Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (6): 1377-1385.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0162
• Cultivation·Physiology & Biochemistry • Previous Articles Next Articles
YUAN Quan1,2, LU Wei2,*, WANG Jun1,*(), CHEN Ru1, LI Yansu1, YU Xianchang1, HE Chaoxing1, SUN Mintao1, YAN Yan1
Received:
2024-01-08
Revised:
2024-03-15
Online:
2024-12-18
Published:
2024-06-22
Contact:
LU Wei, WANG Jun
YUAN Quan, LU Wei, WANG Jun, CHEN Ru, LI Yansu, YU Xianchang, HE Chaoxing, SUN Mintao, YAN Yan. Effects of Irrigation Lower Limits on Early-Spring Cucumber Grown Under Different Soil Textures in the Solar Greenhouse[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(6): 1377-1385.
Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX
URL: https://www.ahs.ac.cn/EN/10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0162
土质 Soil texture | 容重/(g · cm-3)Bulk density | 田间持水量/% Field capacity | 颗粒/% Particle | 碱解氮/(mg · kg-1)Alkali-hydrolyzablenitrogen | 速效钾/(mg · kg-1)Available potassium | 有效磷/(mg · kg-1)Available phosphorus | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
黏粒 Clay | 粉粒Loam | 砂粒 Sand | ||||||
壤土 Loam | 1.48 | 24.4 | 19.7 | 33.1 | 47.2 | 206 | 128.0 | 371 |
黏壤土 Clay loam | 1.32 | 29.4 | 38.2 | 25.0 | 36.8 | 205 | 92.5 | 195 |
砂壤土 Sandy loam | 1.58 | 20.1 | 16.3 | 18.1 | 65.6 | 201 | 105.0 | 158 |
Table 1 Soil physicochemical characteristics in this study
土质 Soil texture | 容重/(g · cm-3)Bulk density | 田间持水量/% Field capacity | 颗粒/% Particle | 碱解氮/(mg · kg-1)Alkali-hydrolyzablenitrogen | 速效钾/(mg · kg-1)Available potassium | 有效磷/(mg · kg-1)Available phosphorus | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
黏粒 Clay | 粉粒Loam | 砂粒 Sand | ||||||
壤土 Loam | 1.48 | 24.4 | 19.7 | 33.1 | 47.2 | 206 | 128.0 | 371 |
黏壤土 Clay loam | 1.32 | 29.4 | 38.2 | 25.0 | 36.8 | 205 | 92.5 | 195 |
砂壤土 Sandy loam | 1.58 | 20.1 | 16.3 | 18.1 | 65.6 | 201 | 105.0 | 158 |
处理 Treatment | 净光合速率/(µmol · m-2 · s-1) Photosynthetic rate | 叶面积/cm2 Leaf area | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
土质 Soil texture | 灌水下限/% Irrigation limit | 03-30 | 05-05 | 06-07 | 04-08 | 05-11 | 06-17 |
壤土 Loam | 60 | 17.6 ± 0.8 b | 15.1 ± 1.4 a | 22.9 ± 0.7 a | 4 375.2 ± 146.5 abc | 7 197.2 ± 351.4 b | 5 816.5 ± 198.5 ab |
