Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (3): 485-494.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-1197
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LAI Hengxin*, LI Wenguang*, PENG Liangzhi** (), HE Yizhong, ZHU Panpan, YANG Wanyun, LING Lili, FU Xingzheng, CHUN Changpin, CAO Li
Received:
2022-08-10
Revised:
2022-10-17
Online:
2023-03-25
Published:
2023-04-03
Contact:
**(E-mail:pengliangzhi@cric.cn)
CLC Number:
LAI Hengxin, LI Wenguang, PENG Liangzhi, HE Yizhong, ZHU Panpan, YANG Wanyun, LING Lili, FU Xingzheng, CHUN Changpin, CAO Li. Quality Changes of On-tree Storage Fruit of Orah Mandarin(Citrus reticulata Blanco)During Spring and Summer Seasons[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(3): 485-494.
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URL: https://www.ahs.ac.cn/EN/10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-1197
内质指标 Index | 年份 Year | 测定日期/(M-D) Date of sample determination | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
01-15 | 02-15 | 03-15 | 04-15 | 05-15 | 06-15 | ||
TSS/% | 2018 | 13.70 ± 0.66 b | 15.78 ± 0.51 a | 15.97 ± 0.25 a | 14.60 ± 0.56 b | 14.30 ± 0.26 b | — |
2019 | 11.83 ± 0.42 d | 13.20 ± 0.25 c | 15.13 ± 0.65 b | 14.37 ± 0.60 b | 14.90 ± 0.60 b | 16.53 ± 0.06 a | |
2020 | 14.23 ± 0.42 b | — | 13.53 ± 0.68 b | 13.08 ± 0.31 b | 15.80 ± 0.75 a | 15.50 ± 1.01 a | |
2021 | 11.63 ± 0.32 c | 13.03 ± 0.35 bc | 13.17 ± 0.87 b | 12.93 ± 1.36 bc | 14.40 ± 0.92 ab | 14.70 ± 0.10 a | |
均值Average | 12.85 ± 1.31 b | 14.00 ± 1.54 ab | 14.45 ± 1.32 ab | 13.75 ± 0.86 ab | 14.85 ± 0.69 a | 15.58 ± 0.92 a | |
TA/% | 2018 | 0.51 ± 0.04 a | 0.46 ± 0.01 b | 0.44 ± 0.05 b | 0.33 ± 0.02 c | 0.32 ± 0.01 c | — |
2019 | 0.57 ± 0.02 a | 0.42 ± 0.02 b | 0.38 ± 0.03 c | 0.30 ± 0.02 d | 0.27 ± 0.02 d | 0.27 ± 0.01 d | |
2020 | 0.53 ± 0.03 a | — | 0.48 ± 0.05 b | 0.46 ± 0.02 b | 0.40 ± 0.01 c | 0.38 ± 0.01 c | |
2021 | 0.56 ± 0.02 a | 0.45 ± 0.03 b | 0.41 ± 0.05 bc | 0.37 ± 0.02 cd | 0.35 ± 0.04 d | 0.32 ± 0.01 d | |
均值Average | 0.55 ± 0.02 a | 0.44 ± 0.02 b | 0.43 ± 0.04 bc | 0.36 ± 0.07 cd | 0.34 ± 0.05 d | 0.32 ± 0.06 d | |
TSS/TA | 2018 | 26.65 ± 1.14 c | 34.75 ± 1.17 b | 36.53 ± 3.60 b | 44.90 ± 4.17 a | 44.75 ± 0.68 a | — |
