, ZHOU Ting, LAI Tong-Fei
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(9): 1811-1820.
• Abstract ( 815 ) HTML ( 2986 ) PDF (445KB) ( 2986 ) 　　　
• In this paper，the latest research progresses about ripening-related transcription factors of Solanum lycopersicum Mill. acquiring from high-throughput sequencing，gene structure prediction，mutant screening and comparative omics were reviewed. It will provide the theoretical underpinnings for further illustrating the mechanism of transcriptional regulatory networks on tomato fruit ripening.
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• Progress on Genetic Control of Pungency and Capsaicinoid Biosynthesis in
  Capsicum spp.
• ZHANG Zheng-Hai, MAO Sheng-Li, WANG Li-Hao, ZHANG Bao-Xi
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(9): 1821-1832.
• Abstract ( 751 ) HTML ( 2423 ) PDF (327KB) ( 2423 ) 　　　
• The pungency of pepper（Capsicum spp.）is due to capsaicin，dihydrocapsaicin and other
  capsaicinoid biosynthesis in glands on the placenta dissepiment of the fruit. This paper reviews the genetic
  control and environmental effects on pungency，capsaicinoid biosynthesis pathway and evolution，QTL
  analysis of capsaicinoid content and marker-assisted selection breeding on Pun1 and pAMT in Capsicum spp.
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• Recent Advances in Germplasm，Cultivation，Propagation，Chemical Components and Leaf Color Regulation of Cotinus
• GE Yu-Xuan, ZHOU Xiao-Hong, LIU Yang, WANG Liang-Sheng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(9): 1833-1845.
• Abstract ( 408 ) HTML ( 1238 ) PDF (363KB) ( 1238 ) 　　　
• The recent research advances in germplasm resources and distribution，cultivation and management，propagation，chemical components and sustainable utilization of genus Cotinus were summarized，especially on the cultivation conditions of light，moisture and soil nutrients，the pest control，and propagation technologies which include semination，grafting，and tissue culture. In the meantime，the leaf color and chemical components of genus Cotinus were described in detail. The future directions in genetic breeding，leaf color regulation and utilization of chemical components were prospected. More specifically，the breeding of novel cultivars，leaf color regulation，functional components utilization，and Verticillium wilt control are future research focuses of genus Cotinus.
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• Advances and Perspectives in Plant Nectaries Studies
• SHU Jin-Shuai, LIU Yu-Mei, LI Zhan-Sheng, ZHANG Li-Li, FANG Zhi-Yuan, YANG Li-Mei, ZHUANG Mu, ZHANG Yang-Yong, SUN Pei-Tian
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(9): 1846-1860.
• Abstract ( 429 ) HTML ( 2632 ) PDF (435KB) ( 2632 ) 　　　
• This paper will summarize nectar component，nectaries type and structure，nectar secretion and the substances change during the secretion，the molecular mechanisms of nectaries development and nectar secretion，and the perspectives of the research trends on nectaries in the future.
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• Recent Advances in the Role of Light Quality and Phytochrome in Plant Defense Resistance Against Environmental Stresses
• YANG You-Xin, WANG Feng, CAI Jia-Xing, YU Jing-Quan, ZHOU Yan-Hong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(9): 1861-1872.
• Abstract ( 579 ) HTML ( 2648 ) PDF (288KB) ( 2648 ) 　　　
• Phytochrome is one of the most important photoreceptors sensing the changes of the surrounding environment，which not only plays an important role in regulation of plant growth and development，but also modulates plant stress responses against both biotic and abiotic stresses. Some researches indicated that mutation of the phytochromes decreases defense resistance against biotic stresses like pathogens，and herbivores infection as well as abiotic stresses including cold，heat，drought，salinity and so on. Plant responded to stress differentially with the changes in R/FR ratio，which was associated with salicylic acid（SA），jasmonic acid（JA）and abscisic acid（ABA）signaling transduction. This review summarized recent progress in the study of phytochromes and light quality in plant stress response and discussed the potential application of light environment and phytochrome regulation in horticulture industry.