70 | 20.9 ± 0.7 a | 18.6 ± 0.8 a | 23.9 ± 1.6 a | 4 370.3 ± 343.7 abc | 8 126.7 ± 848.1 ab | 4 492.0 ± 58.4 ab | |
80 | 19.1 ± 0.8 ab | 19.4 ± 0.3 a | 22.8 ± 1.4 a | 5 471.5 ± 315.4 a | 10 619.7 ± 804.5 a | 4 279.0 ± 109.5 ab | |
黏壤土 Clay loam | 60 | 20.0 ± 0.4 ab | 20.1 ± 0.1 a | 24.8 ± 1.0 a | 5 134.9 ± 190.1 a | 9 466.4 ± 628.0 ab | 4 530.8 ± 683.0 ab |
70 | 19.1 ± 0.7 ab | 19.6 ± 0.6 a | 24.2 ± 0.2 a | 3 826.8 ± 134.7 bc | 8 131.3 ± 112.7 ab | 4 878.2 ± 483.9 ab | |
80 | 17.2 ± 0.8 b | 15.0 ± 2.0 a | 23.3 ± 2.0 a | 3 112.2 ± 312.1 c | 8 511.6 ± 157.6 ab | 5 338.0 ± 790.0 ab | |
砂壤土 Sandy loam | 60 | 18.0 ± 0.4 ab | 16.4 ± 1.1 a | 25.4 ± 0.3 a | 4 682.7 ± 316.6 ab | 8 647.5 ± 992.3 ab | 3 664.7 ± 692.4 b |
70 | 18.0 ± 0.5 ab | 17.5 ± 1.3 a | 24.8 ± 1.4 a | 5 256.0 ± 380.7 a | 9 132.9 ± 872.2 ab | 5 227.6 ± 496.6 ab | |
80 | 20.0 ± 0.7 ab | 18.3 ± 0.5 a | 24.2 ± 1.0 a | 4 901.8 ± 214.4 ab | 9 465.1 ± 275.1 ab | 7 049.9 ± 1 055.4 a |
Table 2 Photosynthetic rate and leaf area of early-spring cucumber under the different irrigation limits in the greenhouse
处理 Treatment | 净光合速率/(µmol · m-2 · s-1) Photosynthetic rate | 叶面积/cm2 Leaf area | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
土质 Soil texture | 灌水下限/% Irrigation limit | 03-30 | 05-05 | 06-07 | 04-08 | 05-11 | 06-17 |
壤土 Loam | 60 | 17.6 ± 0.8 b | 15.1 ± 1.4 a | 22.9 ± 0.7 a | 4 375.2 ± 146.5 abc | 7 197.2 ± 351.4 b | 5 816.5 ± 198.5 ab |
70 | 20.9 ± 0.7 a | 18.6 ± 0.8 a | 23.9 ± 1.6 a | 4 370.3 ± 343.7 abc | 8 126.7 ± 848.1 ab | 4 492.0 ± 58.4 ab | |
80 | 19.1 ± 0.8 ab | 19.4 ± 0.3 a | 22.8 ± 1.4 a | 5 471.5 ± 315.4 a | 10 619.7 ± 804.5 a | 4 279.0 ± 109.5 ab | |
黏壤土 Clay loam | 60 | 20.0 ± 0.4 ab | 20.1 ± 0.1 a | 24.8 ± 1.0 a | 5 134.9 ± 190.1 a | 9 466.4 ± 628.0 ab | 4 530.8 ± 683.0 ab |
70 | 19.1 ± 0.7 ab | 19.6 ± 0.6 a | 24.2 ± 0.2 a | 3 826.8 ± 134.7 bc | 8 131.3 ± 112.7 ab | 4 878.2 ± 483.9 ab | |
80 | 17.2 ± 0.8 b | 15.0 ± 2.0 a | 23.3 ± 2.0 a | 3 112.2 ± 312.1 c | 8 511.6 ± 157.6 ab | 5 338.0 ± 790.0 ab | |
砂壤土 Sandy loam | 60 | 18.0 ± 0.4 ab | 16.4 ± 1.1 a | 25.4 ± 0.3 a | 4 682.7 ± 316.6 ab | 8 647.5 ± 992.3 ab | 3 664.7 ± 692.4 b |
70 | 18.0 ± 0.5 ab | 17.5 ± 1.3 a | 24.8 ± 1.4 a | 5 256.0 ± 380.7 a | 9 132.9 ± 872.2 ab | 5 227.6 ± 496.6 ab | |
80 | 20.0 ± 0.7 ab | 18.3 ± 0.5 a | 24.2 ± 1.0 a | 4 901.8 ± 214.4 ab | 9 465.1 ± 275.1 ab | 7 049.9 ± 1 055.4 a |
