Advances in Research of DNA Methylation Regulation During Fruit Ripening

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-1130

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (1): 197-208.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-1130

• Reviews • Previous Articles Next Articles

Advances in Research of DNA Methylation Regulation During Fruit Ripening

SHAO Fengqing¹, LUO Xiurong¹, WANG Qi¹, ZHANG Xianzhi², WANG Wencai¹^,^*()

¹Science and Technology Innovation Center，Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine，Institute of Clinical Pharmacology，Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine，Guangzhou 510405，China
²College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture，Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering，Guangzhou 510225，China

Received:2022-06-10 Revised:2022-09-28 Online:2023-01-25 Published:2023-01-18
Contact: *（E-mail：wencaiwang@gzucm.edu.cn）

Abstract

Abstract:

DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification，playing critical roles during fruit ripening. Here we reviewed the changes and mechanism of DNA methylation during fruit ripening in different fruits. Based on previous studies，it was found that the total DNA methylation level in most fruits decreases during the ripening process while the overall DNA methylation increases in a few other fruits. In addition，specific genes，especially those related to ripening，undergo demethylation under the regulation of demethylase，which further affects fruit ripening. In general，the mechanism that causes DNA methylation alternations during fruit ripening is comprehensively regulated by methylase，demethylase and plant specific RdDM pathway. This work provides important theoretical reference for the epigenetic regulation mechanism of fruit ripening，and feasible suggestions are proposed for future work.

Key words: fruit, ripening, DNA methylation, epigenetic regulation

CLC Number:

S6
Q945.65

SHAO Fengqing, LUO Xiurong, WANG Qi, ZHANG Xianzhi, WANG Wencai. Advances in Research of DNA Methylation Regulation During Fruit Ripening[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(1): 197-208.