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• Research Advances on Negative Regulators of Anthocyanin Accumulation
• YANG Lin, WANG Yu, YANG Jian-Fei, LI Yu-Hua
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(9): 1873-1884.
• Abstract ( 658 ) HTML ( 3176 ) PDF (445KB) ( 3176 ) 　　　
• Anthocyanin accumulation in plants is influenced by a number of positive and negative regulators. Previous studies mainly focused on the transcriptional activators，and several transcriptional repressors have been shown to negatively regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis recently. It is becoming increasingly clear that negative regulators play important roles in precise regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis responding to different developmental and environmental signals. In this paper，the latest advances in research progress of negative regulators in anthocyanin accumulation were reviewed from the aspects of structure，mechanism and regulatory pathway. These repressors can be divided into three types depending on their regulatory mechanism：Transcriptional repressors，posttranscriptional repressors and those with unclear mechanism. Finally，the new research directions of these regulators were discussed.
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• Research Advances of Virus-induced Gene Silencing（VIGS）
• SONG Zhen, LI Zhong-An, ZHOU Chang-Yong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(9): 1885-1894.
• Abstract ( 941 ) HTML ( 4469 ) PDF (291KB) ( 4469 ) 　　　
• Virus-induced gene silencing（VIGS）is an RNA-mediated antiviral defense mechanism of
  plant，and has been developed as a reverse genetics tool for gene function analysis recently. VIGS has
  many advantages compared to commonly used biotechnological tools such as gene transformation，gene
  knockout and antisense inhibition. It is rapid with low cost，no need for stable plant transformation，and
  allows a large-scale screening of genes. Consequently，the approach has been widely used in many plant
  species to characterize genes involved in various plant development processes，disease resistance，stress
  resistance，and metabolic regulation. This paper reviewed the mechanism and current improvements of
  VIGS，factors affecting VIGS response，and VIGS applications on plant functional genomics. Meanwhile，
  the promising application prospect on crop improvement and plant protection were also discussed.
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• Study Progress on Ethylene Signal Transduction
• MOU Wang-Shu, YING Tie-Jin
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(9): 1895-1912.
• Abstract ( 557 ) HTML ( 2197 ) PDF (428KB) ( 2197 ) 　　　
• This review summarizes major recent discoveries in key components of ethylene signaling pathway which have substantially expanded our view of regulatory networks of the ethylene action. The structure and function of the receptors，the negative regulator CTR1，the controversy on the involvement of MAPK cascade in the ethylene signaling，the mechanisms of EIN2 nuclear translocation，the stability control of EIN3/EILs as well as some other major advances about ethylene signaling made in the last few years are covered. Finally，several unsolved questions are raised for future studies that will help to build a more complete model of ethylene signal transduction.
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• EIN3/EIL and AP2/ERF are Involved in Transcriptional Regulation on Fruit Quality
• XU Qian, YIN Xue-Ren, CHEN Kun-Song
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(9): 1913-1923.
• Abstract ( 794 ) HTML ( 1450 ) PDF (273KB) ( 1450 ) 　　　
• In recent years，researches on ethylene signaling moved beyond the upstream receptor to EIN3/EILs and AP2/ERF transcription factors. In fruit，quality traits were influenced by ethylene and were also regulated by signaling components，such as transcriptional regulation by EIN3/EIL and AP2/ERF components. The present review covered progresses in transcriptional regulatory of EIN3/EIL and AP2/ERF was emphasized. Perspective for further exploration on transcriptional regulatory mechanism on fruit quality was also discussed.
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• Research Progress in Regulatory Role of Strigolactones in Shoot Branching
• WANG Mei, CHEN Hong-Wei, WANG Hong-Li, LIU Ke-Feng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(9): 1924-1934.
• Abstract ( 548 ) HTML ( 4055 ) PDF (338KB) ( 4055 ) 　　　
• The plant architecture of higher plants is regulated by environmental factors，genetic factors and phytohormones as well. Phytohormones play a critical role in regulating shoot branching. In addition to auxin and cytokinin，strigolactones are thought to be a new kind of hormone that regulate plant shoot branching. This review covers the regulatory roles for strigolactones，and its interaction with auxin and cytokinin in shoot branching regulation in higher plants. We also discuss the prospects in the gardening.
