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2024, Vol.51, No.12 Previous Issue

Genetic & Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Biology

Flower Development and Nectar Secretion of Ziziphus jujuba‘Dongzao’ Under Facility Cultivation
XIE Wenjie, CHEN Xiling, SHI Guozhao, ZHANG Peng, LI Xingang, ZHANG Rui, DUAN Xiaoshan
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2024, 51(12): 2735-2742. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0070
Abstract ( 372 ) HTML ( 289 ) PDF (1716KB) ( 289 ) 　　　
In this study，by using Ziziphus jujuba‘Dongzao’as a model，the phenological phases of flower development were documented，the process of flower development and nectar secretion was tracked，and the quantity and sugar content of the nectar were assessed under the facility cultivation. The results showed that compared to the open field cultivation，facility cultivation significantly advanced the sprouting stage of jujube floral bud，extended the duration of individual flower blooming and peak flowering periods，and increased both the quantity and sugar content of nectar. Overall，under the facility cultivation，‘Dongzao’exhibited superior in phenological phases，flower development，as well as nectar composition and quantity，compared to those under the traditional open field cultivation.
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Differences in Occurrence of Fruit Sunburn Between Satsuma Mandarin and Ponkan Tangerine and Possible Mechanisms
WU Zhuoqun, CHEN Pengxu, CHEN Siyi, ZHANG Fuqiong, FANG Hong, ZHU Jian, XIE Zongzhou, LI Chunlong, LIU Jihong
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2024, 51(12): 2743-2757. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0513
Abstract ( 212 ) HTML ( 135 ) PDF (4516KB) ( 135 ) 　　　
Sunburn is a common physiological disorder in citrus production，but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. The study was carried out at Fenghuang Mountain，Banyue Town，Dangyang City，Hubei Province in 2021. Satsuma mandarin（Citrus unshiu Marc.）and Ponkan（C. reticulata）were used as experimental materials to investigate the difference in sunburn and potential mechanisms by examining peel injury degree，performing cytological observation，measuring antioxidant content and gene expression levels. The results showed that Satsuma mandarin was more susceptible to sunburn than Ponkan. Significant difference in the incidence rates of sunburn was observed between the two varieties，43.12% for Satsuma mandarin and 22.52% for Ponkan. Sunburn seriously influenced the compactness of pericarp cells and resulted in the accumulation of lignin. Satsuma mandarin fruits were found to accumulate greater level of reactive oxygen species（ROS）. In addition，nobiletin，a critical metabolite in the polymethoxyflavone metabolic pathway，was significantly enriched in Ponkan fruit peel. Consistently，transcript levels of CrCHS2，CrCHI and CrFNS，encoding crucial enzymes involved in biosynthesis of flavonoid，and CrOMT2 in the polymethoxyflavone pathway were significantly induced in the sunburnned Ponkan fruit peel. Taken together，these findings indicate that the main reason for the difference in sunburn between Satsuma mandarin and Ponkan is that the latter contains more antioxidant that can effectively decrease the ROS accumulation，thus leading to mitigation of sunburn-derived damage.
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Function Analysis of SlWRKY46 in Regulating Tomato Response to Low Temperature Stress
SUN Huiru, DANG Fengfeng, REN Min, ZHANG Jianing, FAN Bei, CHEN Guoliang, CHENG Guoting, WANG Yanfeng
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2024, 51(12): 2758-2774. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0014
Abstract ( 202 ) HTML ( 152 ) PDF (6426KB) ( 152 ) 　　　
In order to explore the function of SlWRKY46 in response to low temperature stress，the CDS sequence of SlWRKY46 cloned from tomato‘Micro-Tom’leaves was analyzed. The result showed that SlWRKY46 belonged to Ⅱa group of WRKY family and encoded 253 amino acids. SlWRKY46 was localized in the nucleus by subcellular localization analysis. SlWRKY46 had no transcriptional activation activity in yeast. SlWRKY46 could form homologous dimers by yeast two-hybrid yeast（Y2H）. The results of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR（qRT-PCR）showed that the expressions of SlWRKY46 were significantly induced by low temperature and abscisic acid（ABA）. The GUS staining of SlWRKY46 promoter transgenic tomato also cloud be induced by low temperature and ABA. The overexpressed SlWRKY46 tomato lines had higher cold tolerance compared with wild-type. The overexpressed SlWRKY46 tomato lines exhibited lower reactive oxygen species accumulation and malondialdehyde levels，and higher antioxidant enzyme activities and proline accumulation compared with wild-type under low temperature treatment. The expression levels of genes related to antioxidant enzyme and ABA showed significant differences between overexpressed SlWRKY46 tomato lines and wild-type under low temperature treatment. Taken together，these results indicated that SlWRKY46 positively regulated the cold tolerance of tomato by antioxidant enzyme and ABA pathways.
