Research Progress on the Mechanism of GAs-Induced Seedlessness in Grape

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0030

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (7): 1610-1622.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0030

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Research Progress on the Mechanism of GAs-Induced Seedlessness in Grape

LIU Miaomiao, YAO Jin, BAO Min, CHU Yanyan, WANG Xiping^*()

State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production，College of Horticulture，Northwest A & F University，Yangling，Shaanxi 712100，China

Received:2024-03-29 Revised:2024-06-13 Online:2024-07-25 Published:2024-07-19
Contact: WANG Xiping

Abstract

Abstract:

Gibberellins（GAs）can effectively induce ovule abortion and are widely utilized in the production of seedless grape. Gibberellins induces abnormal development of grape embryo sac and pollen，resulting in internal physiological metabolism disorders. This process is also dynamically regulated by some genes related to plant hormone anabolism and signaling pathways，gibberellins response genes and specific microRNA during seed development. This review summarizes the mechanism of GAs-induced seedlessness in grape from the aspects of embryology，physiology，biochemistry and molecular mechanisms，with the aim of further understanding the potential regulatory mechanism of GAs-induced parthenocarpy of grape and providing a basis for using GAs in the future production of high-quality seedless grape.

Key words: grape, seedless, gibberellins, parthenocarpy, regulatory mechanism

LIU Miaomiao, YAO Jin, BAO Min, CHU Yanyan, WANG Xiping. Research Progress on the Mechanism of GAs-Induced Seedlessness in Grape[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(7): 1610-1622.

Figures/Tables 4

References 60

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	赵茂香, 郑伟尉, Hafiz Umer Javed, 王世平. 2020. 链霉素和赤霉素诱导欧亚种葡萄‘玫瑰香’无核结实的效果及机制研究. 果树学报, 37 (6):830-837.

途径 Pathway	基因名称 Gene name	表达模式 Expression pattern	主要调控作用 Major regulatory effect	参考文献 Reference
赤霉素合成代谢 GAs metabolism	VvGA2oxs VvGA3oxs VvGA20oxs	下调Down 下调Down 上调Up	抑制内源赤霉素合成，降低内源赤霉素活性水平 Inhibit endogenous GAs synthesis and decrease the level of endogenous active GAs	Bai et al.，2022
赤霉素信号转导 GAs signal transduction	VvGAI1 VvRGA VvSLR1	下调Down	赤霉素信号转导通路的保守抑制因子，通过应答赤霉素信号调控果皮、果肉和种子的发育 Conservative inhibitors of GAs signaling pathway，regulate the development of berry pericarp, berry flesh and seed by responding to GAs	张文颖等，2018
赤霉素信号转导 GAs signal transduction	VvRGL	下调Down	GRAS转录因子家族成员，参与赤霉素信号传导和种子胚乳的发育 GRAS transcription factor family members，involved in GAs signaling and seed endosperm development	张文颖等，2019b
	VvGID1	下调Down	感知和接收赤霉素信号，参与赤霉素介导的多激素信号网络 Perceive and receive GAs signal，participate in GAs-mediated multi hormone signaling network	Suehiro et al.，2019
生长素途径 Auxin pathway	VvIAA9 VvARF7	下调Down	葡萄坐果起始的负调控因子，联系生长素信号与赤霉素信号 The negative regulatory factors of fruit setting initiation in grape，link the auxin signaling and GAs signaling	Jung et al.，2014
	VvARF4-2 VvARF6-1	上调Up	参与赤霉素介导的多激素信号网络，调节葡萄单性结实 Participate in GAs-mediated multi-hormone signaling network，regulate grape parthenocarpy	Sheng et al.，2022
	VvYUC VvAUX	上调Up	影响内源生长素的合成，参与赤霉素介导的生长素信号通路 Affect the synthesis of endogenous auxin，articipate in GAs-mediated auxin signaling network	刘静等，2023
细胞分裂素途径 Cytokinin pathway	VvAHK-1	下调Down	细胞分裂素受体蛋白，参与赤霉素介导的CTK信号通路，调节单性结实 Cytokinin receptor protein，participate in GAs-mediated CTK signaling pathway，regulate parthenocarpy	Sheng et al.，2022
细胞分裂素途径 Cytokinin pathway	VvCHK	下调Down	调控细胞分裂素生物合成，参与赤霉素介导的CK信号转导 Regulate cytokinin biosynthesis，participate in GAs-mediated CTK signaling pathway	Suehiro et al.，2019
脱落酸途径 Abscisic acid pathway	VvPYR1	下调Down	ABA信号通路受体蛋白，参与赤霉素介导的ABA信号通路，调节单性结实 Receptor proteins of ABA signaling pathway，participate in GAs-mediated ABA signaling pathway，regulate parthenocarpy	Sheng et al.，2022
乙烯途径 Ethylene pathway	VvCTR1	下调Down	乙烯信号途径关键基因，参与赤霉素介导的ETH信号通路，调节单性结实 The key gene of ethylene signaling pathway，participate in GAs-mediated ETH signaling pathway，regulate parthenogenesis	Sheng et al.，2022
乙烯途径 Ethylene pathway	VvACO	上调Down	乙烯生物合成相关，参与赤霉素介导的ETH信号通路 Ethylene biosynthesis related，participate in GAs-mediated ETH signaling pathway	Suehiro et al.，2019
茉莉酸途径 Jasmonic acid pathway	VvTGA2.2	下调Down	参与SA信号通路，响应赤霉素调节葡萄单性结实 Participate in SA signaling pathway and regulate grape parthenocarpy in response to GAs	Sheng et al.，2022