处理 Treatment | 株高/m Plant height | 节间数 Number of internode | 瓜数/(× 103条 · hm-2) Number of fruit | 产量/(t · hm-2) Yield | 灌溉水分利用效率/(kg · m-3) Irrigation water use efficiency | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
土质 Soil texture | 灌水下限/% Irrigation limit | |||||
壤土 Loam | 60 | 3.73 ± 0.36 ab | 40.4 ± 1.9 a | 494.9 ± 18.7 a | 106.68 ± 4.30 bc | 41.4 ± 1.7 bc |
70 | 4.28 ± 0.21 ab | 43.0 ± 1.4 a | 493.2 ± 17.9 a | 110.76 ± 3.26 abc | 45.1 ± 1.3 ab | |
80 | 4.58 ± 0.37 ab | 41.2 ± 2.3 a | 539.4 ± 15.8 a | 120.53 ± 5.42 abc | 35.7 ± 1.6 c | |
黏壤土 Clay loam | 60 | 4.98 ± 0.17 a | 43.4 ± 1.6 a | 570.5 ± 16.0 a | 130.27 ± 2.79 a | 42.3 ± 0.9 abc |
70 | 4.04 ± 0.27 ab | 39.6 ± 1.1 a | 484.6 ± 27.7 a | 102.63 ± 5.31 c | 42.4 ± 2.2 abc | |
80 | 4.71 ± 0.26 ab | 41.4 ± 0.5 a | 496.6 ± 21.6 a | 111.50 ± 5.61 abc | 36.5 ± 1.8 c | |
砂壤土 Sandy loam | 60 | 3.55 ± 0.25 b | 38.2 ± 1.7 a | 537.6 ± 24.3 a | 115.15 ± 4.98 abc | 49.3 ± 2.1 a |
70 | 3.71 ± 0.29 b | 39.0 ± 1.8 a | 514.0 ± 24.5 a | 116.30 ± 5.66 abc | 39.9 ± 1.9 bc | |
80 | 4.26 ± 0.18 ab | 39.8 ± 0.9 a | 575.0 ± 18.0 a | 125.01 ± 3.64 ab | 45.3 ± 1.3 ab |
Table 3 Plant height,yield and irrigation water use efficiency of early-spring cucumber under the different irrigation limits in the greenhouse
处理 Treatment | 株高/m Plant height | 节间数 Number of internode | 瓜数/(× 103条 · hm-2) Number of fruit | 产量/(t · hm-2) Yield | 灌溉水分利用效率/(kg · m-3) Irrigation water use efficiency | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
土质 Soil texture | 灌水下限/% Irrigation limit | |||||
壤土 Loam | 60 | 3.73 ± 0.36 ab | 40.4 ± 1.9 a | 494.9 ± 18.7 a | 106.68 ± 4.30 bc | 41.4 ± 1.7 bc |
70 | 4.28 ± 0.21 ab | 43.0 ± 1.4 a | 493.2 ± 17.9 a | 110.76 ± 3.26 abc | 45.1 ± 1.3 ab | |
80 | 4.58 ± 0.37 ab | 41.2 ± 2.3 a | 539.4 ± 15.8 a | 120.53 ± 5.42 abc | 35.7 ± 1.6 c | |
黏壤土 Clay loam | 60 | 4.98 ± 0.17 a | 43.4 ± 1.6 a | 570.5 ± 16.0 a | 130.27 ± 2.79 a | 42.3 ± 0.9 abc |
70 | 4.04 ± 0.27 ab | 39.6 ± 1.1 a | 484.6 ± 27.7 a | 102.63 ± 5.31 c | 42.4 ± 2.2 abc | |
80 | 4.71 ± 0.26 ab | 41.4 ± 0.5 a | 496.6 ± 21.6 a | 111.50 ± 5.61 abc | 36.5 ± 1.8 c | |
砂壤土 Sandy loam | 60 | 3.55 ± 0.25 b | 38.2 ± 1.7 a | 537.6 ± 24.3 a | 115.15 ± 4.98 abc | 49.3 ± 2.1 a |