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Identification and Expression Analysis of Trihelix Gene Family in Common Bean
LUO Xinrui, ZHANG Xiaoxu, WANG Yuping, WANG Zhi, MA Yuanyuan, ZHOU Bingyue
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2024, 51(12): 2775-2790. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0972
Abstract ( 180 ) HTML ( 90 ) PDF (6349KB) ( 90 ) 　　　
In this study，bioinformatics analysis of the common bean Trihelix gene family were performed，and the expression of the PvTrihelixes under adversity stress were examined using transcriptomic data（RNA-seq）and fluorescence quantitative PCR（qRT-PCR）. The results showed that 40 PvTrihelixes genes were identified in common bean genome，which unevenly distributed on 11 chromosomes. Phylogenetic analyses classified PvTrihelixes into five subfamilies（GT-1，GT-2，GTγ，SIP1 and SH4）. Five subfamilies were essentially similar in terms of gene structure and conserved motifs. Covariance analysis revealed there are 5 pairs of tandem repeat and 9 pairs of fragment repeat in PvTrihelixes. The promoter analysis revealed that PvTrihelixes contain cis-acting elements related to growth and development，light，hormones，and stress response. Tissue expression analysis revealed the presence of tissue expression specificity in PvTrihelix，and the genes with higher expression levels in flowers all belonged to members of the GT-2 subfamily and the SIP1 subfamily. The qRT-PCR results showed that PvTrihelix6/7/10/11 were significantly up-regulated under drought（6% PEG），PvTrihelix1/21/25/26/31/35 were up-regulated in response to low temperature（4 ℃），and PvTrihelix21/23/25/27/28/40were significantly up-regulated under salt（100 mmol · L^-1 NaCl）stress.
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Promoter of Vegetable Soybean GmDi19-3 Responds to Salt Stress and Exogenous ABA and MeJA
FENG Zhijuan, LIU Na, ZHANG Guwen, BU Yuanpeng, WANG Bin, GONG Yaming
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2024, 51(12): 2791-2799. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0934
Abstract ( 111 ) HTML ( 27 ) PDF (1711KB) ( 27 ) 　　　
To clarify the regulation function of vegetable soybean GmDi19-3 promoter，the expression patterns of GmDi19-3 gene in different tissues and in response to salt stress and exogenous plant growth regulators were analyzed. The promoter of GmDi19-3 was cloned and cis-acting element composition was analyzed. The promoter of GmDi19-3 was fused with the GUS gene in the expression vector which was stably expressed in Arabidopsis. The promoter activity of GmDi19-3 was detected in the transgenic plants. Typical salt stress and exogenous ABA and MeJA signal inducible expression patterns of GmDi19-3 were observed. The promoter of GmDi19-3 harbored abiotic stress and hormone signal responsive elements. Based on the GUS staining and activity detection assays，it was verified that salt stress and exogenous ABA and MeJA signals obviously enhanced the promoter activity of GmDi19-3 in the leaf，stem and root of transgenic plants. These results suggested that GmDi19-3 promoter played key roles in response to salt stress，and exogenous ABA and MeJA signals.