2019 | 20.76 ± 1.16 f | 31.44 ± 1.30 e | 39.94 ± 2.50 d | 48.54 ± 1.60 c | 54.39 ± 6.42 b | 61.98 ± 1.10 a | |
2020 | 26.78 ± 0.96 b | — | 28.50 ± 3.42 b | 28.93 ± 1.57 b | 39.48 ± 1.85 a | 40.69 ± 2.94 a | |
2021 | 20.87 ± 0.38 d | 29.15 ± 1.15 c | 32.52 ± 1.89 bc | 35.57 ± 5.80 b | 41.75 ± 4.05 a | 45.25 ± 1.19 a | |
均值Average | 23.77 ± 3.41 d | 31.78 ± 2.82 cd | 34.37 ± 4.95 bcd | 39.49 ± 8.91 abc | 45.09 ± 6.57 ab | 49.31 ± 11.21 a | |
维生素C/ (mg · L-1) Vitamin C | 2018 | 261.44 ± 3.24 a | 227.75 ± 6.93 b | 220.41 ± 13.64 b | 167.11 ± 13.42 c | 162.19 ± 23.18 c | — |
2019 | 257.31 ± 2.92 a | 230.45 ± 0.00 b | 227.29 ± 11.53 b | 167.13 ± 7.05 c | 139.51 ± 9.87 d | 140.50 ± 10.21 d | |
2020 | 222.91 ± 15.15 a | — | 203.56 ± 6.16 a | 201.69 ± 33.71 a | 151.11 ± 16.07 b | 127.93 ± 1.56 b | |
2021 | 214.28 ± 9.51 a | 220.41 ± 17.42 a | 183.29 ± 10.78 b | 171.34 ± 5.00 bc | 169.85 ± 7.87 bc | 155.99 ± 13.91 c | |
均值Average | 238.99 ± 23.87 a | 226.20 ± 5.20 ab | 208.64 ± 19.62 b | 176.82 ± 16.70 c | 155.67 ± 13.24 cd | 141.47 ± 14.06 d | |
化渣性 Pulp crisp property | 2020 | 79.43 ± 2.72 c | — | 86.10 ± 1.94 a | 83.10 ± 1.72 ab | 82.71 ± 1.75 abc | 81.38 ± 81.38 bc |
2021 | 81.19 ± 1.08 b | 85.62 ± 1.53 a | 87.43 ± 0.43 a | 86.38 ± 1.15 a | 83.05 ± 1.66 b | 80.81 ± 1.62 b | |
均值Average | 80.31 ± 2.09 d | 85.62 ± 1.53 a | 86.76 ± 1.45 a | 84.74 ± 2.22 ab | 82.88 ± 1.54 bc | 81.10 ± 1.08 cd | |
果皮 硬度/N Peel firmness | 2020 | 16.93 ± 1.05 a | — | 14.95 ± 0.17 b | 14.60 ± 0.68 bc | 13.74 ± 0.40 cd | 13.32 ± 0.39 d |
2021 | 15.92 ± 0.35 a | 15.65 ± 0.47 a | 15.26 ± 0.47 a | 15.05 ± 0.18 a | 13.08 ± 1.10 b | 12.11 ± 0.60 b | |
均值Average | 16.43 ± 0.90 a | 15.65 ± 0.47 ab | 15.10 ± 0.36 b | 14.82 ± 0.51 b | 13.41 ± 0.82 c | 12.72 ± 0.80 c | |
果肉 硬度/N Pulp hardness | 2018 | 5.24 ± 0.14 ab | 5.83 ± 0.62 a | 5.53 ± 0.30 ab | 5.13 ± 0.21 b | 4.41 ± 0.24 c | — |
2019 | 7.48 ± 0.39 a | 7.66 ± 0.71 a | 7.34 ± 0.28 a | 5.96 ± 0.23 b | 4.11 ± 0.62 c | 3.85 ± 0.16 c | |
2020 | 6.30 ± 0.28 a | — | 5.33 ± 0.28 b | 4.88 ± 0.13 c | 4.27 ± 0.28 d | 3.97 ± 0.13 d | |
2021 | 5.10 ± 0.27 a | 4.54 ± 0.20 ab | 4.52 ± 0.66 ab | 3.98 ± 0.24 bc | 3.94 ± 0.36 bc | 3.49 ± 0.11 c | |
均值Average | 6.03 ± 1.11 a | 6.01 ± 1.57 a | 5.68 ± 1.19 ab | 4.99 ± 0.82 abc | 4.18 ± 0.20 bc | 3.77 ± 0.25 c | |