Figures/Tables 3

References 68

[1]	Balibrea P S, Moreno D A, Viguera G C. 2008. Influence of light on health-promoting phytochemicals of broccoli sprouts. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 88 (5):904-910. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.3169 URL
[2]	Böhmdorfer G, Sethuraman S, Rowley M J, Krzyszton M, Rothi M H, Bouzit L, Wierzbicki A T. 2016. Long non-coding RNA produced by RNA polymerase V determines boundaries of heterochromatin. eLife, 5:1-24.
[3]	Cao X, Jacobsen S E. 2002. Role of the Arabidopsis DRM methyltransferases in de novo DNA methylation and gene silencing. Current Biology, 12:1138:1144. doi: 10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00925-9 URL
[4]	Chan S W, Henderson I R, Jacobsen S E. 2005. Gardening the genome:DNA methylation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature Reviews Genetics, 6 (5):351-360. doi: 10.1038/nrg1601 URL
[5]	Chen T, Qin G, Tian S. 2020. Regulatory network of fruit ripening:current understanding and future challenges. New Phytologist, 228:1219-1226. doi: 10.1111/nph.16822 URL
[6]	Chen Zhiyou. 2014. Study on DNA methylation patterns of early and late satsuma with MSAP analysis[M. D. Dissertation]. Chongqing: Southwest University. (in Chinese)
	陈志友. 2014. 早晚熟温州蜜柑的MSAP分析[硕士论文]. 重庆: 西南大学.
[7]	Cheng J F, Niu Q F, Zhang B, Chen K S, Yang R H, Zhu J K, Zhang Y J, Lang Z B. 2018. Downregulation of RdDM during strawberry fruit ripening. Genome Biology, 19:212. doi: 10.1186/s13059-018-1587-x pmid: 30514401
[8]	Deng W, Yang Y W, Ren Z X, Audran-Delalande C, Mila I, Wang X Y, Song H L, Hu Y H, Bouzayen M, Li Z G. 2012. The tomato Sl IAA 15 is involved in trichome formation and axillary shoot development. New Phytologist, 194 (2):379-390. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04053.x pmid: 22409484
[9]	Duan C G, Zhu J K, Cao X. 2018. Retrospective and perspective of plant epigenetics in China. Journal of Genetics and Genomics, 45 (11):621-638. doi: 10.1016/j.jgg.2018.09.004 URL
[10]	Egger G, Liang G N, Jones P A. 2004. Epigenetics in human disease and prospects for epigenetic therapy. Nature, 429:457-463. doi: 10.1038/nature02625 URL
[11]	El-Sharkawy I, Liang D, Xu K. 2015. Transcriptome analysis of an apple(Malus × domestica)yellow fruit somatic mutation identifies a gene network module highly associated with anthocyanin and epigenetic regulation. Journal of Experimental Botany, 66:7359-7376. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erv433 pmid: 26417021
[12]	Eriksson E M, Bovy A, Manning K, Harrison L, Andrews J, de Silva J, Tucker G A, Seymour G B. 2004. Effect of the colorless non-ripening mutation on cell wall biochemistry and gene expression during tomato fruit development and ripening. Plant Physiology, 136:4184-4197. doi: 10.1104/pp.104.045765 pmid: 15563627
[13]	Fang Lijing. 2020. DNA methylation and transcriptome analysis of mulberry fruits at different development stages and functional study of bZIP 60 gene[M. D. Dissertation]. Tai’an: Shandong Agricultural University. (in Chinese)
	方立静. 2020. 桑椹不同发育时期DNA甲基化和转录组联合分析及bZIP60基因的功能研究[硕士论文]. 泰安: 山东农业大学.
[14]	Fan Zhongqi, Kuang Jianfei, Lu Wangjin, Chen Jianye. 2015. Advances in research of the mechanism of transcription factors involving in regulating fruit ripening and senescence. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 42 (9):1649-1663.
	范中奇, 邝健飞, 陆旺金, 陈建业. 2015. 转录因子调控果实成熟和衰老机制研究进展. 园艺学报, 42 (9):1649-1663.
[15]	Feng S, Jacobsen S E, Reik W. 2010. Epigenetic reprogramming in plant and animal development. Science, 330:622-627. doi: 10.1126/science.1190614 pmid: 21030646
[16]	Gapper N E, McQuinn R P, Giovannoni J J. 2013. Molecular and genetic regulation of fruit ripening. Plant Molecular Biology, 82:575-591. doi: 10.1007/s11103-013-0050-3 pmid: 23585213
[17]	Giovannoni J, Nguyen C, Ampofo B, Zhong S, Fei Z. 2017. The epigenome and transcriptional dynamics of fruit ripening. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 68:20.1-20.24. doi: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042916-040829 URL
[18]	Gong Z, Morales-Ruiz T, Ariza R R, Roldan-Arjona T, David L, Zhu J K. 2002. ROS1,a repressor of transcriptional gene silencing in Arabidopsis,encodes a DNA glycosylase/lyase. Cell, 111:803-814. doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674(02)01133-9 URL
[19]	Hadfield K A, Dandekar A M, Romani R J. 1993. Demethylation of ripening specific genes in tomato fruit. Plant Science, 92:13-18. doi: 10.1016/0168-9452(93)90061-4 URL
[20]	He G, Elling A A, Deng X W. 2011a. The epigenome and plant development. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 62:411-435. doi: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042110-103806 URL
[21]	He X J, Chen T, Zhu J K. 2011b. Regulation and function of DNA methylation in plants and animals. Cell Research, 21:442-465. doi: 10.1038/cr.2011.23 URL
[22]	He X J, Ma Z Y, Liu Z W. 2014. Non-coding RNA transcription and RNA-directed DNA methylation in Arabidopsis. Molecular Plant, 7 (9):1406-1414. doi: 10.1093/mp/ssu075 URL
[23]	He Yanxia, Wang Zicheng. 2009. Variation of DNA methylation in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings after the cryopreservation. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 44 (3):317-322. (in Chinese)
	何艳霞, 王子成. 2009. 拟南芥幼苗超低温保存后DNA甲基化的遗传变异. 植物学报, 44 (3):317-322.
[24]	Huang H, Liu R, Niu Q F. 2019. Global increase in DNA methylation during orange fruit development and ripening. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 16 (4):1430-1436.
[25]	Huang X M, Huang H B, Gao F F. 2000. The growth potential generated in citrus fruit under water stress and its relevant mechanisms. Scientia Horticulture, 83 (3-4):227-240. doi: 10.1016/S0304-4238(99)00083-7 URL
[26]	Klee H J, Giovannoni J J. 2011. Genetics and control of tomato fruit ripening and quality attributes. Annual Review of Genetics, 45:41-59. doi: 10.1146/annurev-genet-110410-132507 pmid: 22060040
[27]	Kopsell D A, Kopsell D A. 2008. Genetic and environmental factors affecting plant lutein/zeaxanthin. Agro Food Industry Hi-Tech, 19 (2):44-46.
[28]	Lang Z B, Wang Y H, Tang Kai, Tang D G, Datsenka T, Cheng J F, Zhang Y J, Handa A K, Zhu J K. 2017. Critical roles of DNA demethylation in the activation of ripening-induced genes and inhibition of ripening-repressed genes in tomato fruit. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 114:E4511-E4519.
[29]	Law J A, Jacobsen S E. 2010. Establishing,maintaining and modifying DNA methylation patterns in plants and animals. Nature Reviews Genetics, 11 (3):204-220. doi: 10.1038/nrg2719 URL
[30]	Li Ning, Patiguli Aisimutuola, Yang Shengbao, Wang Baike, Tang Yaping, Yang Tao, Yu Qinghui. 2018. MSAP analysis of DNA methylation in different Capsicum annuum L. varieties during fruit development. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 55 (9):1601-1607. (in Chinese) doi: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.09.004
	李宁, 帕提古丽·艾斯木托拉, 杨生保, 王柏柯, 唐亚萍, 杨涛, 余庆辉. 2018. 不同辣椒品种果实发育过程中DNA甲基化的MSAP分析. 新疆农业科学, 55 (9):1601-1607. doi: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.09.004
[31]	Li Qiong. 2019. Effects of 5-aza C on the developing profiles of‘Kyoho’grape berry[M. D. Dissertation]. Luoyang: Henan University of Science and Technology. (in Chinese)
	李琼. 2019. 5-azaC对‘巨峰’葡萄果实发育的影响[硕士论文]. 洛阳: 河南科技大学.
[32]	Li Tingchun, Yang Huaying, Zhang Wei, Zhou Yingbing, Chen Hongjian. 2014. MSAP analysis of DNA methylation variations during coloring process for purple corn seed. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 28 (11):1978-1984. (in Chinese)
	李廷春, 杨华应, 张玮, 周应兵, 陈洪俭. 2014. 紫玉米籽粒呈色过程中DNA甲基化变化的 MSAP分析. 核农学报, 28 (11):1978-1984. doi: 10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.11.1978
[33]	Lindroth A M, Cao X F, Jackson J P, Zilberman D, McCallum C M, Henikoff S, Jacobsen S E. 2001. Requirement of CHROMOMETHYLASE3 for maintenance of CpXpG methylation. Science, 292:2077-2080. doi: 10.1126/science.1059745 pmid: 11349138
[34]	Liu R, How-Kit A, Stammitti L, Teyssier E, Rolin D, Mortain-Bertrand A, Halle S, Liu M C, Kong J H, Wu C Q, Degraeve-Guibault C, Chapman N H, Maucourt M, Hodgman T C, Jörg T, Bouzayen M, Hong Y G, Seymour G B, Giovannoni J J, Gallusci P. 2015. A DEMETER-like DNA demethylase governs tomato fruit ripening. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112:10804-10809.
[35]	Lü P T, Yu S, Zhu N, Chen Y R, Zhou B Y, Pan Y, Tzeng D, Fabi J P, Argyris J, Garcia-Mas J, Ye N H, Zhang J H, Donald G, Xiang J, Fei Z J, Giovannoni J, Zhong S L. 2018. Genome encode analyses reveal the basis of convergent evolution of fleshy fruit ripening. Nature Plant, 4 (10):784-791. doi: 10.1038/s41477-018-0249-z URL
