Research Papers

• Genome-wide Identification and Abiotic Stress Response Analysis of MLP Family Genes in Apple
• LI Xinxin, HOU Hongmin, XU Jihua, SUN Xiaohong, ZHANG Yugang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2021, 48(1): 1-14. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0276
• Abstract ( 1098 ) HTML ( 981 ) PDF (4937KB) ( 981 ) 　　　

• In the apple,13 Major Latex Protein（MLP）genes MdMLP were identified,and through sequence alignment and construction of the MdMLP protein homologous model,it was found that MdMLP contained a typical Gly-rich loop region structure of Bet_v_1 proteins, which was a unique GxxxxxG structure in the MLP family. Comparison of MLP phylogeny and collinearity in different species indicated that MdMLP had similar gene structure,conserved domain and high homology with other Rosaceae MLP members. qRT-PCR analysis showed that all MdMLP genes had different levels of expression in 14 organs of apple‘Xinjiang 1’. At the same time,MdMLP genes responded to ABA,NaCl,PEG,cold（4 ℃）and heat（40 ℃）stress treatments,and the same subgroup genes showed a similar expression trend when exposed to abiotic stress. It suggested that MdMLP may interact with PRSP,SNRK1/2,bHLH and ABA-related transcriptional proteins to participate in the defense against abiotic stress in apple.

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• Effects of Initial Low Oxygen Treatments on Superficial Scald Prevention and Ethylene Release in Pear
• DU Yanmin, WANG Wenhui, JIA Xiaohui, WANG Zhihua, TONG Wei, and ZHANG Xinnan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2021, 48(1): 15-25. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0261
• Abstract ( 401 ) HTML ( 268 ) PDF (1479KB) ( 268 ) 　　　

• This study aimed to compare the effect of initial ultra-low oxygen stress（0.8% O₂ + 0.5% CO₂ for 15 d and then stored at 5.0% O₂ + 0.5% CO₂）,static controlled atmosphere（CA）（5.0% O₂ + 0.5% CO₂）and two-stage oxygen reduction CA（10.0% O₂ + 0.5% CO₂ for 15 d,then transfer to 5.0% O₂ + 0.5% CO₂ for long period storage）on superficial scald prevention and ethylene release of‘Yali’pear. Superficial scald incidence,α-farnesene and conjugated trienols（CTols）,fruit quality,respiration intensity,ethylene release rate and relative expression of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling pathway genes were compared and analyzed after storage for 180 d and 240 d plus 7 d shelf-life,and taking air treatment as control. The results showed that compared with the air,initial ultra-low oxygen stress,static CA and two-stage oxygen reduction CA could inhibit the superficial scald effectively,after storage for 240 d and 7 d shelf-life,the superficial scald incidence followed as the order of air（93.75%）> two-stage oxygen reduction CA（80.00%）> static CA（62.50%）> initial ultra-low oxygen stress（53.57%）. Further research found that,CA treatments declined the accumulation of conjugated trienols in fruit peel tissue during long period storage,and better maintained the titratable acid and vitamin C contents,inhibited the ethylene production and delayed the ethylene release peaking time. At meanwhile,the relative expression of PbACO1,PbACO3 and PbACS1 genes were significantly decreased at the early time of shelf-life period,and the PbCTR1 and PbERF1 were enhanced by initial ultra-low oxygen stress and low oxygen controlled atmosphere,while the relative expression of PbETR2 were up-regulated fast with the increase of ethylene production during shelf-life period.

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• Correlation Analysis of Citrus Catalase Gene CsKat01 and Citrus Canker Disease
• QI Jingjing, QIN Xiujuan, XIE Yu, CHEN Shanchun, HE Yongrui, LI Qiang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2021, 48(1): 26-36. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0132
• Abstract ( 396 ) HTML ( 320 ) PDF (2488KB) ( 320 ) 　　　