果皮 厚度/mm Peel thickness | 2018 | 3.02 ± 0.33 a | 3.29 ± 0.31 a | 3.03 ± 0.27 a | 2.78 ± 0.31 ab | 2.48 ± 0.04 b | — |
2019 | 3.17 ± 0.25 b | 3.57 ± 0.18 a | 2.96 ± 0.04 c | 3.53 ± 0.08 a | 2.69 ± 0.14 c | 3.50 ± 0.20 a | |
2020 | 3.99 ± 0.09 b | — | 4.20 ± 0.02 a | 4.25 ± 0.09 a | 3.84 ± 0.07 c | 3.66 ± 0.04 d | |
2021 | 3.16 ± 0.20 a | 3.08 ± 0.10 a | 3.58 ± 1.00 a | 2.86 ± 0.12 a | 2.82 ± 0.09 a | 2.95 ± 0.07 a | |
均值Average | 3.34 ± 0.44 a | 3.31 ± 0.25 a | 3.45 ± 0.58 a | 3.36 ± 0.68 a | 2.96 ± 0.60 a | 3.37 ± 0.38 a | |
可食率/% Edible rate | 2018 | 67.55 ± 1.03 b | 70.89 ± 2.76 ab | 68.79 ± 2.13 b | 73.02 ± 1.32 a | 74.30 ± 1.20 a | — |
2019 | 71.06 ± 0.09 ab | 70.27 ± 1.23 ab | 71.98 ± 1.17 a | 71.83 ± 1.11 a | 71.42 ± 2.19 a | 69.03 ± 0.61 b | |
2020 | 71.53 ± 0.31 a | — | 70.02 ± 0.61 ab | 67.84 ± 0.68 c | 71.61 ± 1.67 a | 68.75 ± 0.79 bc | |
2021 | 68.69 ± 2.13 b | 70.71 ± 0.82 ab | 69.90 ± 2.61 b | 73.03 ± 0.29 a | 71.18 ± 0.63 ab | 71.53 ± 0.94 ab | |
均值Average | 69.71 ± 1.90 a | 70.63 ± 0.32 a | 70.17 ± 1.33 a | 71.43 ± 2.46 a | 72.13 ± 1.46 a | 69.77 ± 1.53 a | |
出汁率/% Juice rate | 2018 | 48.68 ± 3.05 a | 47.16 ± 6.19 a | 50.47 ± 2.05 a | 53.92 ± 2.60 a | 51.99 ± 1.69 a | — |
2019 | 54.73 ± 0.44 a | 53.93 ± 6.35 a | 54.90 ± 0.93 a | 57.57 ± 0.75 a | 53.45 ± 3.15 a | 52.79 ± 0.98 a | |
2020 | 46.16 ± 2.41 b | — | 55.71 ± 2.09 a | 48.39 ± 3.59 b | 48.31 ± 2.43 b | 49.85 ± 2.67 b | |
2021 | 48.85 ± 2.84 ab | 47.80 ± 4.13 ab | 46.29 ± 5.13 b | 50.58 ± 1.15 ab | 52.42 ± 0.95 a | 51.08 ± 0.50 ab | |
均值Average | 49.61 ± 3.63 a | 49.63 ± 3.74 a | 51.85 ± 4.36 a | 52.62 ± 4.01 a | 51.54 ± 2.24 a | 51.24 ± 1.48 a | |
种子数 | 2018 | 15.40 ± 0.92 a | 16.23 ± 1.33 a | 11.43 ± 0.91 b | 9.40 ± 0.62 c | 9.37 ± 0.57 c | — |
Seed number | 2019 | 10.87 ± 1.31 b | 12.70 ± 1.56 ab | 14.43 ± 1.07 a | 12.40 ± 1.93 ab | 13.97 ± 0.81 a | 10.23 ± 1.15 b |
2020 | 15.53 ± 1.63 ab | — | 10.29 ± 4.27 b | 10.17 ± 1.94 b | 13.08 ± 3.50 ab | 16.38 ± 1.38 a | |
2021 | 20.63 ± 1.35 a | 20.17 ± 2.55 a | 17.75 ± 5.22 a | 21.46 ± 2.23 a | 20.73 ± 0.90 a | 19.38 ± 0.74 a | |
均值Average | 15.61 ± 3.99 a | 16.37 ± 3.74 a | 13.48 ± 3.34 a | 13.36 ± 5.55 a | 14.29 ± 4.73 a | 15.33 ± 4.06 a |