[36]	Manning K, Tor M, Poole M, Hong Y, Thompson A J, King G J, Giovannoni J J, Seymour G B. 2006 A naturally occurring epigenetic mutation in a gene encoding an SBP-box transcription factor inhibits tomato fruit ripening. Nature Genetics, 38:948-952. doi: 10.1038/ng1841 pmid: 16832354
[37]	Matzke M A, Mosher R A. 2014. RNA-directed DNA methylation:an epigenetic pathway of increasing complexity. Nature Reviews Genetics, 15:394-408. doi: 10.1038/nrg3683 URL
[38]	Messeguer R, Ganal M W, Steffens J C, Tanksley S D. 1991. Characterization of the level,target sites and inheritance of cytosine methylation in tomato nuclear DNA. Plant Molecular Biology, 16:753-770. pmid: 1859863
[39]	Meyer P, Niedenhof I, ten Lohuis M. 1994. Evidence for cytosine methylation of non-symmetrical sequences in transgenic Petunia hybrida. EMBO Journal, 13:2084-2088. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06483.x pmid: 8187761
[40]	Nie Wenfeng, Wang Jinyu, Gao Chunjuan, Chen Xuehao. 2022. A review on epigenetic modifications in regulating fruit development of horticultural crops. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 49 (3):671-686. (in Chinese)
	聂文锋, 王金玉, 高春娟, 陈学好. 2022. 表观遗传修饰调控园艺植物果实发育研究进展. 园艺学报, 49 (3):671-686.
[41]	Qi Xingjiang, Zheng Xiliang, Li Xiaobai, Zhang Shuwen, Ren Haiying, Yu Zheping. 2021. Influence of different light quality formed by colored rainproof-films on bayberry fruit quality during ripening. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 48 (9):1794-1804. (in Chinese)
	戚行江, 郑锡良, 李小白, 张淑文, 任海英, 俞浙萍. 2021. 避雨膜光质对杨梅果实成熟过程和品质的影响. 园艺学报, 48 (9):1794-1804.
[42]	Quadrana L, Almeida J, Asís R, Duffy T, Dominguez P G, Bermúdez L, Conti G, Junia V Silva Corrêa da, Peralta I E, Colot E, Asurmendi S, Fernie A R. 2014. Natural occurring epialleles determine vitamin E accumulation in tomato fruits. Nature Communication, 5:4027. doi: 10.1038/ncomms5027 URL
[43]	Saze H, Tsugane K, Kanno T, Nishimura T. 2012. DNA methylation in plants:relationship to small RNAs and histone modifications,and functions in transposon inactivation. Plant Cell Physiology, 53 (5):766-784. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcs008 URL
[44]	Seymour G B, Ostergaard L, Chapman N H, Knapp S, Martin C. 2013. Fruit development and ripening. Annual Review Plant Biology, 64:219-241. doi: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050312-120057 URL
[45]	Shao F, Liu X, Zhang X, Wang Q, Wang W. 2021. Methylation of 45S ribosomal DNA(rDNA)is associated with cancer and aging in humans. International Journal of Genomics, https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8818007.
[46]	Smaczniak C, Immik R G, Angenent G C, Kaufmann K. 2012. Development and evolutionary diversity of plant MADs domain factors:insights from recent studies. Development, 139:3081-3098. doi: 10.1242/dev.074674 pmid: 22872082
[47]	Stroud H, Do T, Du J M, Zhong X H, Feng S H, Johnson L, Patel D J, Jacobsen S E. 2014. Non-CG methylation patterns shape the epigenetic landscape in Arabidopsis. Nature Structural and Molecular Biology, 21 (1):64-72. doi: 10.1038/nsmb.2735 pmid: 24336224
[48]	Tang D, Gallusci P, Lang Z B. 2020. Fruit development and epigenetic modifications. New Phytologist, 228:839-844. doi: 10.1111/nph.16724 URL
[49]	Telias A, Wang K L, Stevenson D E, Cooney J M, Hellens R P, Allan A C, Hoover E E, Bradeen J M. 2011. Apple skin patterning is associated with differential expression of MYB10. BMC Plant Biology, 93 (11):1-14.
[50]	Teyssier E, Bernacchia G, Maury S, How K A, Stammitti-Bert L, Rolin D, Gallusci P. 2008. Tissue dependent variations of DNA methylation and endoreduplication levels during tomato fruit development and ripening. Planta, 228:391-399. doi: 10.1007/s00425-008-0743-z pmid: 18488247
[51]	Thompson A J, Tor M, Barry C S, Vrebalov J, Orfila C, Jarvis M C, Giovannoni J J, Grierson D, Seymour G B. 1999. Molecular and genetic characterization of a novel pleiotropic tomato-ripening mutant. Plant Physiology, 120:383-390. doi: 10.1104/pp.120.2.383 pmid: 10364389
[52]	Tian Shiping. 2013. Molecular mechanisms of fruit ripening and senescence. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 48 (5):481-488. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1259.2013.00481 URL
	田世平. 2013. 果实成熟和衰老的分子调控机制. 植物学报, 48 (5):481-488. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1259.2013.00481
[53]	Tompa R, McCallum C M, Delrow J, Henikoff J G, Steensel B V, Henikoff S. 2002. Genome-wide profiling of DNA methylation reveals transposon targets of CHROMOMETHYLASE3. Current Biology, 12:65-68. pmid: 11790305
[54]	Tör M, Manning K, King G J, Thompson A J, Jones G H, Seymour G B, Armstrong S J. 2002. Genetic analysis and FISH mapping of the colourless non-ripening locus of tomato. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 104:165-170. pmid: 12582682
[55]	Wang H, Jones B, Li Z G, Frasse P, Delalande C, Regad F, Chaabouni S, Latche A, Pech J C, Bouzayen M. 2005. The tomato Aux/IAA transcription factor IAA 9 is involved in fruit development and leaf morphogenesis. The Plant Cell, 17 (10):2676-2692. doi: 10.1105/tpc.105.033415 URL
[56]	Xu Jidi. 2015. Genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation and its regulation in citrus[Ph. D. Dissertation]. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University. (in Chinese)
	徐记迪. 2015. 柑橘全基因组DNA甲基化分析及调控作用研究[博士论文]. 武汉: 华中农业大学.
[57]	Xu Xiaodi, Li Boqiang, Qin Guozheng, Chen Tong, Zhang Zhanquan, Tian Shiping. 2020. Molecular basis and regulation strategies for quality maintenance of postharvest fruit. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 47 (8):1595-1609. (in Chinese)
	徐小迪, 李博强, 秦国政, 陈彤, 张占全, 田世平. 2020. 果实采后品质维持的分子基础与调控技术研究进展. 园艺学报, 47 (8):1595-1609.
[58]	Yang Linlin, Huang Yuntong, Fu Zeyuan, Xu Qijiang. 2022. Research progress on the epigenetic mechanisms of sex determination in horticultural plants. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 49 (7):1602-1610. (in Chinese)
	杨琳琳, 黄云彤, 付泽元, 徐启江. 2022. 园艺植物性别决定的表观遗传机制研究进展. 园艺学报, 49 (7):1602-1610.
[59]	Zemach A, Kim M Y, Silva P, Rodrigues J A, Dotson B, Brooks M D., Zilberman D. 2010. Local DNA hypomethylation activates genes in rice endosperm. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107 (43):18729-18734.
[60]	Zhang C M, Hao Y J. 2020. Advances in genomic,transcriptomic,and metabolomic analyses of fruit quality in fruit crops. Horticultural Plant Journal, 6 (6):361-371. doi: 10.1016/j.hpj.2020.11.001 URL
[61]	Zhang H M, Lang Z B, Zhu J K. 2018. Dynamics and function of DNA methylation in plants. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 19 (8):489-506. doi: 10.1038/s41580-018-0016-z pmid: 29784956
[62]	Zhang X, Yazaki J, Sundaresan A, Cokus S, Chan Simon W L, Chen H M, Henderson I R, Shinn P, Pellegrini M, Jacobsen S E, Joseph R E. 2006. Genome-wide high-resolution mapping and functional analysis of DNA methylation in Arabidopsis. Cell, 126:1189-1201. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2006.08.003 URL
[63]	Zhao Yuqing, Chen Tao, Yuan Ming. 2021. Application of melatonin in fruit development and postharvest preservation. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 48 (6):1233-1249. (in Chinese)
	赵雨晴, 陈涛, 袁明. 2021. 褪黑素在果实发育和采后保鲜中的应用. 园艺学报, 48 (6):1233-1249.
[64]	Zhong S L, Fei Z J, Chen Y R, Zheng Y, Huang M Y, Vrebalov J, McQuinn R, Gapper N, Liu B, Xiang J, Shao Y, Giovannoni J J. 2013. Single-base resolution methylomes of tomato fruit development reveal epigenome modifications associated with ripening. Nature Biotechnology, 31:154-159. doi: 10.1038/nbt.2462 pmid: 23354102
[65]	Zhou Chenping, Yang Min, Guo Jinju, Kuang Ruibin, Yang Hu, Huang Bingxiong, Wei Yuerong. 2022. Dynamic changes in DNA methylome and transcriptome patterns during papaya fruit ripening. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 49 (3):519-532. (in Chinese)
	周陈平, 杨敏, 郭金菊, 邝瑞彬, 杨护, 黄炳雄, 魏岳荣. 2022. 番木瓜成熟过程中全基因组DNA甲基化和转录组变化分析. 园艺学报, 49 (3):519-532.
[66]	Zhu Wentao, Zhou Houcheng, Wang Zicheng. 2013. Cryopreservation of Fragaria pentapylla and analysis of genetic stability. Journal of Fruit Science, 30 (1):55-61. (in Chinese)
	朱文涛, 周厚成, 王子成. 2013. 五叶草莓超低温保存及遗传稳定性分析. 果树学报, 30 (1):55-61.
[67]	Zubko E, Gentry M, Kunova A, Meyer P. 2012. De novo DNA methylation activity of METHYLTRANSFERASE 1(MET1) partially restores body methylation in Arabidopsis thaliana. The Plant Journal, 71 (6):1029-1037. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2012.05051.x URL
[68]	Zuo J, Grierson D, Courtney L T. Wang Y, Gao L, Zhao X, Zhu B, Luo Y, Qang Q, Giovannoni J J. 2020. Relationships between genome methylation,levels of non-coding RNAs,mRNAs and metabolites in ripening tomato fruit. The Plant Journal, 103:980-994. doi: 10.1111/tpj.14778 URL

类别 Category	名称 Name	代表成员 Representative	主要功能 Major function	参考文献 Reference
DNA甲基化酶 DNA methylase	甲基转移酶 Methyl-transferase，MET	MET1	主要催化并维持对称位点CG胞嘧啶的甲基化 MET1 mainly catalyzes and maintains the methylation of CG cytosine at symmetric sites	Zubko et al.，2012
	染色质甲基化酶 Chromomethylase，CMT	CMT3/2	CMT3主要对着丝粒附近重复区和转座子序列的CHG进行甲基化修饰 CMT3 mainly methylates CHGS in repeat regions near centromeres and transposon sequences	Lindroth et al.，2001;Tompa et al.，2002
	染色质甲基化酶 Chromomethylase，CMT	CMT3/2	CMT2催化非对称位点CHH的从头甲基化 CMT2 catalyzes de novo methylation of CHH at asymmetric sites	Stroud et al.，2014
	结构域重排甲基转移酶 Domains rearranged methylase，DRM	DRM1/2	DRM1和DRM2催化非对称位点CHH的从头甲基化 DRM1 and DRM2 catalyze de novo methylation of CHH at asymmetric sites	Cao & Jacobsen，2002;B?hmdorfer et al.，2016
DNA去甲基化酶 DNA demethylase	DNA糖苷酶-裂解酶（DEMETER-like DNA去甲基化酶） DNA Glycosylase-lyases（DEMETER-like DNA demethylases，DMLs）	ROS1（Repressor of silencing 1）	识别并去除双链DNA寡核苷酸中的甲基化胞嘧啶 ROS1 recognizes and removes cytosines methylation in double-stranded DNA oligonucleotides	Gong et al.，2002
		DML1/2/3/4	番茄中的DNA去甲基化酶具有DNA糖苷化酶/裂解酶的功能区 DMLs in tomatoes has a functional region for DNA glycosidase/lyase	Liu et al.，2015
		SlDML1/2/3/4	番茄SlDML1和SlDML2是拟南芥ROS1（AtROS1）的同源基因，SlDML3是拟南芥AtDME（DEMETER）的同源基因，SlDML2能促进番茄成熟 SlDML1 and SlDML2，SlDML3 in tomato are homologous genes of ROS1（AtROS1）and AtDME（DEMETER）in Arabidopsis Thaliana respectively；SlDML2 promotes tomato ripening	Liu et al.，2015

类别 Category	名称 Name	代表成员 Representative	主要功能 Major function	参考文献 Reference
DNA甲基化酶 DNA methylase	甲基转移酶 Methyl-transferase，MET	MET1	主要催化并维持对称位点CG胞嘧啶的甲基化 MET1 mainly catalyzes and maintains the methylation of CG cytosine at symmetric sites	Zubko et al.，2012
	染色质甲基化酶 Chromomethylase，CMT	CMT3/2	CMT3主要对着丝粒附近重复区和转座子序列的CHG进行甲基化修饰 CMT3 mainly methylates CHGS in repeat regions near centromeres and transposon sequences	Lindroth et al.，2001;Tompa et al.，2002
	染色质甲基化酶 Chromomethylase，CMT	CMT3/2	CMT2催化非对称位点CHH的从头甲基化 CMT2 catalyzes de novo methylation of CHH at asymmetric sites	Stroud et al.，2014
	结构域重排甲基转移酶 Domains rearranged methylase，DRM	DRM1/2	DRM1和DRM2催化非对称位点CHH的从头甲基化 DRM1 and DRM2 catalyze de novo methylation of CHH at asymmetric sites	Cao & Jacobsen，2002;B?hmdorfer et al.，2016
DNA去甲基化酶 DNA demethylase	DNA糖苷酶-裂解酶（DEMETER-like DNA去甲基化酶） DNA Glycosylase-lyases（DEMETER-like DNA demethylases，DMLs）	ROS1（Repressor of silencing 1）	识别并去除双链DNA寡核苷酸中的甲基化胞嘧啶 ROS1 recognizes and removes cytosines methylation in double-stranded DNA oligonucleotides	Gong et al.，2002
		DML1/2/3/4	番茄中的DNA去甲基化酶具有DNA糖苷化酶/裂解酶的功能区 DMLs in tomatoes has a functional region for DNA glycosidase/lyase	Liu et al.，2015
		SlDML1/2/3/4	番茄SlDML1和SlDML2是拟南芥ROS1（AtROS1）的同源基因，SlDML3是拟南芥AtDME（DEMETER）的同源基因，SlDML2能促进番茄成熟 SlDML1 and SlDML2，SlDML3 in tomato are homologous genes of ROS1（AtROS1）and AtDME（DEMETER）in Arabidopsis Thaliana respectively；SlDML2 promotes tomato ripening	Liu et al.，2015

DNA甲基化变化 DNA demethylation changes	物种 Species	机制 Mechanism	参考文献 Reference
去甲基化 Demethylation	番茄 Tomato	SlDML2去甲基化酶介导DNA去甲基化 DNA demethylation mediated by SlDML2 demethylase	Teyssier et al.，2008;Zhong et al.，2013; Liu et al.，2015;Lang et al.，2017
	桑葚 Mulberry	/	方立静，2020
	‘巨峰’葡萄 ‘Kyoho’grape berry	/	李琼，2019
	辣椒 Pepper	/	李宁等，2018
	水稻、拟南芥 Rice，Arabidopsis	/	Zemach et al.，2010;Law & Jacobsen，2010;Feng et al.，2010
	草莓 Strawberry	RdDM下调介导的DNA去甲基化 DNA demethylation mediated by RdDM downregulation	Cheng et al.，2018
	苹果 Apple	/	Telias et al.，2011;El-Sharkawy et al.，2015
	温州蜜柑 Satsuma	/	陈志友，2014
	番木瓜 Papaya fruit		周陈平等，2022
甲基化升高 Increasing methylation	紫玉米 Purple corn	/	李廷春等，2014
	柑橘 Citrus	/	徐记迪，2015
	甜橙 Orange	DNA去甲基化酶表达下降 Decreased expression of DNA demethylase	Huang et al.，2019

DNA甲基化变化 DNA demethylation changes	物种 Species	机制 Mechanism	参考文献 Reference
去甲基化 Demethylation	番茄 Tomato	SlDML2去甲基化酶介导DNA去甲基化 DNA demethylation mediated by SlDML2 demethylase	Teyssier et al.，2008;Zhong et al.，2013; Liu et al.，2015;Lang et al.，2017
	桑葚 Mulberry	/	方立静，2020
	‘巨峰’葡萄 ‘Kyoho’grape berry	/	李琼，2019
	辣椒 Pepper	/	李宁等，2018
	水稻、拟南芥 Rice，Arabidopsis	/	Zemach et al.，2010;Law & Jacobsen，2010;Feng et al.，2010
	草莓 Strawberry	RdDM下调介导的DNA去甲基化 DNA demethylation mediated by RdDM downregulation	Cheng et al.，2018
	苹果 Apple	/	Telias et al.，2011;El-Sharkawy et al.，2015
	温州蜜柑 Satsuma	/	陈志友，2014
	番木瓜 Papaya fruit		周陈平等，2022
甲基化升高 Increasing methylation	紫玉米 Purple corn	/	李廷春等，2014
	柑橘 Citrus	/	徐记迪，2015
	甜橙 Orange	DNA去甲基化酶表达下降 Decreased expression of DNA demethylase	Huang et al.，2019

Advances in Research of DNA Methylation Regulation During Fruit Ripening

RichHTML

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 3

References 68

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	YANG Zhi, ZHANG Chuanjiang, YANG Xinfang, DONG Mengyi, WANG Zhenlei, YAN Fenfen, WU Cuiyun, WANG Jiurui, LIU Mengjun, LIN Minjuan. Analysis of Fruit Genetic Tendency and Mixed Inheritance in Hybrid Progeny of Jujube and Wild Jujube [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(1): 36-52.
[2]	YUAN Xin, XU Yunhe, ZHANG Yupei, SHAN Nan, CHEN Chuying, WAN Chunpeng, KAI Wenbin, ZHAI Xiawan, CHEN Jinyin, GAN Zengyu. Studies on AcAREB1 Regulating the Expression of AcGH3.1 During Postharvest Ripening of Kiwifruit [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(1): 53-64.
[3]	HAN Xiaolei, ZHANG Caixia, LIU Kai, YANG An, YAN Jiadi, LI Wuxing, KANG Liqun, and CONG Peihua. A New Mid-ripening Apple Cultivar‘Zhongping Youlei’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(S2): 1-2.
[4]	OU Chunqing, JIANG Shuling, WANG Fei, MA Li, ZHANG Yanjie, and LIU Zhenjie. A New Early-ripening Pear Cultivar‘Xingli Mishui’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(S2): 7-8.
[5]	YANG Xingwang, LIU Fengzhi, WANG Haibo, WANG Yingying, WANG Zhiqiang, SHI Xiangbin, JI Xiaohao, LIU Wanchun, and WANG Xiaodi. A New Mid-ripening Cold Resistant Peach Cultivar‘Zhongnong Hanshuimi’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(S2): 19-20.
[6]	YANG Xingwang, LIU Fengzhi, WANG Haibo, WANG Yingying, ZHANG Yican, LI Peng, WANG Xiaolong, LIU Wanchun, and WANG Xiaodi. A New Late-ripening Cold Resistant Peach Cultivar‘Zhongnong Qiuxiang’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(S2): 21-22.
[7]	WANG Yingying, LIU Lichang, LIU Zhiwu, YANG Xingwang, LIU Wanchun, and WANG Xiaodi, . A New Extremely Late-ripening Peach Cultivar‘Zhongnong Dongmi’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(S2): 23-24.
[8]	WANG Yingying, LIU Lichang, LIU Zhiwu, YANG Xingwang, LIU Wanchun, and WANG Xiaodi, . A New Little Nectarine Cultivar‘Zhongnong Zhenzhu’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(S2): 25-26.
[9]	YUAN Kejun, NIU Qinglin, QIN Zhihua, and WANG Peijiu. A New Early-ripening Apricot Cultivar‘Yinghua’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(S2): 27-28.
[10]	WANG Baoliang, LIU Fengzhi, JI Xiaohao, WANG Xiaodi, SHI Xiangbin, ZHANG Yican, LI Peng, and WANG Haibo. A New Early Ripening Grape Cultivar‘Huapu Zaoyu’for Table [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(S2): 33-34.
[11]	WANG Baoliang, WANG Haibo, JI Xiaohao, WANG Xiaodi, SHI Xiangbin, WANG Zhiqiang, WANG Xiaolong, and LIU Fengzhi. A New Middle Ripening Grape Cultivar‘Huapu Huangyu’for Table [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(S2): 35-36.
[12]	SHI Xiaoxin, DU Guoqiang, YANG Lili, QIAO Yuelian, HUANG Chengli, WANG Suyue, ZHAO Yuexin, WEI Xiaohui, WANG Li, and QI Xiangli. A Late-ripening Seedless Grape Cultivar‘Hongfeng Wuhe’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(S2): 39-40.
[13]	SONG Fang, CHEN Qi, YUAN Yanliang, CHEN Sha, YIN Haijun, and JIANG Yingchun, . A New Yellow-fleshed Kiwifruit Cultivar‘Xianwo 1’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(S2): 47-48.
[14]	QI Yongjie, GAO Zhenghui, MA Na, WANG Qingming, KE Fanjun, CHEN Qian, and XU Yiliu, . A New Yellow Flesh and Resistant to Canker Disease Kiwifruit Cultivar ‘Wannong Jinguo’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(S2): 49-50.
[15]	ZHANG Huiqin, LOU Guorong, LU Linghong, GU Xianbin, SONG Genhua, and XIE Ming. A New Yellow-fleshed Kiwifruit Cultivar‘Jinyi’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(S2): 51-52.