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New Cultivars

• A New Apple Cultivar‘Jihong’
• QIN Li-Zhe, YANG Su-Miao, DU Ji-Zhuang, SHI Hai-Qiang, XU Guo-Liang, ZHANG Jian-Jun, NI Qun-Zhou, ZU Wen-Fang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(9): 1935-1936.
• Abstract ( 1350 ) HTML ( 914 ) PDF (186KB) ( 914 ) 　　　
• ‘Jihong’apple cultivar is derived from ‘Nagafu 2’. The fruit is big，average fruit weight
  is 234 g，the largest is 500 g. The fruit skin is thick red，easy coloring and the coloring index amount to
  95%. The flesh is crisp，juicy，and moderate sweet-sour taste. The soluble solids content is 16.0%，and it
  has good qualities，high and stable yield. It’s mature during the end of October.
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• A New Jackfruit Cultivar‘Haida 3’
• LI Ying-Zhi, 吕Qing-Fang , FENG Feng, YE Chun-Hai-*, WU Dian, MAO Qi, WANG Jun-Ning, LI Hong-Bo, YANG Shao-Xia
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(9): 1937-1938.
• Abstract ( 790 ) HTML ( 982 ) PDF (174KB) ( 982 ) 　　　
• ‘Haida 3’is a new jackfruit cultivar of hard flesh type，bred by seedling selection. The
  cultivar is a small-fruit-type，and the fruit is oblong oval shaped，yellow colored，with an average fruit
  weight of 4.47 kg. The pulp of fruit is gold-yellow colored，crisp，fragrant，sweet and juicy. Average
  content of soluble solids，vitamin C and soluble protein in pulp of fruit is 27.50%，65.90 mg · kg-1 and 6.08
  g · kg-1，respectively. The matured fruit contains little latex，and the average edible rate of fruit pulp is
  56.95%. The average yield of single 5-year-old grafted tree is 47.85 kg. The cultivar is suitable for
  cultivation in the area of Leizhou Peninsula or others under the similar climate.
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• A New Mid-late Maturing Chinese Cabbage Cultivar‘Jin Baicai 7’
• ZHAO Mei-Hua, ZHAO Jun-Liang, WU Dong-Tang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(9): 1939-1940.
• Abstract ( 642 ) HTML ( 1182 ) PDF (143KB) ( 1182 ) 　　　
• ‘Jin baicai 7’is a new F1 Chinese cabbage cultivar with mid-late maturity，which crossed between self-incompatible lines‘2002-14-15’and‘2002-13-5-1’. Its vegetative period is 85–90 days. The plant has a height of 65–70 cm，a width of 60–65 cm，strong growth vigor，a straight shape with a loose central part. Its outer leaves are wrinkled and dark green with light green lobes，unconspicuous veins. The head is compact and is 65 cm in height，14–16 cm in transverse diameter. A single head weighs 3.5–4.0 kg，the production of minimally processed vegetables is 115.50–120.75 t ? hm-2. The variety has other good characters，such as high resistance to virus，downy mildew and soft rot diseases，high yielding，good commodity，less fiber，long storage time etc. It is suitable for planting as a mid-late maturing Chinese cabbage variety in autumn in many provinces of China，such as Shanxi，Hebei，Henan，Tianjin，Shandong，Liaoning，Guizhou etc.
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• A New Heat-resistant and Disease-resistant Chinese Cabbage Cultivar ‘Xiakang 608’
• ZOU Ming-Qian, WANG Cheng-Gang, ZHU Shi-Dong, SONG Jiang-Hua, ZHANG Hui, CHENG Yuan, SHAO Lu
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(9): 1941-1942.