途径 Pathway	基因名称 Gene name	表达模式 Expression pattern	主要调控作用 Major regulatory effect	参考文献 Reference
赤霉素合成代谢 GAs metabolism	VvGA2oxs VvGA3oxs VvGA20oxs	下调Down 下调Down 上调Up	抑制内源赤霉素合成，降低内源赤霉素活性水平 Inhibit endogenous GAs synthesis and decrease the level of endogenous active GAs	Bai et al.，2022
赤霉素信号转导 GAs signal transduction	VvGAI1 VvRGA VvSLR1	下调Down	赤霉素信号转导通路的保守抑制因子，通过应答赤霉素信号调控果皮、果肉和种子的发育 Conservative inhibitors of GAs signaling pathway，regulate the development of berry pericarp, berry flesh and seed by responding to GAs	张文颖等，2018
赤霉素信号转导 GAs signal transduction	VvRGL	下调Down	GRAS转录因子家族成员，参与赤霉素信号传导和种子胚乳的发育 GRAS transcription factor family members，involved in GAs signaling and seed endosperm development	张文颖等，2019b
	VvGID1	下调Down	感知和接收赤霉素信号，参与赤霉素介导的多激素信号网络 Perceive and receive GAs signal，participate in GAs-mediated multi hormone signaling network	Suehiro et al.，2019
生长素途径 Auxin pathway	VvIAA9 VvARF7	下调Down	葡萄坐果起始的负调控因子，联系生长素信号与赤霉素信号 The negative regulatory factors of fruit setting initiation in grape，link the auxin signaling and GAs signaling	Jung et al.，2014
	VvARF4-2 VvARF6-1	上调Up	参与赤霉素介导的多激素信号网络，调节葡萄单性结实 Participate in GAs-mediated multi-hormone signaling network，regulate grape parthenocarpy	Sheng et al.，2022
	VvYUC VvAUX	上调Up	影响内源生长素的合成，参与赤霉素介导的生长素信号通路 Affect the synthesis of endogenous auxin，articipate in GAs-mediated auxin signaling network	刘静等，2023
细胞分裂素途径 Cytokinin pathway	VvAHK-1	下调Down	细胞分裂素受体蛋白，参与赤霉素介导的CTK信号通路，调节单性结实 Cytokinin receptor protein，participate in GAs-mediated CTK signaling pathway，regulate parthenocarpy	Sheng et al.，2022
细胞分裂素途径 Cytokinin pathway	VvCHK	下调Down	调控细胞分裂素生物合成，参与赤霉素介导的CK信号转导 Regulate cytokinin biosynthesis，participate in GAs-mediated CTK signaling pathway	Suehiro et al.，2019
脱落酸途径 Abscisic acid pathway	VvPYR1	下调Down	ABA信号通路受体蛋白，参与赤霉素介导的ABA信号通路，调节单性结实 Receptor proteins of ABA signaling pathway，participate in GAs-mediated ABA signaling pathway，regulate parthenocarpy	Sheng et al.，2022
乙烯途径 Ethylene pathway	VvCTR1	下调Down	乙烯信号途径关键基因，参与赤霉素介导的ETH信号通路，调节单性结实 The key gene of ethylene signaling pathway，participate in GAs-mediated ETH signaling pathway，regulate parthenogenesis	Sheng et al.，2022
乙烯途径 Ethylene pathway	VvACO	上调Down	乙烯生物合成相关，参与赤霉素介导的ETH信号通路 Ethylene biosynthesis related，participate in GAs-mediated ETH signaling pathway	Suehiro et al.，2019
茉莉酸途径 Jasmonic acid pathway	VvTGA2.2	下调Down	参与SA信号通路，响应赤霉素调节葡萄单性结实 Participate in SA signaling pathway and regulate grape parthenocarpy in response to GAs	Sheng et al.，2022

miRNA		靶基因 Target		调节作用 Regulation	参考文献 Reference
名称 Name	赤霉素应答 GAs response	名称 Name	赤霉素应答 GAs response	调节作用 Regulation	参考文献 Reference
VvmiR061	上调Up	VvREV VvHOX32	下调Down	调节开花和果实发育 Regulate flowering and fruit development	Wang et al.，2017
VvmiR156a	下调Down	VvAGL80	上调Up	调节开花、单性结实和种皮硬化 Regulate Flowering，parthenocarpy and seed-coat hardening	Su et al.，2022
VvmiR156b/c/d	上调Up	VvSPL	下调Down	调节果实发育和成熟以及胚的早期分化 Regulate the fruit development and ripening，as well as early differentiation of embryos	Wang et al.，2016；Cui et al.，2018
VvmiR159a/b/c	上调或下调 Up or down	VvGAMYB VvMYB48 VvAIX15 VvGRAS-1	上调或下调 Up or down	GA-DELLA(SLR1)-VvmiR159c-VvGAMYB是外源赤霉素诱导单性结实关键信号传导调控模型；调控果皮与果肉的发育 GA-DELLA(SLR1)-VvmiR159c-VvGAMYB is the key signaling regulatory model of GAs-induced grapevine parthenocarpy；Regulate the development of berry pericarp and berry flesh	Wang et al.，2018；张文颖等，2019a
Vvi-miR160a/b	上调Up	VvARF18	下调Down	生长素响应因子，调控赤霉素诱导葡萄种子败育的过程 Auxin response factor，regulate the GAs-induced grape seedless berry development.	白云赫等，2020
VvmiR166s	下调Down	VvHB15	上调Up	抑制果实中的木质素合成 Inhibit lignin synthesis in fruits	Bai et al.，2023
Vvi-miR172c	上调Up	VvAP2 VvRAP2-2 VvVvRAP2-3	下调Down	调控果皮与果肉组织的发育 Regulate the development of berry pericarp and berry flesh	宣旭娴等，2021
Vvi-miR172d	下调Down	VvRAP2-1	上调Up		宣旭娴等，2021
VvmiR31-3p	上调Up	VvCCoAOMT	下调Down	木质素合成酶基因，抑制种子硬化和胚胎发育 Lignin synthase gene，inhibits seed-coat hardening and embryonic development	Wang et al.，2021
VvmiR8-5p	上调Up	VvDCAF1	下调Down
VvmiR3633a	上调Up	VvGA3ox2	下调Down	抑制内源赤霉素的合成，降低活性赤霉素水平 Inhibit the synthesis of endogenous GAs and decrease the level of active GAs	Bai et al.，2022
VvmiR397a	下调Down	VvLAC	上调Up	调节木质素生物合成，影响葡萄果核的发育 Regulate the biosynthesis of lignin，affect the development of grape fruit pits	王文然等，2018

miRNA		靶基因 Target		调节作用 Regulation	参考文献 Reference
名称 Name	赤霉素应答 GAs response	名称 Name	赤霉素应答 GAs response	调节作用 Regulation	参考文献 Reference
VvmiR061	上调Up	VvREV VvHOX32	下调Down	调节开花和果实发育 Regulate flowering and fruit development	Wang et al.，2017
VvmiR156a	下调Down	VvAGL80	上调Up	调节开花、单性结实和种皮硬化 Regulate Flowering，parthenocarpy and seed-coat hardening	Su et al.，2022
VvmiR156b/c/d	上调Up	VvSPL	下调Down	调节果实发育和成熟以及胚的早期分化 Regulate the fruit development and ripening，as well as early differentiation of embryos	Wang et al.，2016；Cui et al.，2018
VvmiR159a/b/c	上调或下调 Up or down	VvGAMYB VvMYB48 VvAIX15 VvGRAS-1	上调或下调 Up or down	GA-DELLA(SLR1)-VvmiR159c-VvGAMYB是外源赤霉素诱导单性结实关键信号传导调控模型；调控果皮与果肉的发育 GA-DELLA(SLR1)-VvmiR159c-VvGAMYB is the key signaling regulatory model of GAs-induced grapevine parthenocarpy；Regulate the development of berry pericarp and berry flesh	Wang et al.，2018；张文颖等，2019a
Vvi-miR160a/b	上调Up	VvARF18	下调Down	生长素响应因子，调控赤霉素诱导葡萄种子败育的过程 Auxin response factor，regulate the GAs-induced grape seedless berry development.	白云赫等，2020
VvmiR166s	下调Down	VvHB15	上调Up	抑制果实中的木质素合成 Inhibit lignin synthesis in fruits	Bai et al.，2023
Vvi-miR172c	上调Up	VvAP2 VvRAP2-2 VvVvRAP2-3	下调Down	调控果皮与果肉组织的发育 Regulate the development of berry pericarp and berry flesh	宣旭娴等，2021
Vvi-miR172d	下调Down	VvRAP2-1	上调Up		宣旭娴等，2021
VvmiR31-3p	上调Up	VvCCoAOMT	下调Down	木质素合成酶基因，抑制种子硬化和胚胎发育 Lignin synthase gene，inhibits seed-coat hardening and embryonic development	Wang et al.，2021
VvmiR8-5p	上调Up	VvDCAF1	下调Down
VvmiR3633a	上调Up	VvGA3ox2	下调Down	抑制内源赤霉素的合成，降低活性赤霉素水平 Inhibit the synthesis of endogenous GAs and decrease the level of active GAs	Bai et al.，2022
VvmiR397a	下调Down	VvLAC	上调Up	调节木质素生物合成，影响葡萄果核的发育 Regulate the biosynthesis of lignin，affect the development of grape fruit pits	王文然等，2018

基因名称 Gene name	作用 Effect	参考文献 Reference
VvAGL11	响应赤霉素诱导影响种胚的正常发育 Affect the normal development of seed embryo in response to GAs induction	崔梦杰等，2019
VvAGL15	直接调节赤霉素代谢相关酶基因的表达，参与体细胞胚胎发生和种子萌发 Directly regulate the expression of GAs metabolism related enzyme genes and participated in somatic embryogenesis and seed germination	Wang et al.，2004
VvSEP3	参与胚珠组织种皮发育 Participate in seed formation and development	杨玉艳等，2012
VvLEC1	响应赤霉素诱导无核果实发育 Induce seedless fruit development in response to GAs	Cui et al.，2020
RBOH	调控细胞活性氧水平，抑制胚的发育 Regulate cellular reactive oxygen species levels and inhibiting embryonic development	Cheng et al.，2013
VvFeSOD3/VvMnSOD/ VvNADPH-E/VvFeRO2	抗氧化酶基因，影响抗氧化酶VvCAT和VvSOD的活性 Antioxidant enzyme genes，affect the activity of antioxidant enzymes VvCAT and VvSOD	Bai et al.，2022
VvGIN1	液泡转化酶基因，促进葡萄坐果 Vacuole converting enzyme gene，promote grape fruit setting	卢龙，2016

Research Progress on the Mechanism of GAs-Induced Seedlessness in Grape

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