• In order to investigate the correlation between CsKat01 and citrus bacterial canker disease （CBCD）response,bioinformatics and expression analysis of CsKat01 as well as the relationship between CAT activity and Hydrogen peroxide（H₂O₂）contents in CBCD susceptible variety Wanjincheng and resistant variety Calamondin were performed. Firstly,the coding sequence（CDS）of the CsKat01 gene was cloned and the structure and function of the coding protein were analyzed. The full-length CDS of CsKat01 is 1 482 bp and it encodes 493 amino acid residues with a typical catalase domain. Secondly,by cloning and analyzing the promoter sequence,we studied the promoter regulatory elements and found that the core promoters of both Wanjincheng and Calamondin contained salicylic acid（SA）,jasmonic acid（JA）and abscisic acid（ABA）response elements whose numbers are different. Thirdly,qRT-PCR was used to analyze the induced expression profiles of plant hormones and Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri（Xcc）on CsKat01,and then the correlation between the enzyme and CBCD was determined. Finally,the relations between CsKat01,CAT activity,H₂O₂ content and CBCD resistance were analyzed. We speculate that CsKat01 may regulate CAT enzyme activity,which further regulates H₂O₂ accumulation,and then regulates CBCD resistance.

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• Comparative Analysis of the Photosystem Activity of Triploid Loquats and Their Tetraploid,Diploid Parents
• LIU Mingxiu, WANG Hongding, ZHANG Yuna, ZHANG Bangyan, LIU Song, LI Yunjia, DANG Jiangbo, HE Qiao, LIANG Guolu, GUO Qigao
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2021, 48(1): 37-48. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0251
• Abstract ( 500 ) HTML ( 346 ) PDF (1277KB) ( 346 ) 　　　

• In order to explore the characteristics of photosynthetic efficiency and photosystem activity of triploid loquat,the triploidy progeny F₁（2n = 3x = 51）of B431 × GZ1 and B431 × GZ23,and their corresponding parents B431（2n = 4x = 68）,GZ1 & GZ23（2n = 2x = 34）were used to determine net photosynthetic rate（P_n）,the OJIP curve,then OJIP curve was analyzed by JIP-test in March,July,December of two consecutive years（2018-2019）. The results showed that the P_n of two triploid loquats was significantly higher than that of their diploid paternal parents,respectively;there was no significant difference with that of tetraploid maternal parent in July,and the difference with tetraploid maternal parent varied with different hybridized combination in March,December. And the difference of P_n may be mainly related to non-stomatal restriction factors. The JIP-test analysis showed that triploid loquat F₁ had higher ABS/CS_m,TR_o/CS_m,ET_o/CS_m and RE_o/CS_m,PI_abs,F_v/F_m and lower DI_o/CS_m ratio than their diploid paternal parents,respectively;while there was no significant difference with that of tetraploid maternal parent. Therefore,the higher activity of the triploid photosystem is a basic reason for its higher light utilization efficiency and regulation ability.

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• Nectarine Stem Pitting-associated Virus and Asian Prunus Virus Found in Prunus persica of Xinjiang
• BU Fangdi, CHEN Junguang, LIU Zhen, XIANG Benchun, SHEN Mian, CUI Baiming, ZHENG Yinying
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2021, 48(1): 49-59. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0215
• Abstract ( 516 ) HTML ( 336 ) PDF (2431KB) ( 336 ) 　　　

• In this study,the High-throughput sequencing technology（HTS）was used to detect the virus infection of Prunus persica var. compressa. The peach leaves showing shot hole and chlorosis between leaf veins were collected to extract total RNA for HTS. A total of 13.36 Gb sequence data,including 44 563 187 paired reads,were obtained. The sequence alignment analysis showed that there were 9 943 and 40 036 paired reads belong to the genome of nectarine stem pitting-associated virus（NSPaV）（KT273409）and asian prunus virus（APV2）（KT893294）. The contigs of 4 978 nt and 9 393 nt with nearly completed coverage of viruses genome（10 and 7 bases missing at 5′ end,respectively）were assembled and the sequence identity with the genome sequence of NSPaV（KT273409）and APV2（KT893294）were 95.0% and 92.9% respectively. We named them as isolates NSPaV-Tao and APV2-Tao4.To confirm the result of HTS,23 samples of P. persica var. compressa were detected by the RT-PCR method for the infection of NSPaV and APV2. The results showed that the infection rate of NSPaV and APV2 was 43.5% and 69.6%,respectively. Moreover,NSPaV-Tao may be a recombination of other NSPaV isolates based on the nucleotide sequence comparison.