• Abstract ( 435 ) HTML ( 704 ) PDF (318KB) ( 704 ) 　　　
• ‘Xiakang 608’is a new Chinese cabbage hybrid which is developed by crossing by two
  self-incompatible line‘g07-3-8’and‘w07-4-6’. It is precocity，high yield，heat-resistant and
  disease-resistant. The plant type is up-right and girdling，the height is about 22 cm and the expansion is
  about 25 cm × 26 cm. It has dark green glossy leaves which are unfolded and thick and crisp petioles. The
  single plant weights about 0.30 kg and the yield is about 52 500 kg · hm-2. It showed high quality and
  disease resistance in the fields and is suitable to be cultivated for summer sowing in the middle and south
  of China，especially the Yangzi River and Huaihe River.
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• A New Tomato Hybrid‘Huafan 11’Resistant to Tomato yellow leaf curl
  virus
• LI Han-Xia, QUAN Jian-Hua, XIANG Han, ZHANG Tao, YE Zhi-Biao
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(9): 1943-1944.
• Abstract ( 774 ) HTML ( 829 ) PDF (142KB) ( 829 ) 　　　
• ‘Huafan 11’is a newly released commercial tomato hybrid cultivar. Its parent lines are the
  inbred lines selected from the varieties of‘Qidali’developed by the Syngenta company and‘Dongnong
  709’by the Northeast Agricultural University. This cultivar is highly resistant to Tomato yellow leaf curl
  virus（TYLCV），root-knot nematode，wilt disease and leaf mold，and has the indeterminate plant habit，
  strong growth vigor，red fruit with round shape，no green shoulder，high firmness，and fruit weight 280
  g，the fruit with good taste and good quality. This cultivar is the mid-maturation and suitable for open field
  and protected facility growing.
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• A New Hot Pepper Cultivar‘Longjiao 8’
• WANG Lan-Lan, CHEN Ling-Zhi, WEI Bing-Qiang, ZHANG Ru
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(9): 1945-1946.
• Abstract ( 987 ) HTML ( 679 ) PDF (155KB) ( 679 ) 　　　
• ‘Longjiao 8’is a new early maturing pepper cultivar. The fruit is 25.0 cm long. The average fruit weight is 47 g. Fruits have wrinkle green skin and good quality. It has resistance to TMV and tolerance Phytophthora blight. The average yield is 69 950 kg ? hm-2. The variety is suitable for protected cultivation in north area.
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• A New Early-ripening Hot Pepper Cultivar‘Ganfeng 15’
• CHEN Xue-Jun, FANG Rong, ZHOU Kun-Hua, MIAO 南Sheng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(9): 1947-1948.
• Abstract ( 539 ) HTML ( 664 ) PDF (134KB) ( 664 ) 　　　
• ‘Ganfeng 15’is a new hot pepper hybrid. It grows moderately with compact plants and
  early maturing. The fruit is horn shaped，and middle pungent with green skin and bright red skin in
  maturity. The fruit is 18.4 cm long，1.9 cm wide，0.2 cm flesh thick. The average fruit weight is 21.6 g. The
  vitamin C content and the dry matter content in fruit are 1.46 mg · g-1 and 12.2% respectively. The yield of
  fresh fruit is about 30.0–52.0 t · hm-2. The cultivar is resistant to diseases and tolerant to high hot-wet，and
  appropriate cultivation area is in the Yangtze River Valley for spring early cultivation.
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• A New Loofah Cultivar‘Xiasheng 1’
• LI Lian-Fang, SUN Huai-Zhi, LIN Jian-Rong, GUO Shuang, CAO Cui-Wen
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(9): 1949-1950.
• Abstract ( 519 ) HTML ( 901 ) PDF (159KB) ( 901 ) 　　　
• ‘Xiasheng 1’is a new mid-precocity maturing loofah F1. It grows strongly with much branching and has high resistance. The skin color is light green. The fruit is short and straight in 35–40 cm length，5 cm width and the fruits mass is 250–350 g. In addition，its storability is strong. Normally，The yield is more than 45 000 kg ? hm-2. It has good productivity and high resistance to hypothermia. It is suitable for spring and autumn planting in southern China.
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• A New Ganoderma lucidum Cultivar‘Zhi 102’
• LIU Xin-Rui, KE Bin-Rong, WU Xiao-Ping, XIE Bao-Gui
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(9): 1951-1952.