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Transcriptome Analysis of the Response of Tree Peony‘Hu Hong’Under High Temperature Stress
BU Wenxuan, YAO Yiping, HUANG Yu, YANG Xingyu, LUO Xiaoning, ZHANG Minhuan, LEI Weiqun, WANG Zheng, TIAN Jianing, CHEN Lujie, QIN Liping
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2024, 51(12): 2800-2816. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0941
Abstract ( 166 ) HTML ( 109 ) PDF (5183KB) ( 109 ) 　　　
To analyze the molecular regulation mechanism of tree peony（Paeonia suffruticosa）in southern China，‘Hu Hong’was selected as the test material，the leaves treated at 20 ℃ and 40 ℃ were collected after 0，2，6，12 and 24 h，respectively. Transcriptomics and physiological and biochemical indicators were used to explore the differences in gene expression at different treatment times under high temperature stress. The result showed that the leaves showed water loss and biofilm damage，the relative conductivity of leaves and the proline content increased significantly with the prolongation of high temperature stress time. Free proline，relative conductivity and soluble protein were identified as important indicators to measure the changes of physiological mechanism in the response of peony to high temperature stress. A total of 492 693 unigene and 840 509 transcripts were generated by RNA-seq. 36 174 differentially expressed genes（DEGs）were annotated in 5 databases including GO and KEGG. The GO analysis showed that the main enrichment pathways were the reaction pathway to heat and the cycle pathway of reduced pentose phosphate. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that DEG is involved in signal transduction，photosynthesis and metabolism play a major role in responding to high temperature stress. Among the DEGs，multiple candidate genes and transcription factors involved in heat stress have been screened out，such as heat shock transcription factors PSHSFA2b，PSHSFA3，PSHSFB2a，PSHSFB2b，PSHSFB4，PSHSFC1 and some NAC，MYB，bHLH family genes. The expression of 11 selected genes under high temperature stress was detected by qRT-PCR，and the results were similar to RNA seq.
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Cloning and ABA Transport Function Analysis of CsNPF6.1/6.3 in Tea Plants
YUAN Qingyun, HAN Yu, HE Wei, SU Hui, BAN Qiuyan, WU Chunlai, ZHOU Qiongqiong, XU Wenjing, WANG Liyuan, ZHANG Fen
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2024, 51(12): 2817-2828. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0768
Abstract ( 141 ) HTML ( 72 ) PDF (2125KB) ( 72 ) 　　　
To explore the hormone transport characteristics of tea（Camellia sinensis）NPF transporter，two complete NPF genes（CsNPF6.1 and CsNPF6.3）were cloned from‘Longjing 43’leaves. The CDS（coding sequence）of CsNPF6.1 and CsNPF6.3 were 1 665 bp and 1 788 bp encoding 554 and 595 amino acids，respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CsNPF6.1 and CsNPF6.3 had the highest identical sequence identity with ClNPF（Camellia lanceoleosa），which were 98.19% and 97.82% respectively. Both CsNPF6.1 and CsNPF6.3 were predicted to be located in the plasma membrane and were typical membrane transporters. Tissue-specific expressions revealed that they were expressed in tender leaves，mature leaves，and roots，and mainly accumulated in tender leaves. Under ABA treatment，the expression levels of CsNPF6.1 and CsNPF6.3 were significantly decreased in tender leaves，but significantly increased in roots. According to the identification of ABA-dependent yeast two-hybrid system，CsNPF6.1 and CsNPF6.3 could promote the growth of transgenic yeast cells and could significantly increase the content of ABA in yeast cells under 100 μmol · L^-1 ABA condition. In conclusion，both CsNPF6.1 and CsNPF6.3 in tea plants have the function to transport ABA.
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Genetic Transformation of Lycium Barbarum TGA2 Gene in Arabidopsis Enhances Its Salt Tolerance
YANG Xue, HU Jinhong, LI Jingjing, ZHANG Yingcai, WANG Lingxia, LIANG Wenyu
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2024, 51(12): 2829-2842. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0015
Abstract ( 109 ) HTML ( 36 ) PDF (3421KB) ( 36 ) 　　　
In this study，TGA2 was cloned by RACE method from Lycium barbarum and performed sequence analysis. The TGA2 promoter sequence was cloned by PCR，and the overexpression vector pCAMBIA 2300EGFP-TGA2 was constructed to transform Arabidopsis thaliana. TGA2 subcellular localization was performed，and the response of the transformed A. thaliana to NaCl stress was also analyzed. The results show that TGA2 has a total length of 2 281 bp and encoded 493 amino acids. The upstream promoter sequence of TGA2 is 2 479 bp，with multiple cis-acting elements involved in plant hormone and light signal response. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the amino acid sequence of TGA2 from L. barbarum is highly similar to that of TGA2 from Anisodus acutangulus. TGA2 is located in the nucleus and exhibits transcriptional activation activity. Under different concentrations of NaCl stress，the expression level of TGA2 in transgenic A. thaliana was higher than that in wild-type，and the tolerance of transgenic TGA2 A. thaliana to NaCl stress was significantly enhanced. Physiological level test showed that under the same concentration of NaCl stress，the content of ABA，SA，and SST in TGA2 transgenic A. thaliana was significantly increased compared to wild-type. Under the stress of 0-100 mmol · L^-1 NaCl，the GST activity of TGA2 transgenic A. thaliana was higher than that of wild-type. Under 300 mmol · L^-1 NaCl stress，TGA2 transgenic A. thaliana showed higher SOD，POD，and CAT activities and lower MDA content compared to wild-type. These indicate that TGA2 gene can effectively alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidation caused by salt stress in A. thaliana，and enhance its resistance to salt stress.