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• Cloning and Functional Analyses of BrNAP in Postharvest Leaf Senescence in Chinese Flowering Cabbage
• LI Yuzhuo, LIU Ke, YUAN Lu, CAO Liwen, WANG Tingjin, GAN Susheng, CHEN Liping
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2021, 48(1): 60-72. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0295
• Abstract ( 561 ) HTML ( 261 ) PDF (2932KB) ( 261 ) 　　　

• This research revealed the cloning and functional analyses of AtNAP orthologous gene named BrNAP1 in Chinese flowering cabbage（Brassica rapa var. parachinensis）. The coding region of BrNAP1 is 813 bp in length and encodes 270 amino acids. It has a unique conserved domain of NAP transcription factors and belongs to the NAP subfamily. BrNAP1 expression increases with the progression of leaf senescence and can be induced by ABA treatment. Subcellular localization experiment revealed that BrNAP1 is a nuclear protein. Complementary experiments showed that BrNAP1 can restore the Arabidopsis atnap phenotype to the wild type. Overexpression of BrNAP1 causes precocious leaf senescence. BrNAP1 transcriptionally induced the activity of BrSAG113 in dual-luciferase assay. These results suggested that BrNAP1 has the AtNAP-like function and is a positive regulator gene of leaf senescence in Chinese flowering cabbage.

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• Cloning and Function Identification of Dihydroflavonol 4-Reductase Gene BoaDFR in Chinese Kale
• ZHENG Hao, ZHANG Fen, JIAN Yue, HUANG Wenli, LIANG Sha, JIANG Min, YUAN Qiao, WANG Qiaomei, SUN Bo
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2021, 48(1): 73-82. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0378
• Abstract ( 3566 ) HTML ( 412 ) PDF (1575KB) ( 412 ) 　　　

• The BoaDFR was cloned from the cultivar‘Siji Cutiao’of white flower Chinese kale,and the GenBank accession number was MT472647. BoaDFR is 1 158 bp-long CDS sequence,encoding 385 amino acids. BoaDFR has high homology with DFR of Brassica napus,B. oleracea and B. rapa. The expression level of BoaDFR differed significantly at different stages and organs,and generally showed a trend of decreasing first and then rising during the plant growth. The highest expression level of BoaDFR was in young seeds,which was significantly higher than other organs. The subcellular localization showed that BoaDFR was localized in the nucleus. The Agrobacterium-mediated transient overexpression system in Chinese kale was constructed,and BoaDFR was transferred into‘Siji Cutiao’and‘Fuzhou Huanghua’. It was found that BoaDFR can be expressed at high levels in both two cultivars and the leaves of transgenic plants obviously turned purple,the anthocyanin accumulated significantly and the highest content was up to 461.43 μg·g ^-1FW,whereas the anthocyanin almost could not be detected in both wild-type and empty vector plants. Furthermore,a total of eight anthocyanins were detected in the transgenic plant leaves by HPLC,all of which were cyanidins,and cyanidin 3-feruloylmalonylso- phoroside-5- glucoside was predominant.

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• Genome-wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Chitinase Gene Family in Potato and Its Response to Exogenous Salicylic Acid and Jasmonic Acid
• JIAN Hongju, WAN Mengyuan, FU Yi, DING Yi, JU Xisan, SHANG Lina, LI Hui, WANG Jichun, HU Bogeng, LÜ Dianqiu
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2021, 48(1): 83-95. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0042
• Abstract ( 555 ) HTML ( 448 ) PDF (2272KB) ( 448 ) 　　　

• In this study,the chitinase（CHI）gene family protein sequences of Arabidopsis thaliana were used for BlastP analysis in potato genome to obtain the CHI gene members of potato. Gene structure analysis,motif prediction,evolutionary tree construction,cis-acting elements and tissue expression analysis were also carried out. Our results showed that 26 members of potato CHI genes were identified and all StuChi gene members contained few introns,and motif 1-motif 6 contained GH19 domain with catalytic function. A total of 166 stress or hormone response elements were detected to participate in the regulation of StuChi gene expression. Evolutionary tree analysis showed that CHI were divided into six subfamilies. The quantitative expression of four tissues and the quantitative response to salicylic acid of StuChi genes showed that the tissue expression specificity indicated the differentiation of their functions.