Table 1 Internal quality changes of fruit on-tree storage of Orah mandarin in 2018—2021
内质指标 Index | 年份 Year | 测定日期/(M-D) Date of sample determination | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
01-15 | 02-15 | 03-15 | 04-15 | 05-15 | 06-15 | ||
TSS/% | 2018 | 13.70 ± 0.66 b | 15.78 ± 0.51 a | 15.97 ± 0.25 a | 14.60 ± 0.56 b | 14.30 ± 0.26 b | — |
2019 | 11.83 ± 0.42 d | 13.20 ± 0.25 c | 15.13 ± 0.65 b | 14.37 ± 0.60 b | 14.90 ± 0.60 b | 16.53 ± 0.06 a | |
2020 | 14.23 ± 0.42 b | — | 13.53 ± 0.68 b | 13.08 ± 0.31 b | 15.80 ± 0.75 a | 15.50 ± 1.01 a | |
2021 | 11.63 ± 0.32 c | 13.03 ± 0.35 bc | 13.17 ± 0.87 b | 12.93 ± 1.36 bc | 14.40 ± 0.92 ab | 14.70 ± 0.10 a | |
均值Average | 12.85 ± 1.31 b | 14.00 ± 1.54 ab | 14.45 ± 1.32 ab | 13.75 ± 0.86 ab | 14.85 ± 0.69 a | 15.58 ± 0.92 a | |
TA/% | 2018 | 0.51 ± 0.04 a | 0.46 ± 0.01 b | 0.44 ± 0.05 b | 0.33 ± 0.02 c | 0.32 ± 0.01 c | — |
2019 | 0.57 ± 0.02 a | 0.42 ± 0.02 b | 0.38 ± 0.03 c | 0.30 ± 0.02 d | 0.27 ± 0.02 d | 0.27 ± 0.01 d | |
2020 | 0.53 ± 0.03 a | — | 0.48 ± 0.05 b | 0.46 ± 0.02 b | 0.40 ± 0.01 c | 0.38 ± 0.01 c | |
2021 | 0.56 ± 0.02 a | 0.45 ± 0.03 b | 0.41 ± 0.05 bc | 0.37 ± 0.02 cd | 0.35 ± 0.04 d | 0.32 ± 0.01 d | |
均值Average | 0.55 ± 0.02 a | 0.44 ± 0.02 b | 0.43 ± 0.04 bc | 0.36 ± 0.07 cd | 0.34 ± 0.05 d | 0.32 ± 0.06 d | |
TSS/TA | 2018 | 26.65 ± 1.14 c | 34.75 ± 1.17 b | 36.53 ± 3.60 b | 44.90 ± 4.17 a | 44.75 ± 0.68 a | — |
2019 | 20.76 ± 1.16 f | 31.44 ± 1.30 e | 39.94 ± 2.50 d | 48.54 ± 1.60 c | 54.39 ± 6.42 b | 61.98 ± 1.10 a | |
2020 | 26.78 ± 0.96 b | — | 28.50 ± 3.42 b | 28.93 ± 1.57 b | 39.48 ± 1.85 a | 40.69 ± 2.94 a | |
2021 | 20.87 ± 0.38 d | 29.15 ± 1.15 c | 32.52 ± 1.89 bc | 35.57 ± 5.80 b | 41.75 ± 4.05 a | 45.25 ± 1.19 a | |
均值Average | 23.77 ± 3.41 d | 31.78 ± 2.82 cd | 34.37 ± 4.95 bcd | 39.49 ± 8.91 abc | 45.09 ± 6.57 ab | 49.31 ± 11.21 a | |
维生素C/ (mg · L-1) Vitamin C | 2018 | 261.44 ± 3.24 a | 227.75 ± 6.93 b | 220.41 ± 13.64 b | 167.11 ± 13.42 c | 162.19 ± 23.18 c | — |
2019 | 257.31 ± 2.92 a | 230.45 ± 0.00 b | 227.29 ± 11.53 b | 167.13 ± 7.05 c | 139.51 ± 9.87 d | 140.50 ± 10.21 d | |
2020 | 222.91 ± 15.15 a | — | 203.56 ± 6.16 a | 201.69 ± 33.71 a | 151.11 ± 16.07 b | 127.93 ± 1.56 b | |