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Cultivation·Physiology & Biochemistry

Effects of Potassium Fulvic Acid on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Fruit Quality of‘Cabernet Gernischt’Grape
YANG Jiangshan, CHEN Yajuan, DAI Zibo, LI Dou, SHAO Zhang, JIN Xin, WANG Yuhang, WANG Chunheng
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2024, 51(12): 2843-2856. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0036
Abstract ( 144 ) HTML ( 53 ) PDF (3721KB) ( 53 ) 　　　
In order to investigate the effects of fulvic acid potassium（FA-K）on photosynthesis of grape leaves and fruit quality. In this experiment，the wine grape‘Cabernet Gernischt’was used as the test material，and different concentrations（30，60，90，120 mg · L^-1）of FA-K were sprayed on the leaves at flowering stage，fruit setting stage，expansion stage and color turning stage，and spraying water was used as the control. The photosynthetic pigment content，photosynthetic parameters，chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and fruit quality were measured under different treatments. The results showed that FA-K treatment significantly increased the content of chlorophyll a，chlorophyll b，total chlorophyll and carotene in leaves of‘Cabernet Gernischt’at different growth stages，enhanced P_n，T_r，G_s，F_v/F_m，Y(Ⅱ)，q_P，q_Nand ETR，and reduced C_i and Y(NPQ). The effect of 90 mg · L^-1FA-K treatment was the most significant. At the same time，FA-K also had a certain effect on improving fruit quality. In particular，90 mg · L^-1 treatment significantly promoted the accumulation of total soluble sugar，soluble solids，tannins，total phenols，flavonoids and anthocyanins in fruit，which increased by 25.96%，13.81%，27.73%，63.89%，9.48% and 78.57%，respectively，compared with the control，while the relative content of titratable acid was only 0.54%，which was 26.03% lower than that of the control. Principal component analysis results showed that the effects of different concentrations of FA-K on the photosynthetic and fruit quality of‘Cabernet Gernischt’grape leaves were as follows：90 mg · L^-1 treatment > 60 mg · L^-1 treatment > 120 mg · L^-1 treatment > 30 mg · L^-1 treatment > the control. In summary，FA-K treatment can significantly enhance the photosynthesis of grape leaves and improve fruit quality，and the effect of 90 mg · L^-1 is the most significant.
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Analysis and Evaluation of Heat Tolerance of Actinidia arguta Cultivars in Extreme Arid Area
WANG Haizhen, YING Yaolin, WANG Yuqing, LÜ Ruiheng, HAN Lu
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2024, 51(12): 2857-2870. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0676
Abstract ( 105 ) HTML ( 38 ) PDF (1289KB) ( 38 ) 　　　
Using three Actinidia arguta cultivars as experimental materials，the relative electrical conductivity（REC），gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters，physio-biochemical indexes and field growth performances，heat injury index under artificial-manipulated and ambient high temperature stresses were measured. The heat tolerance was evaluated using fuzzy membership functions over multiple indictor varaibles. The results showed that the relationships between REC and temperature in three tested cultivars conformed well with the Logistic equation. The variation in REC of all A. arguta cultivars with artificial-manipulated increasing temperature followed a S shaped curve. The semi-lethal temperature（LT₅₀）for‘Longcheng 2’‘Minda’and‘Kangtian’were estimated to be 44.60，41.92 and 39.69 ℃，respectively. The failure time of‘Longcheng 2’and‘Minda’under their LT₅₀ were 85 and 76 min，respectively. REC，chlorophyll fluorescence parameters，malondialdehyde（MDA）content and free proline（Pro）content of the three cultivars showed little adjustemnts at < 35 ℃，while photosynthesis and physiological metabolism were drastically mediated at > 40 ℃，resulting in increased membrane peroxidation degree and decreased photosynthetic efficiency. Meanwhile，maximum photochemical efficiency（F_v/F_m），actual photochemical efficiency（Φ_PSⅡ），electron transport rate（ETR），photochemical quenching（q_P），total chlorophyll content[Chl（a + b）]，net photosynthetic rate（P_n），water use efficiency （WUE），transpiration rate（T_r）and Pro of‘Longcheng 2’were the highest among three cultivars，and significantly higher than those of‘Kangtian’. On the contrary，‘Kangtian’was the highest with respect to the yield for dissipation by down-regulation（Y_NPQ），the