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• Heterosis and Mixed Inheritance Analysis of Flower Head Traits in the Progeny of the Cross Between Chrysanthemum × morifolium ‘Lüdingdang’and Chrysanthemum vestitum
• FU Hansen, ZHANG Yawen, ZHAO Yangyang, LUO Tingting, DENG Huijie, MENG Chenwei, WANG Caiyun
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2021, 48(1): 96-106. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0212
• Abstract ( 478 ) HTML ( 339 ) PDF (2090KB) ( 339 ) 　　　

• There are relatively few green chrysanthemum varieties and limited studies on breeding and genetic mechanisms. In this study 453 progeny of the cross between Chrysanthemum × morifolium‘Lüdingdang’（female,flat type and green）and C. vestitum（male,flat type and white） were used to investigate the heterosis and mixed major genes plus polygenes inheritance models for h value,a ^* value, the number of the ray florets,and flower head diameter. The results are as follows,(1) continuous variations were observed in these traits. Among these traits,all of them had very significant mid-parent heterosis,and h value and flower head diameter had very significant super-parent heterosis. (2) The h and a ^* values and number of ray florets in the above 453 progeny（a pseudo-testcross F₂）were found to be controlled by two additive-dominant-epistatic major genes,with the heritabilities of 38.74%,90.34%,and 76.20%,respectively,while the diameter of flower head was found to be controlled by one additive-dominant major gene,with the heritability of 41.20%. In addition,most progeny have flat petals,which are consistent with their parents,although a few progeny individuals have tube petals and spoon petals. The above a^* value was found to be significantly correlated with the h value,the number of ray florets,and the flower head diameter. The above findings show the high heritability of the above a ^* value.

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• Comprehensive Evaluation of Ornamental Traits and Selection of Pompon Type Cut Chrysanthemum
• LI Xianmei, CHEN Fadi, ZHANG Fei, CHEN Sumei, GUAN Zhiyong, FANG Weimin
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2021, 48(1): 107-116. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0225
• Abstract ( 406 ) HTML ( 451 ) PDF (732KB) ( 451 ) 　　　

• In order to establish a comprehensive evaluation system for 54 large-flowered pompon type cut chrysanthemum lines,11 ornamental traits including plant height, internode length,stem diameter,stem filling degree,leaf length,leaf width,angle of leaf petiole,flower diameter,ratio of flower height vs flower diameter,ray florets number and tubular florets number were employed. The result showed that the ratio of flower height vs flower diameter is of the highest weight value,i.e.,0.241,which has the greatest influence on the pompon flower type,followed by number of ray flowers with a weight value of 0.155,and number of tubular flowers with a weight value of 0.111. K-Means cluster analysis showed that the 54 F₁ lines could be divided into 3 grades,i.e.,13 superior lines,30 good lines,and 11 poor lines,which accounted for 24.07%,55.56% and 20.37%,respectively,of the evaluated plant lines. The analytic hierarchy process and K-Means cluster analysis are effective in evaluating the ornamental performance of F₁ progeny of pompon type cut chrysanthemum,as well as to select excellent offsprings that meet breeding goals. The present study would provide valuable plant materials for the development of new pompon type cut chrysanthemum varieties.

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• Secondary Branches Development of Paeonia ludlowii
• YUAN Tao, CHEN Tingqiao, TANG Ying
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2021, 48(1): 117-126. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0171
• Abstract ( 671 ) HTML ( 285 ) PDF (1470KB) ( 285 ) 　　　

• Branches development of Peaonia ludlowii was observed in Nyingchi,Tibet and Henan Paeoniaceae Ex-situ Conservation Center. The results showed that:it developed secondary branches around florescence in spring,the bud-above-part of the secondary branches would not dried in autumn,which is one of the characteristics that distinguishes it from other species and cultivars of Paeonia Sect. Moutan. The terminal buds on secondary branches differentiated into composite buds with floral primordium,leaf primordium and axillary primordium. A composite buds takes 3-annual cycles from the beginning of differentiation to blossoms and frucitification,about 17-20 months actually. The secondary branches development and the terminal buds differentiation were synchronized with the follicles,simultaneously increased the canopy height. The not-excavated-harvest was beneficial to branches regeneration.