70 | 3.71 ± 0.29 b | 39.0 ± 1.8 a | 514.0 ± 24.5 a | 116.30 ± 5.66 abc | 39.9 ± 1.9 bc | |
80 | 4.26 ± 0.18 ab | 39.8 ± 0.9 a | 575.0 ± 18.0 a | 125.01 ± 3.64 ab | 45.3 ± 1.3 ab |
处理 Treatment | 可溶性蛋白含量/(mg · g-1)Soluble protein content | 可溶性糖含量/% Soluble sugar content | 维生素C含量/(mg · kg-1) Vitamin C content | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
土质 Soil texture | 灌水下限/% Irrigation limit | ||||
壤土 Loam | 60 | 0.70 ± 0.07 a | 11.69 ± 0.39 abc | 136. 3 ± 5.5 bc | |
70 | 0.63 ± 0.05 a | 9.82 ± 0.40 c | 138. 1 ± 4.0 bc | ||
80 | 0.65 ± 0.04 a | 10.47 ± 0.17 bc | 147. 8 ± 5.7 b | ||
黏壤土 Clay loam | 60 | 0.63 ± 0.04 a | 11.47 ± 0.45 abc | 122. 0 ± 2.9 c | |
70 | 0.58 ± 0.03 a | 11.56 ± 0.20 abc | 184. 9 ± 4.9 a | ||
80 | 0.64 ± 0.04 a | 12.41 ± 0.43 ab | 182. 8 ± 2.0 a | ||
砂壤土 Sandy loam | 60 | 0.58 ± 0.07 a | 11.01 ± 0.50 abc | 185. 5 ± 1.1 a | |
70 | 0.71 ± 0.05 a | 13.12 ± 0.49 a | 181. 7 ± 5.9 a | ||
80 | 0.53 ± 0.04 a | 12.29 ± 0.95 ab | 183. 8 ± 7.0 a |
Table 4 Fruit quality of early-spring cucumber under the different irrigation limits in the greenhouse
处理 Treatment | 可溶性蛋白含量/(mg · g-1)Soluble protein content | 可溶性糖含量/% Soluble sugar content | 维生素C含量/(mg · kg-1) Vitamin C content | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
土质 Soil texture | 灌水下限/% Irrigation limit | ||||
壤土 Loam | 60 | 0.70 ± 0.07 a | 11.69 ± 0.39 abc | 136. 3 ± 5.5 bc | |
70 | 0.63 ± 0.05 a | 9.82 ± 0.40 c | 138. 1 ± 4.0 bc | ||
80 | 0.65 ± 0.04 a | 10.47 ± 0.17 bc | 147. 8 ± 5.7 b | ||
黏壤土 Clay loam | 60 | 0.63 ± 0.04 a | 11.47 ± 0.45 abc | 122. 0 ± 2.9 c | |
70 | 0.58 ± 0.03 a | 11.56 ± 0.20 abc | 184. 9 ± 4.9 a | ||
80 | 0.64 ± 0.04 a | 12.41 ± 0.43 ab | 182. 8 ± 2.0 a | ||
砂壤土 Sandy loam | 60 | 0.58 ± 0.07 a | 11.01 ± 0.50 abc | 185. 5 ± 1.1 a | |
70 | 0.71 ± 0.05 a | 13.12 ± 0.49 a | 181. 7 ± 5.9 a | ||
80 | 0.53 ± 0.04 a | 12.29 ± 0.95 ab | 183. 8 ± 7.0 a |
[1] |
|
[2] |
|
[3] |
|
[4] |
|
常莉飞. 2007. 调亏灌溉对温室黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)生长发育和产量品质的影响[硕士论文]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学.
|
|
[5] |
2021 China Water Resources Bulletin. 2021. in Chinese)
|
2021年中国水资源公报. 2021. http://app.gjzwfw.gov.cn/jmopen/webapp/html5/szygbxxcx/index.html.
|
|
[6] |
|
窦超银, 孟维忠, 陈伟, 延玮辰. 2018. 辽宁地区秋冬茬大棚黄瓜滴灌水肥一体化试验研究. 灌溉排水学报, 37 (8):22-26.