yield of other non-photochemical losses（Y_NO），the relative limitation of photosynthesis（L_PTF），MDA and REC，indicating that its’ PSⅡ reaction center had been most damaged by high temperature. In the growing season，field-grown‘Longcheng 2’had faster growth in shoot length，base diameter，leaf thickness and higher relative chlorophyll content（SPAD），and its growth rate was significantly higher than that of the other two cultivars，with slighter leaf damage and the lowest heat injury index under high temperature. LT₅₀ was positively correlated with Φ_PSⅡ，ETR and q_P（P < 0.05），and negatively correlated with L_PTF and MDA（P < 0.01）. Heat injury index was negatively correlated with P_n，Chl（a + b），WUE，F_v/F_m，Pro，Φ_PSⅡ and q_P（P < 0.01），but positively correlated with REC and MDA（P < 0.01）. Simutenously，the heat injury index was negatively correlated with growth rate and LT₅₀（P < 0.01），and the LT₅₀ was positively correlated with the growth rate（P < 0.01）. The rank of heat tolerance in terms of semi-lethal temperature was consistent with the results of a comprehensive evaluation based on physiological indexes and heat injury index. These results indicate that REC，photosynthetic parameters，physio-biochemical indexes and heat injury index can be used to indicate heat tolerance of A. arguta cultivars. Altogether，the rank of heat tolerance was determined as follow：‘Longcheng 2’（strong heat tolerance）>‘Minda’（medium heat tolerance）>‘Kangtian’（weak heat tolerance）.
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Influences of Dwarfing Intermediate Stock SC1 on Apple Photosynthetic Characteristics and Fruit Quality
LIN Lu, YU Lu, XIE Peng, LI Zhiqiang, WANG Hongning, ZHAO Guoping, NIU Zimian
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2024, 51(12): 2871-2885. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0143
Abstract ( 91 ) HTML ( 27 ) PDF (1671KB) ( 27 ) 　　　
The current study aims to investigate the influences of dwarfing intermediate stock SC1 on apple photosynthetic regulation characteristics and fruit quality. By using 15-year-old‘Honggala’and ‘Jinfu 4’grafted on Malus robusta rootstock（BLHT）（as two controls）and SC1 grafted on controls（as two treatments）as materials，the fluorescence quenching dynamics，the responses of leaf net photosynthetic rate（P_n）to photosynthetically active radiation（PAR）and leaf P_n to intercellular CO₂ concentration（C_i）as well as fruit quality indices of‘Honggala’and‘Jinfu 4’were measured and compared. Results showed that，in comparison with Honggala/BLHT and Jinfu 4/BLHT，the application of SC1 improved the capture efficiency of light energy（F_v′/F_m′），photochemical quenching coefficient（q_P），quantum efficiency（Φ_CO2）and actual PSⅡ efficiency under irradiance（Φ_PSII）of both the two scion cultivars. Meanwhile，the SC1 application suppressed the non-photochemical quenching coefficient（q_N）in Honggala and Jinfu 4. The leaf maximum net photosynthetic rate（P_nmax,P），light utilization range（I_u）and supplying rate of triose phosphate（V_tpu）of Honggala/SC1/BLHT and Jinfu 4/SC1/BLHT were also found to be significantly higher than those of Honggala/BLHT and Jinfu 4/BLHT. Besides，photosynthetic mesophyll limitations（L_M），CO₂ compensation point of dark respiration under light（Γ^*）and Michaelis constant of Rubisco to CO₂（K_c）and to O₂（K_o）were decreased significantly in Honggala/SC1/BLHT and Jinfu 4/SC1/BLHT than in Honggala/BLHT and Jinfu 4/BLHT. The application of SC1 also influenced greatly the fruit quality indices of Honggala and Jinfu 4. The coloring area and value of red chromaticity in peel were increased significantly in Honggala/SC1/BLHT than in Honggala/BLHT（by 13.7% and 43.2%）and in Jinfu 4/SC1/BLHT than in Jinfu 4/BLHT（by 42.5% and 37.6%）. The soluble solids content in flesh （increased from 14.1% to 15.2% in Honggala and from 14.9% to 15.9% in Jinfu 4）and total phenolic compounds content in peel and in flesh（by 66.9%-72.2% and 45.4%-84.4%，respectively）were increased significantly in fruits of Honggala/SC1/BLHT and Jinfu 4/SC1/BLHT compared to Honggala/BLHT and Jinfu 4/BLHT. Based on the result obtained in this study，it can be concluded that the application of dwarfing intermediate stock can alter the capture，partitioning and utilization efficiencies of light energy in apple leaves，decrease photosynthetic mesophyll limitation，enhance leaf biochemical reaction and photosynthetic rate，and finally lead to improved leaf photosynthetic capacity and boosted fruit quality.