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Research Notes

• Cloning of MhMYB114-Like from Malus halliana and Its Functional Identification of Iron Deficiency Tolerance in Apple Callus
• ZHANG Zhongxing, CHENG Li, WANG Shuangcheng, ZHANG De, LIU Bing, WANG Yanxiu
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2021, 48(1): 127-136. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0208
• Abstract ( 445 ) HTML ( 276 ) PDF (2320KB) ( 276 ) 　　　

• The MhMYB114-Like gene（GenBank accession number:LOC103405832）was cloned from apple rootstock Malus halliana. The gene contains a full open reading frame of 602 bp,which encodes 200 amino acids,and the protein has an isoelectric point of 9.38. The phylogenetic tree analysis showed that apple MhMYB114-Like was the closest relative to wild strawberry. Promoter cis-element prediction of apple MhMYB114-Like showed that there were drought,light,auxin,yellowing and other responsive regulatory elements. Fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis demonstrated that the expression level of MhMYB114-Like gene was greatly increased in the leaves and roots of Malus halliana under iron deficiency condition,and the expression was obviously induced by iron deficiency stress. In addition,The genetic transformation of MhMYB114-Like into apple‘Orin’callus and resistance analysis by measuring related physiological indexes showed that the overexpression of MhMYB114-Like could significantly improve the resistance of transgenic callus to iron deficiency stress. Therefore,MhMYB114-Like is involved in the response to iron deficiency and play a crucial role in resisting iron deficiency stress.

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• Utilization of ¹⁵N-urea Applied in Spring for Pear Trees and Its Residual in Soil and Loss from the No-bearing Stage to the Young Bearing Stage
• LIANG Zhenxu, SUN Mingde, WU Yang, TIAN Haiqing, DU Ruirui, ZHAO Yanyan, LIU Songzhong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2021, 48(1): 137-145. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0110
• Abstract ( 991 ) HTML ( 281 ) PDF (778KB) ( 281 ) 　　　

• To investigate the uptake and utilization of nitrogen and its residual and loss in the soil of ‘Huangguan’pear trees during the no-bearing stage to the young bearing stage,the growth of various organs and the uptake,residual and loss of labeled nitrogen at 0-100 cm soil layers were studied during the years of 2014-2016 with ¹⁵N tracer technique. The results showed that the growth of pear trees in the no-bearing stage（2014-2015）mainly displayed in the growth of the central trunk and coarse root with a lower growth rate. However,it showed that the establishment of tree structure,the growth of vegetative organs such as branches and shoots,and the formation of yield and quality coexisted in the young bearing stage. During the whole experiment period,the amount of labeled nitrogen absorbed by the storage organs of the tree was larger,among which absorption of the central trunk’s uptake was the largest in the no-bearing stage,while the amount of labeled nitrogen absorbed by the coarse roots was the largest among all tested organs in the young bearing stage. After the application of labeled nitrogen in the first year （2014）,the utilization rate of labeled nitrogen was 3.25% for the pear trees,while the residual rate of labeled nitrogen in 0-100 cm soil layer was higher accounting for 63.61%. In the following two years （2015-2016）,the residual amount of soil was lower,and the utilization rate of labeled nitrogen for pear trees was only 0.51% and 0.80%. By the end of the experiment,the utilization rate and residual rate of labeled nitrogen was 4.57% and 20.34% respectively,however,the three-year loss rate was as high as 75.07%.