2021 | 214.28 ± 9.51 a | 220.41 ± 17.42 a | 183.29 ± 10.78 b | 171.34 ± 5.00 bc | 169.85 ± 7.87 bc | 155.99 ± 13.91 c | |
均值Average | 238.99 ± 23.87 a | 226.20 ± 5.20 ab | 208.64 ± 19.62 b | 176.82 ± 16.70 c | 155.67 ± 13.24 cd | 141.47 ± 14.06 d | |
化渣性 Pulp crisp property | 2020 | 79.43 ± 2.72 c | — | 86.10 ± 1.94 a | 83.10 ± 1.72 ab | 82.71 ± 1.75 abc | 81.38 ± 81.38 bc |
2021 | 81.19 ± 1.08 b | 85.62 ± 1.53 a | 87.43 ± 0.43 a | 86.38 ± 1.15 a | 83.05 ± 1.66 b | 80.81 ± 1.62 b | |
均值Average | 80.31 ± 2.09 d | 85.62 ± 1.53 a | 86.76 ± 1.45 a | 84.74 ± 2.22 ab | 82.88 ± 1.54 bc | 81.10 ± 1.08 cd | |
果皮 硬度/N Peel firmness | 2020 | 16.93 ± 1.05 a | — | 14.95 ± 0.17 b | 14.60 ± 0.68 bc | 13.74 ± 0.40 cd | 13.32 ± 0.39 d |
2021 | 15.92 ± 0.35 a | 15.65 ± 0.47 a | 15.26 ± 0.47 a | 15.05 ± 0.18 a | 13.08 ± 1.10 b | 12.11 ± 0.60 b | |
均值Average | 16.43 ± 0.90 a | 15.65 ± 0.47 ab | 15.10 ± 0.36 b | 14.82 ± 0.51 b | 13.41 ± 0.82 c | 12.72 ± 0.80 c | |
果肉 硬度/N Pulp hardness | 2018 | 5.24 ± 0.14 ab | 5.83 ± 0.62 a | 5.53 ± 0.30 ab | 5.13 ± 0.21 b | 4.41 ± 0.24 c | — |
2019 | 7.48 ± 0.39 a | 7.66 ± 0.71 a | 7.34 ± 0.28 a | 5.96 ± 0.23 b | 4.11 ± 0.62 c | 3.85 ± 0.16 c | |
2020 | 6.30 ± 0.28 a | — | 5.33 ± 0.28 b | 4.88 ± 0.13 c | 4.27 ± 0.28 d | 3.97 ± 0.13 d | |
2021 | 5.10 ± 0.27 a | 4.54 ± 0.20 ab | 4.52 ± 0.66 ab | 3.98 ± 0.24 bc | 3.94 ± 0.36 bc | 3.49 ± 0.11 c | |
均值Average | 6.03 ± 1.11 a | 6.01 ± 1.57 a | 5.68 ± 1.19 ab | 4.99 ± 0.82 abc | 4.18 ± 0.20 bc | 3.77 ± 0.25 c | |
果皮 厚度/mm Peel thickness | 2018 | 3.02 ± 0.33 a | 3.29 ± 0.31 a | 3.03 ± 0.27 a | 2.78 ± 0.31 ab | 2.48 ± 0.04 b | — |
2019 | 3.17 ± 0.25 b | 3.57 ± 0.18 a | 2.96 ± 0.04 c | 3.53 ± 0.08 a | 2.69 ± 0.14 c | 3.50 ± 0.20 a | |
2020 | 3.99 ± 0.09 b | — | 4.20 ± 0.02 a | 4.25 ± 0.09 a | 3.84 ± 0.07 c | 3.66 ± 0.04 d | |
2021 | 3.16 ± 0.20 a | 3.08 ± 0.10 a | 3.58 ± 1.00 a | 2.86 ± 0.12 a | 2.82 ± 0.09 a | 2.95 ± 0.07 a | |
均值Average | 3.34 ± 0.44 a | 3.31 ± 0.25 a | 3.45 ± 0.58 a | 3.36 ± 0.68 a | 2.96 ± 0.60 a | 3.37 ± 0.38 a | |
可食率/% Edible rate | 2018 | 67.55 ± 1.03 b | 70.89 ± 2.76 ab | 68.79 ± 2.13 b | 73.02 ± 1.32 a | 74.30 ± 1.20 a | — |
2019 | 71.06 ± 0.09 ab | 70.27 ± 1.23 ab | 71.98 ± 1.17 a | 71.83 ± 1.11 a | 71.42 ± 2.19 a | 69.03 ± 0.61 b | |