• Abstract ( 1061 ) HTML ( 737 ) PDF (187KB) ( 737 ) 　　　
• The new Ganoderma lucidum cultivar‘Zhi 102’was generated by a cross from
  monokaryontic stains which were isolated from the parent’s strains‘Nanhan Lingzhi’and‘G8-2’through
  protoplast monokaryolization. In addition，it has many excellent characteristics，such as strong resistance，
  good quality，regularity and high yield.
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• A New Cerasus yedoensis Cultivar‘Qinyuanying’
• NIE Dong-Ling, WU Si-Zheng, BAI Wen-Fu, LIANG Wen-Bin
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(9): 1953-1954.
• Abstract ( 955 ) HTML ( 713 ) PDF (183KB) ( 713 ) 　　　
• The‘Qinyuanying’is a new Cerasus yedoensis cultivar，which was selected from the bud mutation of Cerasus yedoensis‘Somei-yoshino’. The‘Qinyuanying’is a deciduous tree that the leaves fall in November in Changsha City of China. The leaves at maturity are long elliptic，papery，with adaxial velutinous. There frequently are white velutinous on the petioles and two glands on their apexes. The flowers emerge before the leaves in early spring that the start of flowering is in middle to late of March and final flowering stage from end of March to early April. They are ovate with five petals.
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• A New Salvia splendens Cultivar‘Cailinghong’
• CHEN Hong-Wei, WANG Hong-Li, HONG Pei-Pei, SHI Ai-Ping, LIU Ke-Feng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(9): 1955-1956.
• Abstract ( 1164 ) HTML ( 857 ) PDF (205KB) ( 857 ) 　　　
• ‘Cailinghong’is a new Salvia splendens cultivar whose parent is self-topping mutant discovered from seedling progenies of wild resources planted in farm of Sanhe，Hebei. In the Beijing area under open field cultivation，the plant height is 35–45 cm，and the crown is 40–52 cm. Its calyx and corolla’s color is red. Planted in open filed at early spring，its flowering is in June to October，blooming is in September to October. The inflorescence length is shorter，3.5–8.2 cm，and the average number of flowers is 70–100 of single inflorescence. Compared with the the original strain，‘Cailinghong’natural branches flourishes，each branch internodes could germinate and elongate，and branches germinate up to the forth grade，and plant type is round and appears hemispherical shape.
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• A New Cultivar of Louisiana Iris‘Lanwen Baidie’
• ZHU Xu-Dong, TIAN Song-Qing, JIN Li-Min, HUO Yao, WANG Zhen
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(9): 1957-1958.
• Abstract ( 700 ) HTML ( 1098 ) PDF (152KB) ( 1098 ) 　　　
• Iris‘Lanwen Baidie’is a new Louisiana Iris cultivar with white color，big flower type which is derived from self-crossing‘Samurai Wish’בAcadian Miss’. It has the features of evergreen，aquatic，and cold-resistant plants. The plant height is about 90 cm and the crown is close to 70 cm. The flower color is white with blue pattern（RAL5012）. The average diameter of flower is 16.1 cm. Blooming is in early May under natural conditions. It has a propagation rate of 5.4，suitable for planting in the south of Huaihe Basin of China.
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• A New Sedum Cultivar‘Binhai Changsan’
• GUO Yan-Chao, WANG Wen-Cheng, ZHENG Li-Jin, SUN Yu, LIU Shan-Zi, DONG Wen-Qi, ZUO Yong-Mei
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(9): 1959-1960.
• Abstract ( 998 ) HTML ( 828 ) PDF (216KB) ( 828 ) 　　　
• ‘Binhai Changsan’is a new Sedum cultivar which was selected from natural species. It has excellent characteristics such as high ornamental value and resistance to salt and drought. The plant height is about 40.0 cm，its sprout is purple，and then turn green with growing. Cyme apical，its corolla with a average size of 10.5 cm in diameter，there are about 143.0 flowers on the whole plant，flower color is golden-yellow.‘Binhai Changsan’Sedum has the characteristics of high surface coverage and the extensive maintenance management，which is suitable for low-cost greening.
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