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• Genome Sequence of Strawberry Pallidosis-associated Virus Isolated in China
• CHEN Dao, ZHANG Jie, WU Zujian, DING Xinlun
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2021, 48(1): 146-152. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2019-0989
• Abstract ( 405 ) HTML ( 331 ) PDF (1244KB) ( 331 ) 　　　

• Strawberry pallidosis-associated virus（SpaV）belongs to the genus Crinivirus of the family Closteroviridae,which causes strawberry diseases. It was first reported in China in 2017. In this study,high-throughput sequencing,RACE and RT-PCR techniques were used to obtain the full length of SPaV China isolate（FJ）. The virus contains two positive-sense single,stranded genome RNA1 and RNA2,RNA1 is composed of 8 048 nt and contains three open reading frames（ORFs）,encoding ORF 1a/1b fusion protein and p9 protein,flanked by 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions of 264 nt and 197 nt,respectively. RNA2 is composed of 7 977 nt and contains eight ORFs,encoding HSP70h,CPh,CP,CPm and other four unknown function proteins（p7,p6,p9 and p28）,flanked by 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions of 248 and 186 nt,respectively. RNA1 and RNA2 share 98.5% and 99.0% nucleotide sequence identity with that of M1 isolate（USA）,respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that SPaV China isolate （FJ）was clustered in a separate branch. The analysis of sRNA derived from SPaV showed that the dominant sizes were 21 nt and 22 nt.

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• Research on the Response Mechanism of Lignin in Carrot Taproot Under Salt Stress
• CHEN Haowei, CHEN Mengjiao, WANG Yahui, ZHANG Rongrong, WANG Xinrui, XU Zhisheng, TAN Guofei, XIONG Aisheng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2021, 48(1): 153-161. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0139
• Abstract ( 496 ) HTML ( 434 ) PDF (751KB) ( 434 ) 　　　

• ‘Hongfu Qicun’and‘Hongxin Qicun’carrots were used as materials to detect the lignin contents in taproot. Stress-related physiological parameters in taproots and leaves under different NaCl concentration treatments were also determined. The expression levels of 13 lignin biosynthesis related genes in taproot were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR method. The results showed that the lignin contents of carrot taproot under different salt stress treatments were significantly higher than that of the control（distilled water treatment）. The lignin contents were the highest under 100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl treatment,which were 1.91 times（‘Hongfu Qicun’）and 1.83 times（‘Hongxin Qicun’）of the control,respectively. The results indicated that salt stress induced the biosynthesis of lignin in carrot taproot. The qRT-PCR and correlation analysis results showed that the DcF5H and DcCOMT expression levels of 13 lignin-related genes were similar and high-positively correlated with the dynamic changes of lignin content. The two genes may be the key lignin biosynthesis related genes of carrot taproot in response to salt stress. The physiological indexes demonstrated that the superoxide dismutase（SOD）activity,proline and soluble protein contents in carrot taproots and leaves responded to salt stress treatments. The results of this study indicated that salt stress induced the lignification of carrot taproot,and lignin biosynthesis pathway genes were involved in response to salt stress. DcF5H and DcCOMT may be the key regulating genes of lignin biosynthesis under salt stress in carrot taproot.

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• Identification,Partial Biological Characteristics and Sensitivity to Fungicides of Fusarium commune Causing Bulb Rot on Lily
• LI Rungen, ZENG Huilan, LU Qineng, HUANG Qin, YAN Decong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2021, 48(1): 162-172. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0164
• Abstract ( 598 ) HTML ( 392 ) PDF (2265KB) ( 392 ) 　　　

• In order to understand and to control the wilt disease observed on Lilium brownii var. viridulum,the wilt were collected to isolate and to identify its pathogen. Combinating morphological method with molecular identification of rDNA-ITS,EF-1α,mtSSU and IGS genes,the pathogen was identified as Fusarium commune. Growth response of the pathogen to different light treatments,temperature,pH,carbon sources,and nitrogen sources were also studied. The results showed that the most suitable condition for mycelial growth of the pathogen was 25-30 ℃,pH 8.0,lactose source and peptone source;and the most suitable condition for sporulation was 24 h dark,30 ℃,pH 10.0,lactose source and peptone source. In addition,the conditions of 24 light,24 h dark and 12 h light-dark cycle were all suitable for mycelial growth. In the aspect of sensitivity,the results revealed that the inhibitory effects of the five fungicides on the pathogen had significant differences in mycelial growth. 75% trifloxystrobin·tebuconazole water dispersible granules had stronger inhibitory effect than the others leading to the 50% of maximal effect（EC₅₀）of 0.294 mg·L ^-1;30% hymexazol aqueous solution had the minimum inhibitory effect,which led to the EC₅₀ value of 39.359 mg·L^-1.

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• Identification,Growth Conditions and Fungicide Sensitivity of the Pathogen Causing Black Spot Disease on Peony Leaves
• TAO Hang, ZAYINA Mahabat, ZHANG Ye, SUN Litong, HUANG Shenxin, ZHANG Zihui, LIU Wang, SHI Ningxue, CHEN Xiaoren
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2021, 48(1): 173-182. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0236
• Abstract ( 602 ) HTML ( 343 ) PDF (1698KB) ( 343 ) 　　　

• A black spot disease was discovered on peony（Paeonia lactiflora）leaves in Yangzhou City,Jiangsu Province in 2017. To determine the causing agent,the fungus was isolated and purified from the diseased leaves,and was tested for its pathogenicity following Koch’s postulation. The fungus was identified as Alternaria alternata based on its morphological characteristics and the combined sequence analyses of rDNA-ITS,endoPG,OPA2-1 and Alt a 1. Analysis of its growth conditions showed that the optimal growth conditions of A. alternata on Potato Dextrose Agar（PDA）include the temperature at 28 ℃ and pH 7.0. On defined Czapek media,soluble starch and KNO₃ are the optimal carbon source and nitrogen source,respectively. What’s more,among four fungicides tested in toxicity assays,both Azoxystrobin and Pyraclostrobin exhibited more stronger inhibition effect on the mycelial growth of the pathogen on PDA,compared with Tebuconazole and Iprodione.

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New Technology and New Mathod

• Establishment of Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Combined with Lateral Flow Dipstick for Detection of Prune Dwarf Virus
• CHEN Ling, YAN Guohua, ZHANG Xiaoming, ZHOU Yu, WANG Jing, DUAN Xuwei, LI Yanlin, ZHANG Kaichun
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2021, 48(1): 183-192. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0174
• Abstract ( 386 ) HTML ( 296 ) PDF (1857KB) ( 296 ) 　　　

• Recombinase polymerase amplification combined with lateral flow dipstick（RPA-LFD）method was developed to detect prune dwarf virus（PDV）in cherry,using the specific primers and probe based on the conserved coat protein gene sequences of PDV. The RPA method could be conducted under isothermal conditions optimized to be 39 ℃ for 20 min,and the terminally labeled amplicon can reach the detection level. The detection results could be visually inspected with lateral flow dipstick located in amplicon detection champer within 20 min. The established method was specific and no cross-reactivity was detected with other six cherry-infecting viruses（CGRMV,PNRSV,LchV-1,PBNSPaV,CVA and CNRMV）. The sensitivity test showed that the RPA was about 10-fold sensitive than that of PCR. This method was verified effectively by testing 13 field-collected samples,and the results were consistent with those detected by PCR method. The RPA-LFD detection technique developed in this study is a simple,rapid,sensitive and specific method,which could be applicable for rapid and accurate detection and identification of PDV.

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New Cultivars

• A New Early Ripening Red-flesh Flat Peach Cultivar‘Jinling Xuepan’
• XU Jianlan, MA Ruijuan, ZHANG Binbin, ZHANG Yuyan, ZHANG Chunhua, GUO Lei, SHEN Zhijun, YU Mingliang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2021, 48(1): 193-194. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2019-0806
• Abstract ( 1428 ) HTML ( 321 ) PDF (2544KB) ( 321 ) 　　　

• ‘Jinling Xuepan’is an early ripening red-flesh flat peach cultivar derived from the cross of ‘Yejihong’and DN1-42. The fruit shape is flat;the average fruit weight is 107.6 g;the biggest one is 146.6 g. The flesh is red,hard melting,sweet,with 11.1%-14.2% soluble solids content. The stone is semi-free. It ripens in early-middle June in Nanjing,and the fruit development period is about 80 d. It is self-fruitful and productive. The yield is about 22 500 kg·hm^-2.

