Review

• Progress of Dwarfing Mechanism of Apple Rootstock
• FENG Yi，XU Xuefeng，ZHANG Xinzhong，WU Ting，WANG Yi*，and HAN Zhenhai*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(9): 1633-1641. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2018-0384
• Abstract ( 530 ) HTML ( 1100 ) PDF (692KB) ( 1100 ) 　　　
• In this paper，we have summarized the research progress of dwarfing mechanism of apple rootstock from four aspects：anatomical structure，photosynthesis and substance transport，phytohormone metabolism，and genetic markers. We have also provided our thoughts on the recently reported dwarf mechanisms at molecular levels. This review will provide important guidance for the future study of the dwarfing mechanism of apple rootstock.
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• Advances of the Apricot Resources Collection，Evaluation and Germplasm Enhancement
• ZHANG Qiuping and LIU Weisheng*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(9): 1642-1660. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2017-0654
• Abstract ( 281 ) HTML ( 851 ) PDF (882KB) ( 851 ) 　　　

• The genetic diversity of germplasm resources is the heart of sustainable industry development of apricot and provides the basis for the genetic improvement. In this review，the taxonomic species of the section Armeniaca and the collection and conservation situations of the apricot germplasm were briefly introduced. Also，the phylogenies and relationships of species，the origin and domestication of cultivars，the genetic diversity evaluations and the programs of germplasm enhancement in apricot were mainly reviewed. Finally，it is proposed to provide scientific evidence for the germplasm enhancement and further studies，which is based on the detailed evaluation of the quality of the germplasm resources，the in-depth mining of the unique germplasm，and the potential of the germplasm enhancement in the future.

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• Research Status and Prospects on Resistance Mechanisms to Fusarium Wilt of Banana
• SHAO Xiuhong1,2，DOU Tongxin2，LIN Xuexi1,2，SHENG Ou2，DENG Guiming2，BI Fangcheng2，HU Chunhua2，LI Chunyu2，YI Ganjun2，and YANG Qiaosong2,*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(9): 1661-1674. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2018-0579
• Abstract ( 335 ) HTML ( 867 ) PDF (801KB) ( 867 ) 　　　
• This article focuses on the biological mechanisms of banana resistance to Fusarium wilt，such as cell biology mechanisms，hormones and signal transduction pathways，the isolation and identification of disease resistant genes，and the research on the multi-omics analysis of banana Fusarium wilt genes. These would provide further reference to reveal the resistance mechanisms of banana wilt disease.
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• Research Advances on Taxonomy，Geo-distribution and Molecular Phylogenetics of Wild Banana Germplasm Resources
• LI Weiming1，CHEN Jingjing1，DUAN Yajie1，PANG Zhencai1，SUN Dequan1，HU Yulin1，HU Huigang1，XIE Jianghui1，and CHEN Wenna2,*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(9): 1675-1687. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2017-0550
• Abstract ( 371 ) HTML ( 1050 ) PDF (840KB) ( 1050 ) 　　　
• Musa and its family are important wild germplasm resources of banana. Elucidating the taxonomy and phylogeny of this wild group，especially finding who has the closest relationships with the wild parents of cultivated banana（M. acuminata and M. balbisiana），can provide valuable information for the collection and utilization of genetic resources for further banana improvement. In this article，the taxonomy，geo-distribution of Musa and its family，and methods used in taxonomy of this group were introduced，the research progress on molecular phylogeny of this group in recent years were reviewed，and strategies on germplasm collection，identification and molecular phylogeny were proposed，in order to provide reference for further research on banana germplasms and their exploitation.
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• Progress on Real-time Fluorescent Quantitative PCR Detection Technology for Major Fruit Tree Viruses
• REN Fang，ZHANG Zunping，FAN Xudong，HU Guojun，LI Zhengnan，and DONG Yafeng*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(9): 1688-1700. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2017-0595
• Abstract ( 281 ) HTML ( 782 ) PDF (784KB) ( 782 ) 　　　

• Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR has been widely used for virus detection in fruit trees. In this review，the research progress on real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR detection technology for viruses infecting five major fruit trees（apple，pear，citrus，grapevine，and banana）was reviewed. Furthermore，the further research proposals were discussed.

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• A Review on Fruit-shaping Genes Study：Reference for Fruit Pattern Formation in Fingered Citron
• LIAO Fanglei，CHEN Zeyu，XU Qiyue，YANG Li，CHEN Wenrong，and GUO Weidong*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(9): 1701-1714. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2018-0502
• Abstract ( 235 ) HTML ( 777 ) PDF (1055KB) ( 777 ) 　　　

• The fruit shaping is regulated by multiple genes，and gene families such as SUN，OVATE，FAS and their gene families play important roles during this process. This paper reviewed the progress of the research on fruit-shaping genes in various plants，such like tomato and other horticultural plants. Fingered citron exhibits finger-shape fruit. Part of the fruit-shaping genes were isolated and identified from fingered citron. This review will give a clue for unraveling the mechanism of the fruit pattern formation in fingered citron.

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• Research Progress and Prospect of Wild Cabbage
• ZHANG Xiaoli，SHAN Xiaozheng，JIANG Hanmin，WEN Zhenghua，LIU Lili，YAO Xingwei，NIU Guobao，and SUN Deling*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(9): 1715-1726. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2018-0363
• Abstract ( 442 ) HTML ( 836 ) PDF (877KB) ( 836 ) 　　　
• Wild relatives of Brassica oleracea（also known as wild cabbage），share the same C genome（2n = 18，CC）as the cultivated types and have abundant genetic variation and excellent resistance. The excavation and utilization of wild cabbage is of great significance for the genetic improvement of cultivated types. The types，distribution area，relationship with cultivated cabbage and excellent traits of wild cabbage are reviewed in this paper.
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• Progress in Regulation Mechanism of Inflorescence Development in Arabidopsis and Cruciferous Vegetables
• WANG Xiaoquan*，LI Shengnan*，ZHANG Junli*，WANG Zhimin，WEI Dayong，and TANG Qinglin**
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(9): 1727-1738. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2018-0496
• Abstract ( 223 ) HTML ( 861 ) PDF (745KB) ( 861 ) 　　　

• Inflorescence development of cruciferous plants is regulated by many factors including endogenous genetic and external environmental cues. Both flowering regulatory genes and phytohormones play crucial roles during this developmental stage. Recently，the signal factor of sugar is regarded as another core regulator of plant branching. In this paper，we summarized the molecular mechanisms of genes，hormones and sugars in the inflorescence development of Arabidopsis and cruciferous vegetables. Additionally，we discussed the future research interests and directions. It provides valuable information for futher studies of inflorescence development and quality breeding in cruciferous vegetables.

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• Progress in Biosynthesis of Capsaicinoids and Its Molecular Mechanism
• LEI Jianjun*，ZHU Zhangsheng，SUN Bingmei，CHEN Guoju，CHEN Changming，and CAO Bihao
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(9): 1739-1749. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2018-0237
• Abstract ( 341 ) HTML ( 4286 ) PDF (1656KB) ( 4286 ) 　　　

• This paper presents a review on the organ for the capsaicinoids biosynthesis，the kinds of capsaicinoids，the accumulation and transportation，the structural genes and regulation genes for capsaicinoids synthesis and influencing factors and so on.

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• Research Progress on Tomato spotted wilt virus Disease
• LI Yunzhou1，MO Ning2，YAN Jianmin1，CAO Hehe3，PANG Shengqun4，and LIANG Yan2,*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(9): 1750-1760. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2018-0282
• Abstract ( 430 ) HTML ( 901 ) PDF (750KB) ( 901 ) 　　　

• Tomato spotted wilt virus（TSWV）was discovered for the first time in Australia in 1915，and has been spread all over the world. In China，since 1989 reported in Guangzhou，TSWV has been found in Yunnan，Guizhou，Sichuan，Guangdong，Guangxi，Shandong，Henan，Hebei，Beijing，Tianjing，Shaanxi，Ningxia and other main producing areas of tomato. TSWV becomes another serious disease for tomato production after the Tomato yellow leaf curl virus. In this paper，the research progress of TSWV was reviewed，including its genome structure and characteristics，the spread of TSWV and the identification of tomato resistant resources，which will provide a direction for the TSWV resistant vegetable breeding，the development of molecular marker about resistant gene，gene localization and cloning and so on.

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• Research Progress on Evaluation and Regulation of Chilling Tolerance in Cucurbitaceous Vegetables
• LI Meng，Lü Tinghui，XING Qiaojuan，and QI Hongyan*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(9): 1761-1777. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2018-0028
• Abstract ( 304 ) HTML ( 870 ) PDF (911KB) ( 870 ) 　　　

• This paper summarizes the evaluation status of chilling tolerance of cucurbitaceous vegetables from seed vigor，seedling morphological and physiological and biochemical indicators. Furthermore，the physiological basis and the identification of functional genes of chilling tolerance of cucurbitaceous vegetables are discussed. Finally，effective ways to improve the low temperature tolerance of cucurbitaceous vegetables by breeding，agronomic measures and exogenous substance application are elaborated. The objective of this review is to provide reference for further constructing scientific and rapid evaluation system of chilling tolerance and solving the problem of chilling damage in cucurbitaceous vegetables production.

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• A Review for Molecular Biology of Allium sativum
• LIU Hongjiu1，WEN Yanbin1，LIU Xiaoxue1，ZHAO Yongqiang1，HUANG Caiping2，and CHENG Zhihui1,*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(9): 1778-1790. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2018-0150
• Abstract ( 334 ) HTML ( 887 ) PDF (793KB) ( 887 ) 　　　
• This paper reviews the following five aspects in garlic（Allium sativum L.）molecular biology：Firstly，the development and utilization of seven types of garlic genome molecular markers including RAPD，AFLP，ISSR，SSR，SRAP，InDel and SNP in genetic diversity analysis，genetic map construction and germplasm resources evaluation；Secondly，the research of garlic genomics，epigenetic analysis, transcriptomics and proteomics；Thirdly，construction of genetic transformation system including Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated method and gene gun method；Fourthly，cloning and expression analysis of alliinase gene，genes related to flowering and bulb development（gaLFY，AsPI，AsFT1，AsFT2 and AsFT4）and genes related to stress resistance（AsPCSl，AsMT2a，ASAL and AsNF-YC8）；Fifthly，experimental technique optimization of molecular biology of garlic involving RNA extraction，reference gene selection for RT-qPCR and BAC library construction. Finally，the current research defects and prospects of garlic molecular biology are summarized.
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• Recent Progress in Caladium Breeding and Genetic Research
• LIU Jinmei1，CAO Zhe2，YOU Yi1，ZHONG Ronghui1,*，and DENG Zhanao3,*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(9): 1791-1801. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2018-0214
• Abstract ( 330 ) HTML ( 933 ) PDF (754KB) ( 933 ) 　　　

• This paper reviews the major progress that has been made in caladium breeding and genetic research in recent years. The genetic relationship and genetic diversity among caladium species and cultivars have been characterized at the molecular and cellular levels. Numerous new cultivars with improved foliar and plant characteristics，disease resistance，and sun tolerance have been developed and released，which has helped expand the use of caladium. Identification and cloning of some disease resistance genes and development of molecular markers have been reported. Caladium somaclonal variants have been investigated at the morphological，cellular，and molecular levels，and it has been shown that morphological changes in caladium somaclonal variants often result from chromosome number changes and allele loss. Techniques for genetic transformation and protoplast culture have been reported in caladium. The mode of inheritance for several important foliar characters has been uncovered，and genetic linkage maps for gene loci controlling these foliar characters have been developed. Future research directions and breeding objectives have been proposed to advance caladium breeding and genetic research.

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• MADS-box Transcription Factors are Involved in Regulation for Fruit Ripening and Quality Development
• LU Wang2 and XI Wanpeng1,2,*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(9): 1802-1812. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2018-0266
• Abstract ( 412 ) HTML ( 949 ) PDF (1133KB) ( 949 ) 　　　

• In recent years，studies on function of MADS-box transcription factors have being extended from the regulation of floral organ identity to the regulation of the whole process of plant development. Currently，the relationship between MADS-box genes and fruit quality development is becoming one of the most important research hotspots. The present study reviewed the advances of MADS-box genes involved in fruit quality formation，discussed the problems in this field and put forward perspectives on this field.

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• Application Status and Breeding Prospects of Triploid in Horticultural Plant
• DANG Jiangbo1，SONG Qin1，LI Cai2，GUO Qigao，and LIANG Guolu1,*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(9): 1813-1830. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2017-0612
• Abstract ( 589 ) HTML ( 863 ) PDF (853KB) ( 863 ) 　　　
• To provide reference for horticultural plant breeding by using triploid，application status of triploid in horticultural plant was summarized，and prospects of triploid in horticultural plant breeding were analyzed in this paper. There were various approaches to produce triploid. Approach involving 2n gamete is worthy of attention. A few plants produce 2n gamete highly frequently（more than 80%）naturely or artificially. And frequently genes involved in 2n gamete production were identified. In addition，spontaneous cell fusion and polyspermia had been successfully used to produce triploid plants. Culturing endopolyploidy cell is useful for obtaining tetraploid parent. Besides traditional morphological method and cytogenetic methods，molecular markers such as QF-PCR，SSR，SNP have been used to identify triploid. At present，triploids have been directly applied in more than 40 horticultural plant species. In addtion to seedlessness，high-yielding and strong resistance，high nutrient content and dwarfing，which are the new highlights，have been used in horticultural plant. It is of important meaning that breeding aneuploid to create diverse materials. Excitingly，genome of one parent in triploid hybrid is only 1/3，this could be used to shorten breeding period in hybridization.
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• Reaserch Progress of Plant Cuticular Wax Biosynthesis，Export and Regulation Related Genes Responsed to Drought
• WANG Lishan，DING Bing，LI Yuhua，and ZHANG Yang*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(9): 1831-1843. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2017-0548
• Abstract ( 259 ) HTML ( 833 ) PDF (723KB) ( 833 ) 　　　

• Plant cuticular wax plays important roles in plant abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. Currently，researches about plant cuticular wax composition，structure，transport and biosynthesis have become a major focus on improving plant anti-drought stress. This paper reviewed molecular，evolutionary，and physiological mechanisms of cuticular wax in drought stress，which may give great help to improve the drought resistant ability，and provide theoretical basis to increase yield and quality of crops.

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• Advances on Gibberellin 2-oxidases Gene in Higher Plants
• LI Yanbing，ZHU Meiyu，YANG Xiaoru，LI Yue，HE Yi，QI Mingfang*，and LI Tianlai*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(9): 1844-1856. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2018-0587
• Abstract ( 392 ) HTML ( 1099 ) PDF (930KB) ( 1099 ) 　　　

• Gibberellin 2-oxidases（GA2oxs）are a kind of key enzymes in the metabolism of GA. According to the substrate specificity，GA2oxs can be divided into two types：C19-GA2oxs and C20-GA2oxs，in which C20-GA2oxs acts on GA synthesis precursors（GA12，GA53），and C19-GA2oxs is responsible for metabolizing active GA（GA1，GA4）and precursors（GA20，GA9）. GA2oxs are encoded by multiple genes，involved in regulating plant growth and development and strictly regulated by environment and endogenous factors. Studies have shown that GA2oxs affect the growth and development of plants，for example，plant height，seed germination，flowering and fruiting by regulating the gibberellin level. Here，we summarized the research progress in the expression patterns，physiological functions and transcriptional regulation of GA2oxs，aiming to provide reference for understanding the regulatory mechanisms of GA2oxs genes on plant growth and development. It is also helpful to make better use of GA2oxs genes in genetic engineering research for crop improvement.

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New Cultivars

• A New Medium-Late Ripening Apple Cultivar‘Huaqing’
• WANG Qiang and CONG Peihua
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(9): 1857-1858. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2018-0103
• Abstract ( 289 ) HTML ( 464 ) PDF (1398KB) ( 464 ) 　　　

• ‘Huaqing’is a new medium-late ripening apple cultivar derived from the hybrid crossing‘Gold Delicious’בHuafu’. The shape of the fruit is oblate，ribbing is absent or weak. The fruit shape index is 0.8，The average fruit weight is 223 g，the biggest one is 300 g. Fruit covereds with bright red like solid flush，and the surface is smooth with big lenticels. The flesh is light yellow，tender and crunchy，juicy. The peeled hardness is 7.4 kg ? cm-2. The soluble solids content is 15.5%. It tastes sweet，with a very good quality. All fruit growth is about 140 days. It is matured in late September in Xingcheng，Liaoning.

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• A New Mid-Late Maturing Chinese Cabbage Cultivar‘Jinlü 3’
• ZHAO Meihua，ZHAO Junliang，and WU Dongtang*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(9): 1859-1860. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x. 2017-0774
• Abstract ( 454 ) HTML ( 505 ) PDF (1269KB) ( 505 ) 　　　

• ‘Jinlü 3’is a mid-late maturing F1 Chinese cabbage cultivar. Its growth period is 80–85 days. The plant has a height of 55–60 cm，a width of 55–65 cm and strong growth vigor. Its outer leaves are wrinked and dark green with light green leafstalks and unconspicuous veins. Its head is straight with a twisted central part，50–55 cm in height，and 13–16 cm in transverse diameter. A single head weighs 3.0–3.8 kg，the net vegetable rate is about 80%，and average yield reaches 112.5 t ? hm-2. The cultivar has resistance to virus，downy mildew and soft rot diseases. There is good flexibility，less fiber，good taste，and long storage time. It is suitable for planting as a mid-late maturing Chinese cabbage variety in autumn in Shanxi，Hebei，Henan，Liaoning and Guizhou provinces etc.

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• A New Spring Cabbage Hybrid‘Zhonggan 56’for Protected Cultivation
• ZHANG Yangyong，FANG Zhiyuan*，YANG Limei，LIU Yumei，ZHUANG Mu，Lü Honghao，LI Zhansheng，and WANG Yong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(9): 1861-1862. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2018-0300
• Abstract ( 275 ) HTML ( 836 ) PDF (1002KB) ( 836 ) 　　　
• ‘Zhonggan 56’is a spring cabbage hybrid between dominant genic male sterile line DGMS726-3 and self-incompatible inbred line 0445-1-1-2，special for protected cultivation. It takes about 46 days from transplant to harvest when planted in the greenhouse in north China as the spring cabbage. The head is round in shape and green in color，with the weight of around 1.0 kg. The head is crisp and tender，with high quality. It is tolerant to the low temperature，low light，and premature bolting. It is suitable for protected cultivation in spring in Hebei，Shaanxi，Shandong，Henan，Jiangsu，etc.
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• A New Pumpkin Cultivar‘Zhongli 6’
• WANG Changlin*，DUAN Ying，and HU Jun
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(9): 1863-1864. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2017-0357
• Abstract ( 199 ) HTML ( 555 ) PDF (1238KB) ( 555 ) 　　　
• ‘Zhongli 6’is a new F1 cultivar of pumpkin（Cucurbita maxima）which was selected from the crossing inbred line‘12-01’and‘12-23’. The average single fruit weight is about 1.0–1.5 kg. The rind color of the ellipsoid fruit is deep green covered with light stripes and spots. The taste of fruit is soft and delicate with a moderate amount of sweetness. The nutrient and yield is quite high which is up to 2.534 kg ? m-2.‘Zhongli 6’is suitable for cultivating in Beijing.
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• A New Variety of Colored Leaf Koelreuteria paniculata‘Jinluan 2’
• CHEN Zhong1,2,*，WANG Guodong3，and AN Xinmin4,*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(9): 1865-1866. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2017-0839
• Abstract ( 343 ) HTML ( 543 ) PDF (1651KB) ( 543 ) 　　　

• Koelreuteria paniculata‘Jinluan 2’is a new ornamental variety bred from a mutant seedling of K. paniculata‘Jinye Luan’’. The main characteristics of this variety are that the color of young leaves，petioles and tender branches is orange red in early spring，then the color of leaves becomes yellow gradually，the leaves mature in summer and the color turns yellow green，finally，it becomes isabelline after frost until the leaves fall in autumn. The leaves are small，internodes at the apical of the branch are short，petioles present horizontal extension. Moreover, propagation of this variety mainly depends on grafting, and it is suitable for growing in the area of north and central part in China.

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