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Study on the Regulation of Lactate Dehydrogenase on Mycelia Growth of Pleurotus ostreatus Under Low Temperature and Light
WU Baizeng, JIANG Yuqing, HE Qi, HUANG Chenyang, ZHANG Lijiao, ZHAO Mengran
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2024, 51(12): 2886-2894. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0955
Abstract ( 81 ) HTML ( 10 ) PDF (2705KB) ( 10 ) 　　　
In order to study the effect of lactate dehydrogenase on mycelial growth of Pleurotus ostreatus under the environmental stimulation of low temperature and light，the expression profiles of lactate dehydrogenase were analyzed，and the influences of exogenous lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor，lactic acid，and pyruvic acid on the mycelial growth were observed. The results showed that lactate dehydrogenase could accelerate mycelial growth in 12 h of light alternated with 12 h of darkness at 15 ℃. Inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase enzyme activity would cause the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase （PDH）to be decreased by 15.02%，which giving rise to the decreasing flux of pyruvic acid into the tricarboxylic acid cycle，the production of ATP reduced by 14.78%，and the intracellular contents of lactic acid and pyruvic acid increased by 18.97% and 12.57%，respectively. The accumulation of lactic acid and pyruvic acid could induce increased activities of alcohol dehydrogenase，which leading to the increase of NAD⁺ content and the imbalance of NADH/ NAD⁺ ratio，and therefore the inhibition of mycelial growth.
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New Technologies and New Methods

Evaluation of Freezing Tolerance in Loquat Young Fruit Based on the Survival Percentage of Fruit Clusters After Cold Spell
GE Hang, LI Xiaoying, WANG Zhixuan, ZHU Qixuan, CHEN Junwei, XU Hongxia
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2024, 51(12): 2895-2912. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0992
Abstract ( 79 ) HTML ( 46 ) PDF (1094KB) ( 46 ) 　　　
This study utilized a hybrid offspring population as its experimental material. The survival of young fruits was investigated based on conspicuous differences in fruit size between frozen-injured and surviving young fruits during the fruit enlargement period. The number of survived young fruits per plant（variable X），the average number of survived young fruits per fruit cluster（variable Y），and the percentage of survived fruit clusters（variable Z）were custom-defined and transformed into three data samples. The kurtosis，skewness，and probability density distribution functions of each sample indicated that variable Z exhibited a closer approximation to a normal distribution compared with X or Y. Following Box-Cox transformation，variables Y and Z successfully passed the Shapiro-Wilk test，confirming their adherence to a normal distribution. The optimal values for parameters used in the definitions of Y and Z were determined by introducing the variable S，which assessed the degree to which the data conformed to a normal distribution and maintained a relatively large sample size. The findings revealed that setting parameter a（the expected yield）to 4 and parameter b（the number of fruit clusters）to 12 yielded data samples of the average number of survived fruit clusters（Y）and the percentage of survived fruit clusters（Z）that most closely aligned with a normal distribution while maximizing the sample size. At this juncture，the Box-Cox transformation of the（Y）variable was deemed inconsequential，whereas the transformation of the（Z）variable coincidentally corresponded to a logarithmic transformation. The results of this study suggest that the percentage of survived fruit clusters（Z）can effectively reflect both freezing tolerance and yield，with data acquisition being simple and efficient，thus rendering it suitable for large-scale freezing tolerance evaluation in loquat hybrid offspring.