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• A New Walnut Cultivar‘Liaoyi 1’
• LIU Feng, ZHAO Baojun, GONG Yonghong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2021, 48(1): 195-196. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2019-0737
• Abstract ( 573 ) HTML ( 253 ) PDF (960KB) ( 253 ) 　　　

• ‘Liaoyi 1’was selected and bred from heartnut seedlings in Lidian County,Wafangdian City,Dalian City. The nut is small and wide oval. The average nut weight is 0.86 g,the height and width of nut are 19.7 mm and 12.3 mm,respectively. The nut shell is 0.81 mm with a very narrow crack in the longitudinal direction. The weight of kernel is 0.44 g and kernel percent is 51.2%. The kernel is plump and can be easily removed from the shell. The color of kernel is yellow and white. It has strong resistance to cold and disease.

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• A New Oriental Melon Cultivar‘Tong Tianmi 1’
• WANG Kang, YAN Honglang, HE Linchi, WEI Xiaoyun, LU Xiaoqiang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2021, 48(1): 197-198. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2019-0753
• Abstract ( 625 ) HTML ( 167 ) PDF (1003KB) ( 167 ) 　　　

• A new oriental melon cultivar‘Tong Tianmi 1’is developed by crossing‘14203’as female and‘T1318’as male parent. The fruit is globular and the pericarp is white with light yellow. The average fruit weight is 630 g. The pulp is white,the pulp thickness is 2.2 cm. The flesh is crisp with flavor. The center and edge of pulp soluble solids content are 14% and 10%,respectively. The whole growth period is 105 d,and the fruit developing period is 30 d. The fruit yield is about 33 t·hm^-2 in creeping-culture and 42 t·hm ^-2 in vertical-culture. This cultivar is suitable for protected and open-field cultivation in Jiangsu and other similar ecological areas.

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• A New Ornamental Lotus Cultivar‘Baoliandeng’
• DONG Lili, GAO Di, LIU Tongrui, QIAN Jie, LI Jing, YU Sheng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2021, 48(1): 199-200. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2019-0657
• Abstract ( 1056 ) HTML ( 262 ) PDF (1401KB) ( 262 ) 　　　

• The new ornamental lotus cultivar‘Baoliandeng’was obtained by⁶⁰Co irradiation from the seeds of‘Hongdeng Gaozhao’and artificial selection. The plant is small with erect leaves 40-49 cm in height. The long diameter of leaves is 20-24 cm and short diameter is 18-20 cm. The flowers are dense with 17-25 flowers in a single pot.‘Hongdeng Gaozhao’is a pink double-petal lotus with 100-120 petals. Flower diameter is 10-11 cm with petalody stamen and pistil.

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• A New Lagerstroemia indica Cultivar‘Shuzifen’
• LIU Furong, HU Pingting, LUO Jianxun, LIU Juncheng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2021, 48(1): 201-202. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2019-0778
• Abstract ( 431 ) HTML ( 256 ) PDF (1331KB) ( 256 ) 　　　

• Lagerstroemia indica‘Shuzifen’is selected from the seedlings of‘Wenjiang Dahong’. It has high ornamental value. The flowering period from mid-June to mid-September,and the flower color is purple-red,It is suitable for cultivation in low mountain and hilly areas with the altitude of 300-800 m in the Sichuan Basin.

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• A New Landscaping Xanthoceras sorbifolium Cultivar‘Senmiao Chongbanguan’
• WANG Yali, GUO Xiaojing, LI Yi
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2021, 48(1): 203-204. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2019-0697
• Abstract ( 782 ) HTML ( 265 ) PDF (1355KB) ( 265 ) 　　　

• Xanthoceras sorbifolium‘Senmiao Chongbanguan’is a new cultivar selected from seedling. It has vigorous growth and strong branch ability. Racemose inflorescence has 20-30 asexual flowers. Each double flower has about 30 white petals;the outer petals are obovate-shaped and gradually becoming smaller in each layer;the inner petals are long strip. The cultivar‘Senmiao Chongbanguan’is fruitless.

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