|
|
[7] |
|
葛建坤, 辛清聪, 龚雪文, 平盈璐, 薄国魁, 李彦彬. 2021. 温室通风控水条件对番茄耗水特性及产量的影响. 农业工程学报, 37 (15):204-213.
|
|
[8] |
|
龚雪文, 孙景生, 刘浩, 张昊, 吴晓磊, 孙玉红. 2015. 基于20 cm蒸发皿蒸发量制定的华北地区温室黄瓜滴灌灌水制度. 应用生态学报, 26 (11):3381-3388.
|
|
[9] |
|
贺忠群, 邹志荣. 2014. 黄瓜结果期灌水上限的研究. 干旱地区农业研究, 3 (1):84-88.
|
|
[10] |
|
胡笑涛. 2012. 温室番茄局部控制灌溉节水调控机制与水分亏缺诊断[博士论文]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学.
|
|
[11] |
|
贾绍凤, 周长青, 燕华云, 周宏飞, 汤奇成, 张捷斌. 2004. 西北地区水资源可利用量与承载能力估算. 水科学进展, 15 (6):801-807.
|
|
[12] |
|
金宁, 金莉, 吕剑, 郁继华, 罗石磊, 张国斌, 武玥, 刘泽慈. 2022. 不同灌水下限对基质栽培黄瓜矿质元素积累分配及水分利用的影响. 甘肃农业大学学报, 57 (2):43-53.
|
|
[13] |
|
[14] |
|
李合生. 2000. 植物生理生化实验原理和技术. 北京: 高等教育出版社.
|
|
[15] |
|
李清明. 2005. 温室黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)节水高效灌溉上限指标的研究[博士论文]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学.
|
|
[16] |
doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0700 |
李天来, 齐明芳, 孟思达. 2022. 中国设施园艺发展60年成就与展望. 园艺学报, 49 (10):2119-2130.
doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0700 |
|
[17] |
|
梁新书, 廉晓娟, 李友丽, 王艳, 韩永钢, 孙崧. 2022. 基于自动灌溉模式的日光温室黄瓜土壤水分参数设定. 天津农业科学, 28 (6):61-65.
|
|
[18] |
|
廖凯, 范兴科. 2011. 基于水分上限的灌溉控制对黄瓜水分利用效率的影响. 灌溉排水学报, 30 (1):54-56,60.
|
|
[19] |
|
[20] |
|
[21] |
|
[22] |
|
[23] |
|
鲁如坤. 1999. 土壤农业化学分析方法. 北京: 中国农业科技出版社.
|
|
[24] |
|
吕剑, 金宁, 郁继华, 金莉, 张国斌, 肖雪梅, 胡琳莉. 2020. 基质栽培黄瓜生长、产量及品质对不同灌水下限的响应. 干旱地区农业研究, 38 (5):107-115.
|
|
[25] |
|
[26] |
|
孙一鑫, 马乐乐, 苗丽丽, 何佳星, 李建明. 2023. 基于光辐射时滞效应的温室番茄蒸腾量模型的构建. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 51 (2):2-11.
|
|
[27] |
|
魏晓然. 2019. 日光温室番茄基质含水量及辐射累积量控制灌溉模式研究[硕士论文]. 北京: 中国农业科学院.
|
|
[28] |
|
毋海梅, 闫浩芳, 张川, 黄松,Acquah S J. 2020. 温室滴灌黄瓜产量和水分利用效率对水分胁迫的响应. 农业工程学报, 36 (9):84-93.