2020 | 71.53 ± 0.31 a | — | 70.02 ± 0.61 ab | 67.84 ± 0.68 c | 71.61 ± 1.67 a | 68.75 ± 0.79 bc | |
2021 | 68.69 ± 2.13 b | 70.71 ± 0.82 ab | 69.90 ± 2.61 b | 73.03 ± 0.29 a | 71.18 ± 0.63 ab | 71.53 ± 0.94 ab | |
均值Average | 69.71 ± 1.90 a | 70.63 ± 0.32 a | 70.17 ± 1.33 a | 71.43 ± 2.46 a | 72.13 ± 1.46 a | 69.77 ± 1.53 a | |
出汁率/% Juice rate | 2018 | 48.68 ± 3.05 a | 47.16 ± 6.19 a | 50.47 ± 2.05 a | 53.92 ± 2.60 a | 51.99 ± 1.69 a | — |
2019 | 54.73 ± 0.44 a | 53.93 ± 6.35 a | 54.90 ± 0.93 a | 57.57 ± 0.75 a | 53.45 ± 3.15 a | 52.79 ± 0.98 a | |
2020 | 46.16 ± 2.41 b | — | 55.71 ± 2.09 a | 48.39 ± 3.59 b | 48.31 ± 2.43 b | 49.85 ± 2.67 b | |
2021 | 48.85 ± 2.84 ab | 47.80 ± 4.13 ab | 46.29 ± 5.13 b | 50.58 ± 1.15 ab | 52.42 ± 0.95 a | 51.08 ± 0.50 ab | |
均值Average | 49.61 ± 3.63 a | 49.63 ± 3.74 a | 51.85 ± 4.36 a | 52.62 ± 4.01 a | 51.54 ± 2.24 a | 51.24 ± 1.48 a | |
种子数 | 2018 | 15.40 ± 0.92 a | 16.23 ± 1.33 a | 11.43 ± 0.91 b | 9.40 ± 0.62 c | 9.37 ± 0.57 c | — |
Seed number | 2019 | 10.87 ± 1.31 b | 12.70 ± 1.56 ab | 14.43 ± 1.07 a | 12.40 ± 1.93 ab | 13.97 ± 0.81 a | 10.23 ± 1.15 b |
2020 | 15.53 ± 1.63 ab | — | 10.29 ± 4.27 b | 10.17 ± 1.94 b | 13.08 ± 3.50 ab | 16.38 ± 1.38 a | |
2021 | 20.63 ± 1.35 a | 20.17 ± 2.55 a | 17.75 ± 5.22 a | 21.46 ± 2.23 a | 20.73 ± 0.90 a | 19.38 ± 0.74 a | |
均值Average | 15.61 ± 3.99 a | 16.37 ± 3.74 a | 13.48 ± 3.34 a | 13.36 ± 5.55 a | 14.29 ± 4.73 a | 15.33 ± 4.06 a |
处理 Treatment | 2020 | 2021 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
产量/kg Yield | 挂果数 Number of hanging fruit | 产量/kg Yield | 挂果数 Number of hanging fruit | |
对照Control | 21.14 ± 1.17 | 246.00 ± 17.98 | 22.06 ± 1.52 | 247.50 ± 10.89 |
留树Fruit on-tree | 20.29 ± 0.70 | 236.50 ± 7.34 | 20.03 ± 1.66 | 234.67 ± 17.33 |
Table 2 Yield and fruit number per plant of Orah mandarin trees treated by fruit on-tree storage in the following year
处理 Treatment | 2020 | 2021 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
产量/kg Yield | 挂果数 Number of hanging fruit | 产量/kg Yield | 挂果数 Number of hanging fruit | |
对照Control | 21.14 ± 1.17 | 246.00 ± 17.98 | 22.06 ± 1.52 | 247.50 ± 10.89 |
留树Fruit on-tree | 20.29 ± 0.70 | 236.50 ± 7.34 | 20.03 ± 1.66 | 234.67 ± 17.33 |
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