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Screening and Identification of Interacting Proteins of CsMYC2 and CsMPK6 in Citrus Based on Pull-Down/MS Technique
JIANG Zhenghua, LIU Shengjun, LIU Wenjie, WEI Ranran, HE Zhengchen, CHENG Chao, TANG Zheng, LIU Baoyan, XIE Zongzhou, YE Junli, CHAI Lijun, YUE Pengtao, DENG Xiuxin
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2024, 51(12): 2913-2927. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0744
Abstract ( 165 ) HTML ( 88 ) PDF (3019KB) ( 88 ) 　　　
The purpose of this study is to explore the interaction network of CsMPK6-CsMYC2 module and identify the proteins involved in the citrus peel coloring process mediated by jasmonic acid through the interaction screening with CsMPK6-CsMYC2 module. To this purpose，Pull-Down with mass spectrometry technique（Pull-Down/MS）was performed to screen and identify the CsMPK6-CsMYC2 interacting proteins using the total proteins isolated from MeJA-treated citrus fruit. The interactive proteins were involved in secondary metabolites biosynthesis，plant mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway，ribosome pathway，stress response，hormone response，abiotic stress responses and other biological processes according to bioinformatics analysis. Among them，trihelix transcription factor CsGT2 and germin-like protein CsGLP play important roles in fruit development. Therefore，the interactions of CsGT2 with CsMYC2，CsGLP with CsMPK6 and CsGLP with CsMYC2 were further confirmed. The promoters of CsGT2 and CsGLP contained multiple cis-acting elements involving in light，hormone and stress-response. This work provides a reference for species that are difficult to screen interacting proteins by using yeast two-hybrid system and IP-MS technology. Meanwhile，this work provides gene pool for further study regarding the regulatory network for the jasmonate-induced coloration in citrus fruit.
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Reviews

Research Advances in the Regulation of Plant Hormones in Citrus Fruit Maturation
JIANG Bo, LÜ Yuanda, LIU Shumei, YAN Huaxue
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2024, 51(12): 2928-2944. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0204
Abstract ( 173 ) HTML ( 99 ) PDF (556KB) ( 99 ) 　　　
Citrus is usually considered as a typical non-climacteric fruit，with abscisic acid being primarily associated with citrus fruit maturity. However，other hormones，such as ethylene，gibberellin，auxin，also contribute significantly to the maturity and color transition of citrus. In production，a variety of natural hormones and synthetic plant growth regulators are commonly utilized to extend the marketing period of citrus fruits and improve postharvest preservation. This paper provides a comprehensive review of current research advances concerning the role of plant hormones on the maturation of citrus fruits. It delves into the complex relationships between these hormones and investigates the regulatory mechanisms controlled by related transcription factors. The primary aim is to provide reference for further research.
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Advances in Research on Membrane Lipid Peroxidation Reaction During the Quality Deterioration Period of Fresh Pepper
ZHANG Shaoping, LI Zhou, JU Yudong, LIAN Dongmei, LIN Bizhen, YAO Yunfa, WU Songhai, HONG Jianji, LAI Zhengfeng
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2024, 51(12): 2945-2961. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0063
Abstract ( 98 ) HTML ( 38 ) PDF (859KB) ( 38 ) 　　　
Postharvest fresh peppers require respiratory processes，which lead to changes in their appearance，flavor and nutritional quality，accompanied by membrane lipid peroxidation and a series of protective enzymes reactions. This review paper systematically introduced the changes in appearance qualities，such as fruit hardness，color，weight loss，and rotten phenomenon of postharvest fresh pepper，as well as the changes in flavor substances like vitamin C，soluble protein，sugar and acid etc. Furthermore，the production of various reactive oxygen species and membrane lipid peroxidation products were summarized，as well as enzymatic and non-enzymatic defense reactions during the quality deterioration process of postharvest fresh pepper. Additionally，the mechanism of membrane lipid peroxidation reaction occurring was introduced in the delaying quality deterioration period of fresh pepper after storage and preservation through physical，biological，chemical，and compounded approaches.
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Research Progress on the Wound-Healing Mechanism and Methods of Tuber and Root Crop
LIU Xiaoyu, WANG Caixia, YE Qi, LI Cheng, FANG Zhengfeng, CHEN Hong, CHEN Saiyan, ZENG Zhen
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2024, 51(12): 2962-2976. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0800
Abstract ( 54 ) HTML ( 18 ) PDF (1530KB) ( 18 ) 　　　
Tuber and root crops are susceptible to get mechanical damages during harvesting and transportation. Proper postharvest wound-healing treatment can effectively inhibit decay and quality deterioration in tuber and root crops caused by mechanical damages during storage. In this paper，the mechanisms of healing tissue formation are reviewed，and the wound-healing methods of tuber and root crops are summarized. The purpose of this paper is to provide reference for further in-depth study of the wound-healing mechanism，and exploring more safe，efficient，economic and convenient wound-healing methods for tuber and root crops in the future.
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Application of Digital PCR in Plant Research
GAO Yuan, MA Yuehua, ZHANG Panpan, SHU Sheng, CHEN Sumei
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2024, 51(12): 2977-2988. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0971
Abstract ( 124 ) HTML ( 37 ) PDF (1285KB) ( 37 ) 　　　
Digital PCR（dPCR）is a newly emerged technology to quantify the absolute nucleic acid content with high-sensitivity in recent years. It can achieve absolute quantification of the initial concentration of the sample without the need to rely on reference or standard curve，with characteristics of high sensitivity，specificity，and accuracy. This article discusses the basic principle of dPCR，and reviews its applications in the detection of genetically modified plants，plant pathogen diagnosis，copy number variation，gene expression research，and further perspectives for the application of dPCR in plants.
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New Cultivars

A New Cultivar of Early Mature Miniature Headed Chinese Cabbage‘Jinwawa 560’
ZHANG Hong, WANG Chaonan, FAN Weiqiang, HUANG Zhiyin, LIU Xiaohui, LI Mei, ZHANG Bin
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2024, 51(12): 2989-2990. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0335
Abstract ( 84 ) HTML ( 26 ) PDF (526KB) ( 26 ) 　　　
‘Jinwawa 560’is a hybrid cultivar of Chinese cabbage with extremely early maturity，which is formed by crossing two self incompatible lines YP19 and CWP through multiple generations of self pollination. The plant has a beautiful appearance，with a spherical straight tube folded，semi upright shape. The outer leaves are dark green，and the inner leaves are yellow. The height of the ball is about 23 cm，the diameter of the ball is about 14 cm，and the net weight of single plant is 1.2-1.5 kg. It can be cultivated as a small specialized cultivar of early maturing Chinese cabbage in spring and autumn. The whole growth period is about 60-65 days. It is resistant to bolting and has strong resistance to virus disease and Downy mildew.
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A New Ornamental Lotus Cultivar‘Lianyun Hancui’
JI Jianbin, ZHAO Guangsheng, LI Qingqing, CUI Jianping, CHEN Mingyue
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2024, 51(12): 2991-2992. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-014
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‘Lianyun Hancui’is a new ornamental lotus cultivar developed by crossbreeding ‘Jiaorong Sanbian’as the female parent and‘Bawang Pao’as the male parent. The plant is of medium to small plant type with vertical leaf height of 85-105 cm.The flower height is 105-116 cm. The flowers are dense，22-27 flowers per plant in square groove with side length of 100 cm and a depth of 50 cm. The flowers are bowl shaped or stacked ball shaped. The flower color is green at the beginning and yellow green color when in full bloom.The pistil is all vesicular，and the most part stamens petalized. The lotus cultivar is suitable for cultivation in most areas of China.
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A New Cultivar of Lonicera‘Chiyan 1’
LIU Ancheng, WANG Qing, LI Yan, YU Qian
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2024, 51(12): 2993-2994. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-1258
Abstract ( 66 ) HTML ( 21 ) PDF (1007KB) ( 21 ) 　　　
‘Chiyan 1’is a hybrid Lonicera new cultivar selected from F₁ of female parent Lonicera × browni Carr. and male parent L. × tellmanniana Magyar ex Späth. The cultivar is deciduous vine，leaves and plate leaves margin are wavy，and leaf blade adaxially is green with purple-brown or yellow-green irregular stripes，blade abaxially is gray. The inflorescence type is terminal spike consist of 1-3 whorls with 6 flowers per whorl，short or no whorl spacing，inflorescence densely. Corolla tube and corolla lobes abaxial rose red，and adaxially initially orange-yellow later orange-red. The corolla is lip-shaped，the lower lip is about 1/3 of the flower length，and the upper lip split into 4 petals. The flowering period is middle to late April. This cultivar has good flowering and high ornamental value.
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