|
[1] | WANG Wenjiao, XING Junjie, SHEN Chengcheng, LI Bin. Screening and Functional Analysis of CsCOL5,the Upstream Regulator of CsCER1,in Cucumber Pericarp Wax Synthesis [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(5): 1005-1016. |
[2] | ZHANG Congying, GU Xingfang, MIAO Han, DONG Shaoyun, LIU Xiaoping, GUAN Jiantao, ZHANG Shengping. A New Cucumber Hybrid‘Zhongnong Cuiyu 1’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(5): 1173-1174. |
[3] | WANG Wenjun, WANG Jingjing, CHEN Qiling, ZHENG Qiangqing. Parameter Determination and Modeling of Central Leader Tree Shape for High Quality and High Yield Production of Ziziphus jujuba‘Huizao’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(4): 832-846. |
[4] | YU Jing, FENG Xiangjun, JIN Yingxue, DING Guohua. Inhibitory Effect of Pyropheophorbide-a on Cucumber Fusarium Wilt [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(4): 859-874. |
[5] | ZHANG Congying, GU Xingfang, MIAO Han, DONG Shaoyun, LIU Xiaoping, GUAN Jiantao, ZHANG Shengping. A New Cucumber Hybrid‘Zhongnong Cuilü 2’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(4): 919-920. |
[6] | LIU Meng, JIA Huiting, ZHOU Xingang. Isolation,Identification and Functional Analysis of Symbiotic Bacteria of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerium [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(3): 643-655. |
[7] | GUO Chunlei, CAO Fei, WANG Dongsheng, ZHANG Jingzheng, QI Yongshun, WANG Tongkun, CAI Deyi, TONG Jingmei. A Late Ripening and High Quality Castanea mollissima Cultivar‘Yanbao’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(3): 697-698. |
[8] | FENG Yiqing, QIU Shengnan, WU Yue, XIE Yang, ZHANG Xiaowei, BI Huangai, AI Xizhen. Effect of Exogenous Melatonin on the Cold Tolerance of Cucumber in Solar-Greenhouse [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(11): 2633-2644. |
[9] | HAN Shiwen, LIU Tao, WANG Liping, LI Nanyang, WANG Suna, and WANG Xing, . Genome-Wide Identification and Stress-Responsive Expression Analysis of the Cucumber SRS Gene Family [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(10): 2281-2296. |
[10] | CHEN Bing, CHENG Yujin, SUN Baozhen, SONG Jianfei, ZHANG Weiwei, and YANG Hongqiang. Effects of Irrigation Before Soil Freezing on Bacterial Community Composition and Available Nutrient Content in‘Fuji’Apple Rhizosphere [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(10): 2401-2412. |
[11] | WU Qiong, ZHANG Tiantian, LI Maoying, WU Huiling, GUO Shaogui, ZHANG Jie, REN Yi, ZHANG Haiying, and GONG Guoyi. Preliminary Study on the Prevention and Control Effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Strain 5 on Cucumber Green Mottled Mosaic Virus Disease on Watermelon [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(10): 2427-2438. |
[12] | ZHAO Xia, LI Gang, LIU Lifeng, HU Panpan, SONG Yanhong, and ZHOU Houcheng. A New Strawberry Cultivar‘Huafeng 1’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(S1): 35-36. |
[13] | LI Renjie , WANG Chenggang , ZHANG Shengnan , SHAN Guolei , CHEN Guohu , HOU Jinfeng , HUANG Xingxue , and YUAN Lingyun, . A Non Heading Chinese Cabbage Cultivar‘Xiakang 718’with Heat Resistance [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(S1): 43-44. |
[14] | YAN Xi, HE Lei, LAI Wei, LIU Chongzheng, YANG Hong , and JIANG Hong. A New Pepper Cultivar‘Qianla 16’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(S1): 71-72. |
[15] | ZHENG Xinqiang , LI Zeyu, LI Kai, LU Jianliang , ZHAO Dong , YE Jianhui , Ye Jingjing , LI Cunyu , and LIANG Yuerong, . An Early-sprouting and Elite New Tea Cultivar‘Zhenong 301’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(S1): 201-202. |
Viewed | ||||||
Full text |
|
|||||
Abstract |
|
|||||
Copyright © 2012 Acta Horticulturae Sinica 京ICP备10030308号-2 国际联网备案号 11010802023439
Tel: 010-82109523 E-Mail: yuanyixuebao@126.com
Support by: Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd