Effects of Soybean Straw，Cottonseed Meal and Other Cultivation Substrates on Growth and Quality of Flammulina filiformis

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0906

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (1): 91-102.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0906

• Research Papers • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of Soybean Straw，Cottonseed Meal and Other Cultivation Substrates on Growth and Quality of Flammulina filiformis

SUN Ruixiang¹^,², YANG Shude², YANG Peng¹, HAN Jiandong¹^,^*(), GONG Zhiyuan¹^,^*()

¹Key Laboratory of Wastes Matrix Utilization，Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment，Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Ji’nan 250100，China
²Agriculture College，Ludong University，Yantai，Shandong 264025，China

Received:2022-06-18 Revised:2022-09-15 Online:2023-01-25 Published:2023-01-18
Contact: *（E-mail：hanjiandong16@163.com，sdgzy2656@126.com）

Abstract

Abstract:

Soybean straw，peanut straw and cotton straw were used as carbon source，cottonseed meal，castor seed meal and rapeseed meal were applied as nitrogen sources respectively，to evaluate the effects of novel carbon and nitrogen sources on growth，yield，appearance quality and nutrient composition of Flammulina filiformis. For carbon sources，there was no significant difference in the single bottle yield and biological efficiency of the substrate with 25% soybean straw（405 g and 122.73%，respectively）and the control substrate（408 g，and 123.64%，respectively），while a significant reduction in yield was observed in the substrate which added peanut straw and cotton straw. For new nitrogen sources，the single bottle yield of fruiting body cultivated on the substrate added with 8% cottonseed meal，13% castor seed meal and 10% rapeseed meal，were 415.3 g，421.5 g and 413.1 g，respectively，the biological efficiency was 125.85%，127.73% and 125.17%，respectively. The total content of amino acids in fruiting bodies cultivated on the substrate added with any new carbon and nitrogen sources（112.8-136.6 g · kg^-1）was higher than that of the control（109.6 g · kg^-1）. By principal component analysis，the comprehensive score of fruiting body in treatment with new carbon and nitrogen source was higher than that in the control. In conclusion，the suitable addition of soybean straw，cottonseed meal，castor seed meal and rapeseed meal on Flammulina filiformis cultivaion substrate can obtain an ideal harvest，reduce the cost and increase economic benefit.

Key words: Flammulina filiformis, cultivation substrate, yield, biological efficiency, nutrient component

CLC Number:

S646.15

SUN Ruixiang, YANG Shude, YANG Peng, HAN Jiandong, GONG Zhiyuan. Effects of Soybean Straw，Cottonseed Meal and Other Cultivation Substrates on Growth and Quality of Flammulina filiformis[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(1): 91-102.

Figures/Tables 10

References 25

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秸秆种类 Straw species	原料配方/% Raw material formula					原料C/N Material C/N	菌丝满瓶/d Full colonized	子实体高/cm Fruiting body height	菌盖直径/cm Pileus diameter	第一潮菇单瓶产量/g The first flush of mushroom yield	生物学效率/% Biological efficiency
秸秆种类 Straw species	秸秆 Straw	玉米芯 Corn cob	米糠 Rice bran	麸皮 Wheat bran	豆皮 Soybean hulls	原料C/N Material C/N	菌丝满瓶/d Full colonized	子实体高/cm Fruiting body height	菌盖直径/cm Pileus diameter	第一潮菇单瓶产量/g The first flush of mushroom yield	生物学效率/% Biological efficiency
豆秸 Soybean	0（对照 Control）	30	20	25	3	33.74	22 ± 1	15.5 ± 0.4 a	0.72 ± 0.12 b	408.00 ± 13.02 a	123.64 ± 3.95 a
straw	20	27	23	8	0	32.43	23 ± 1	15.6 ± 0.7 a	0.85 ± 0.15 a	389.07 ± 15.53 b	117.90 ± 4.71 b
	25	20	25	8	0	33.16	23 ± 1	15.4 ± 0.5 a	0.86 ± 0.21 a	405.02 ± 10.06 a	122.73 ± 3.05 a
	30	13	27	8	0	31.98	24 ± 1	14.8 ± 0.8 b	0.89 ± 0.25 a	383.35 ± 9.65 b	116.17 ± 2.92 b
	35	6	29	8	0	30.89	24 ± 1	14.6 ± 0.5 b	0.91 ± 0.18 a	369.82 ± 14.32 c	112.07 ± 4.34 c
花生秧 Peanut	0（对照 Control）	30	20	25	3	33.74	22 ± 1	15.5 ± 0.5 a	0.72 ± 0.12 a	408.00 ± 13.02 a	123.64 ± 3.95 a
straw	20	23	20	15	0	30.83	22 ± 1	15.6 ± 0.7 a	0.75 ± 0.17 a	378.20 ± 10.32 b	114.61 ± 3.13 b
	25	20	20	13	0	30.59	22 ± 1	15.3 ± 0.4 a	0.73 ± 0.22 a	360.58 ± 13.15 b	109.24 ± 3.98 b
	30	17	20	11	0	30.35	23 ± 1	14.6 ± 0.5 b	0.78 ± 0.15 a	339.83 ± 11.27 c	102.97 ± 3.42 c
	35	14	20	9	0	30.12	23 ± 1	14.1 ± 0.7 b	0.80 ± 0.23 a	330.75 ± 9.02 c	100.23 ± 2.73 c
棉柴 Cotton	0（对照 Control）	30	20	25	3	33.74	22 ± 1	15.5 ± 0.4 a	0.72 ± 0.12 a	408.00 ± 13.02 a	123.64 ± 3.95 a
straw	10	24	20	24	0	30.62	22 ± 1	15.7 ± 0.5 a	0.70 ± 0.27 a	393.82 ± 11.56 ab	119.34 ± 3.50 ab
	20	18	20	20	0	31.27	22 ± 1	15.3 ± 0.7 a	0.78 ± 0.35 a	388.15 ± 16.20 ab	117.62 ± 5.44 ab
	30	12	20	16	0	31.95	23 ± 1	15.1 ± 0.8 a	0.82 ± 0.22 a	364.78 ± 10.32 b	110.54 ± 3.13 b
	40	6	20	12	0	32.66	23 ± 1	14.5 ± 0.5 b	0.83 ± 0.20 a	352.37 ± 12.06 c	106.78 ± 3.65 c

秸秆种类 Straw species	原料配方/% Raw material formula					原料C/N Material C/N	菌丝满瓶/d Full colonized	子实体高/cm Fruiting body height	菌盖直径/cm Pileus diameter	第一潮菇单瓶产量/g The first flush of mushroom yield	生物学效率/% Biological efficiency
秸秆种类 Straw species	秸秆 Straw	玉米芯 Corn cob	米糠 Rice bran	麸皮 Wheat bran	豆皮 Soybean hulls	原料C/N Material C/N	菌丝满瓶/d Full colonized	子实体高/cm Fruiting body height	菌盖直径/cm Pileus diameter	第一潮菇单瓶产量/g The first flush of mushroom yield	生物学效率/% Biological efficiency
豆秸 Soybean	0（对照 Control）	30	20	25	3	33.74	22 ± 1	15.5 ± 0.4 a	0.72 ± 0.12 b	408.00 ± 13.02 a	123.64 ± 3.95 a
straw	20	27	23	8	0	32.43	23 ± 1	15.6 ± 0.7 a	0.85 ± 0.15 a	389.07 ± 15.53 b	117.90 ± 4.71 b
	25	20	25	8	0	33.16	23 ± 1	15.4 ± 0.5 a	0.86 ± 0.21 a	405.02 ± 10.06 a	122.73 ± 3.05 a
	30	13	27	8	0	31.98	24 ± 1	14.8 ± 0.8 b	0.89 ± 0.25 a	383.35 ± 9.65 b	116.17 ± 2.92 b
	35	6	29	8	0	30.89	24 ± 1	14.6 ± 0.5 b	0.91 ± 0.18 a	369.82 ± 14.32 c	112.07 ± 4.34 c
花生秧 Peanut	0（对照 Control）	30	20	25	3	33.74	22 ± 1	15.5 ± 0.5 a	0.72 ± 0.12 a	408.00 ± 13.02 a	123.64 ± 3.95 a
straw	20	23	20	15	0	30.83	22 ± 1	15.6 ± 0.7 a	0.75 ± 0.17 a	378.20 ± 10.32 b	114.61 ± 3.13 b
	25	20	20	13	0	30.59	22 ± 1	15.3 ± 0.4 a	0.73 ± 0.22 a	360.58 ± 13.15 b	109.24 ± 3.98 b
	30	17	20	11	0	30.35	23 ± 1	14.6 ± 0.5 b	0.78 ± 0.15 a	339.83 ± 11.27 c	102.97 ± 3.42 c
	35	14	20	9	0	30.12	23 ± 1	14.1 ± 0.7 b	0.80 ± 0.23 a	330.75 ± 9.02 c	100.23 ± 2.73 c
棉柴 Cotton	0（对照 Control）	30	20	25	3	33.74	22 ± 1	15.5 ± 0.4 a	0.72 ± 0.12 a	408.00 ± 13.02 a	123.64 ± 3.95 a
straw	10	24	20	24	0	30.62	22 ± 1	15.7 ± 0.5 a	0.70 ± 0.27 a	393.82 ± 11.56 ab	119.34 ± 3.50 ab
	20	18	20	20	0	31.27	22 ± 1	15.3 ± 0.7 a	0.78 ± 0.35 a	388.15 ± 16.20 ab	117.62 ± 5.44 ab
	30	12	20	16	0	31.95	23 ± 1	15.1 ± 0.8 a	0.82 ± 0.22 a	364.78 ± 10.32 b	110.54 ± 3.13 b
	40	6	20	12	0	32.66	23 ± 1	14.5 ± 0.5 b	0.83 ± 0.20 a	352.37 ± 12.06 c	106.78 ± 3.65 c

添加种类 Add species	原料配方/% Raw material formula					原料C/N Material C/N	污染率/% Contamina- tion rate	菌丝满瓶/d Full colonized	子实体高/cm Fruiting Body height	菌盖直径/cm Pileus diameter	第一潮菇单瓶产量/g The first flush of mushroom yield	生物学效率/% Biological efficiency
添加种类 Add species	粕类 meal	玉米芯 Corn cob	米糠 Rice bran	麸皮 Wheat bran	豆皮 Soybean hulls	原料C/N Material C/N	污染率/% Contamina- tion rate	菌丝满瓶/d Full colonized	子实体高/cm Fruiting Body height	菌盖直径/cm Pileus diameter	第一潮菇单瓶产量/g The first flush of mushroom yield	生物学效率/% Biological efficiency
棉籽粕 Cotton-	0（对照 Control）	30	20	25	3	33.74	0.69 ± 0.12	22 ± 1	15.5 ± 0.6 a	0.72 ± 0.19 a	408.00 ± 12.06 a	123.64 ± 3.65 a
seed	8	40	10	20	0	34.14	0.35 ± 0.08	21 ± 1	15.8 ± 0.4 a	0.73 ± 0.11 a	415.30 ± 10.32 a	125.85 ± 3.12 a
meal	11	40	10	17	0	32.32	1.04 ± 0.20	23 ± 1	13.2 ± 0.5 b	0.85 ± 0.15 a	383.43 ± 11.47 b	116.18 ± 3.47 b
	14	40	10	14	0	30.77	3.12 ± 0.27	23 ± 1	12.0 ± 0.6 b	0.88 ± 0.17 a	365.75 ± 10.56 c	110.82 ± 3.20 c
蓖麻籽粕	0（对照 Control）	30	20	25	3	33.74	0.69 ± 0.10	22 ± 1	15.5 ± 0.5 a	0.72 ± 0.08 ab	408.00 ± 10.59 b	123.64 ± 3.21 b
Castor	10	40	10	18	0	34.51	0.11 ± 0.08	23 ± 1	15.2 ± 0.3 a	0.65 ± 0.10 ab	402.51 ± 8.69 b	121.97 ± 2.63 b
seed	13	40	10	15	0	33.25	0.35 ± 0.09	22 ± 1	15.6 ± 0.8 a	0.62 ± 0.05 b	421.50 ± 6.01 a	127.73 ± 1.82 a
meal	16	40	10	12	0	32.11	1.04 ± 0.23	23 ± 1	13.8 ± 0.7 b	0.80 ± 0.09 a	382.53 ± 11.51 c	115.91 ± 3.49 c
菜籽粕 Rapeseed	0（对照 Control）	30	20	25	3	33.74	0.69 ± 0.15	22 ± 1	15.5 ± 0.82 a	0.72 ± 0.11 a	408.00 ± 6.51 a	123.64 ± 1.97 a
meal	8	40	10	20	0	34.45	0.35 ± 0.12	21 ± 1	15.5 ± 0.75 a	0.75 ± 0.15 a	399.65 ± 9.65 b	121.09 ± 2.92 b
	10	40	10	18	0	33.53	0.35 ± 0.16	21 ± 1	15.6 ± 0.79 a	0.74 ± 0.09 a	413.10 ± 11.50 a	125.17 ± 3.49 a
	12	40	10	16	0	32.68	1.39 ± 0.21	22 ± 1	15.1 ± 1.04 a	0.79 ± 0.13 a	401.32 ± 10.36 ab	121.59 ± 3.14 ab

添加种类 Add species	原料配方/% Raw material formula					原料C/N Material C/N	污染率/% Contamina- tion rate	菌丝满瓶/d Full colonized	子实体高/cm Fruiting Body height	菌盖直径/cm Pileus diameter	第一潮菇单瓶产量/g The first flush of mushroom yield	生物学效率/% Biological efficiency
添加种类 Add species	粕类 meal	玉米芯 Corn cob	米糠 Rice bran	麸皮 Wheat bran	豆皮 Soybean hulls	原料C/N Material C/N	污染率/% Contamina- tion rate	菌丝满瓶/d Full colonized	子实体高/cm Fruiting Body height	菌盖直径/cm Pileus diameter	第一潮菇单瓶产量/g The first flush of mushroom yield	生物学效率/% Biological efficiency
棉籽粕 Cotton-	0（对照 Control）	30	20	25	3	33.74	0.69 ± 0.12	22 ± 1	15.5 ± 0.6 a	0.72 ± 0.19 a	408.00 ± 12.06 a	123.64 ± 3.65 a
seed	8	40	10	20	0	34.14	0.35 ± 0.08	21 ± 1	15.8 ± 0.4 a	0.73 ± 0.11 a	415.30 ± 10.32 a	125.85 ± 3.12 a
meal	11	40	10	17	0	32.32	1.04 ± 0.20	23 ± 1	13.2 ± 0.5 b	0.85 ± 0.15 a	383.43 ± 11.47 b	116.18 ± 3.47 b
	14	40	10	14	0	30.77	3.12 ± 0.27	23 ± 1	12.0 ± 0.6 b	0.88 ± 0.17 a	365.75 ± 10.56 c	110.82 ± 3.20 c
蓖麻籽粕	0（对照 Control）	30	20	25	3	33.74	0.69 ± 0.10	22 ± 1	15.5 ± 0.5 a	0.72 ± 0.08 ab	408.00 ± 10.59 b	123.64 ± 3.21 b
Castor	10	40	10	18	0	34.51	0.11 ± 0.08	23 ± 1	15.2 ± 0.3 a	0.65 ± 0.10 ab	402.51 ± 8.69 b	121.97 ± 2.63 b
seed	13	40	10	15	0	33.25	0.35 ± 0.09	22 ± 1	15.6 ± 0.8 a	0.62 ± 0.05 b	421.50 ± 6.01 a	127.73 ± 1.82 a
meal	16	40	10	12	0	32.11	1.04 ± 0.23	23 ± 1	13.8 ± 0.7 b	0.80 ± 0.09 a	382.53 ± 11.51 c	115.91 ± 3.49 c
菜籽粕 Rapeseed	0（对照 Control）	30	20	25	3	33.74	0.69 ± 0.15	22 ± 1	15.5 ± 0.82 a	0.72 ± 0.11 a	408.00 ± 6.51 a	123.64 ± 1.97 a
meal	8	40	10	20	0	34.45	0.35 ± 0.12	21 ± 1	15.5 ± 0.75 a	0.75 ± 0.15 a	399.65 ± 9.65 b	121.09 ± 2.92 b
	10	40	10	18	0	33.53	0.35 ± 0.16	21 ± 1	15.6 ± 0.79 a	0.74 ± 0.09 a	413.10 ± 11.50 a	125.17 ± 3.49 a
	12	40	10	16	0	32.68	1.39 ± 0.21	22 ± 1	15.1 ± 1.04 a	0.79 ± 0.13 a	401.32 ± 10.36 ab	121.59 ± 3.14 ab

碳源 Carbon source	蛋白质 Protein	脂肪 Fat	总糖 Total sugar	灰分 Ash	天冬氨酸 Asp	苏氨酸 Thr	丝氨酸 Ser	谷氨酸 Glu
对照Control	186.2 ± 1.2 b	18.4 ± 0.6 b	330.1 ± 16.1 a	71.4 ± 1.1 a	9.3 ± 0.2 b	5.7 ± 0.1 b	6.1 ± 0.1 b	20.9 ± 0.4 c
25%豆秸 25% Soybean straw	182.1 ± 1.5 b	22.0 ± 0.8 a	281.3 ± 14.2 c	60.1 ± 0.9 b	9.7 ± 0.2 b	5.7 ± 0.1 b	6.2 ± 0.1 b	20.2 ± 0.4 c
20%花生秧 20% Peanut straw	201.4 ± 2.0 a	22.1 ± 0.5 a	295.2 ± 13.7 b	70.3 ± 1.4 a	10.8 ± 0.2 a	6.4 ± 0.1 a	6.8 ± 0.1 a	22.4 ± 0.5 b
20% 棉柴 20% Cotton straw	191.3 ± 1.3 a	20.2 ± 1.1 ab	261.5 ± 13.2 c	73.2 ± 1.5 a	10.6 ± 0.2 a	6.5 ± 0.2 a	7.0 ± 0.1 a	23.7 ± 0.4 a
碳源 Carbon source	甘氨酸 Gly	丙氨酸 Ala	缬氨酸 Val	蛋氨酸 Met	异亮氨酸 Ile	亮氨酸 Leu	酪氨酸 Tyr	苯丙氨酸 Phe
对照Control	5.4 ± 0.1 b	8.2 ± 0.2 a	5.5 ± 0.1 b	7.8 ± 0.1 a	4.6 ± 0.1 b	8.2 ± 0.2 b	5.8 ± 0.1 b	3.5 ± 0.1 c
25%豆秸 25% Soybean straw	5.4 ± 0.1 b	7.6 ± 0.2 b	6.3 ± 0.1 a	8.1 ± 0.2 a	5.2 ± 0.1 a	8.4 ± 0.2 b	5.8 ± 0.1 b	4.8 ± 0.1 a
20% 花生秧 20% Peanut straw	5.9 ± 0.1 a	7.9 ± 0.2 b	6.0 ± 0.1 a	4.8 ± 0.1 b	5.1 ± 0.1 a	9.0 ± 0.2 a	7.5 ± 0.2 a	4.9 ± 0.1 a
20%棉柴 20% Cotton straw	6.0 ± 0.1 a	8.7 ± 0.2 a	6.2 ± 0.1 a	7.8 ± 0.1 a	5.1 ± 0.1 a	9.3 ± 0.1 a	7.0 ± 0.2 a	4.3 ± 0.1 b
碳源 Carbon source	赖氨酸 Lys	组氨酸 His	精氨酸 Arg	脯氨酸 Pro	氨基酸总量 Total amino acids	必需氨基酸含量 Essential amino acid content	必需氨基酸与总氨基酸比值/% Ratio of essential amino acids to total amino acids
对照Control	6.7 ± 0.2 b	2.4 ± 0.1 b	3.9 ± 0.1 b	5.6 ± 0.1 b	109.6 ± 2.2 d	42.0 ± 0.8 b	38.32 ± 0.7 b
25% 豆秸 25% Soybean straw	6.8 ± 0.1 b	2.5 ± 0.1 b	3.9 ± 0.1 b	6.2 ± 0.2 a	112.8 ± 2.4 c	45.3 ± 0.9 a	40.16 ± 0.8 a
20% 花生秧 20% Peanut straw	7.6 ± 0.2 a	2.4 ± 0.1 b	4.3 ± 0.1 a	3.8 ± 0.1 c	115.6 ± 2.5 b	43.8 ± 0.5 b	37.89 ± 0.4 b
20% 棉柴 20% Cotton straw	7.6 ± 0.2 a	2.9 ± 0.1 a	4.6 ± 0.1 a	6.0 ± 0.1 a	123.3 ± 1.8 a	46.8 ± 1.1 a	37.96 ± 0.9 b

Effects of Soybean Straw，Cottonseed Meal and Other Cultivation Substrates on Growth and Quality of Flammulina filiformis

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氮源 Nitrogen source	蛋白质 Protein	脂肪 Fat	总糖 Total sugar	灰分 Ash	天冬氨酸 Asp	苏氨酸 Thr	丝氨酸 Ser	谷氨酸 Glu
对照Control	186.1 ± 1.4 c	18.2 ± 0.6 c	330.0 ± 12.0 a	71.0 ± 3.4 a	9.3 ± 0.2 b	5.7 ± 0.1 b	6.1 ± 0.1 c	20.9 ± 0.3 c
13%蓖麻籽粕 13% Castor seed meal	202.3 ± 1.6 a	26.1 ± 1.3 a	295.0 ± 11.5 b	67.0 ± 3.1 b	10.5 ± 0.2 a	7.1 ± 0.1 a	7.2 ± 0.1 a	26.8 ± 0.5 a
8%棉籽粕 8% Cottonseed meal	202.5 ± 1.1 a	14.3 ± 0.7 d	322.0 ± 14.3 a	64.0 ± 2.5 b	11.2 ± 0.2 a	6.6 ± 0.1 a	7.4 ± 0.1 a	24.8 ± 0.4 b
10%菜籽粕 10% Rapeseed meal	198.3 ± 2.1 b	21.6 ± 0.6 b	284.0 ± 14.6 b	70.0 ± 2.2 a	10.5 ± 0.2 a	6.9 ± 0.1 a	6.9 ± 0.1 b	24.9 ± 0.5 b
氮源 Nitrogen source	甘氨酸 Gly	丙氨酸 Ala	缬氨酸 Val	蛋氨酸 Met	异亮氨酸 Ile	亮氨酸 Leu	酪氨酸 Tyr	苯丙氨酸 Phe
对照Control	5.4 ± 0.1 b	8.2 ± 0.2 c	5.5 ± 0.1 c	7.8 ± 0.2 b	4.6 ± 0.1 c	8.2 ± 0.2 c	5.8 ± 0.1 b	3.5 ± 0.1 c
13%蓖麻籽粕 13% Castor seed meal	6.4 ± 0.1 a	10.7 ± 0.1 a	8.0 ± 0.1 a	8.3 ± 0.1 b	6.1 ± 0.1 a	10.3 ± 0.1 a	6.6 ± 0.2 a	6.7 ± 0.1 a
8%棉籽粕 8% Cottonseed meal	6.2 ± 0.1 a	9.7 ± 0.2 b	6.2 ± 0.1 b	6.8 ± 0.1 c	5.3 ± 0.1 b	9.7 ± 0.2 b	6.5 ± 0.1 a	4.5 ± 0.1 b
10%菜籽粕 10% Rapeseed meal	6.3 ± 0.1 a	10.2 ± 0.1 a	7.8 ± 0.1 a	10.0 ± 0.2 a	6.0 ± 0.1 a	10.0 ± 0.2 a	2.7 ± 0.1 c	6.2 ± 0.1 a
氮源 Nitrogen source	赖氨酸 Lys	组氨酸 His	精氨酸 Arg	脯氨酸 Pro	氨基酸总量 Total amino acids	必需氨基酸含量 Essential amino acid content	必需氨基酸与总氨基酸比值/% Ratio of essential amino acids to total amino acids
对照Control	6.7 ± 0.2 b	2.4 ± 0.1 b	3.9 ± 0.2 b	5.6 ± 0.2 b	109.6 ± 2.2 c	42.0 ± 0.8 c	38.32 ± 0.7 bc
13%蓖麻籽粕 13% Castor seed meal	7.7 ± 0.2 a	3.0 ± 0.1 a	4.6 ± 0.1 a	6.6 ± 0.1 a	136.6 ± 2.7 a	54.2 ± 1.8 a	39.68 ± 1.3 b
8%棉籽粕 8% Cottonseed meal	7.8 ± 0.2 a	2.7 ± 0.1 a	4.7 ± 0.1 a	6.3 ± 0.1 a	126.4 ± 2.5 b	46.9 ± 0.9 b	37.10 ± 0.7 c
10%菜籽粕 10% Rapeseed meal	7.4 ± 0.2 a	3.1 ± 0.1 a	4.4 ± 0.1 a	4.0 ± 0.1 c	127.3 ± 2.4 b	54.3 ± 1.1 a	42.66 ± 0.9 a

配方 Formula	甜味氨基酸 Sweet amino acid	鲜味氨基酸 Umami amino acid	芳香族氨基酸 Aromatic amino acid	甜味和鲜味氨基酸 Sweet and umami amino acid	口感 Mouthfeel	菇味 Flavor
对照 Control	13.6 ± 0.6 d	30.2 ± 0.9 c	9.3 ± 0.8 c	43.8 ± 1.3 d	脆嫩 Crisp and tender	较浓郁 A little flavourful
25%豆秸 25% Soybean straw	13.0 ± 0.5 d	29.9 ± 0.6 c	10.6 ± 0.5 b	42.9 ± 1.1 d	脆嫩 Crisp and tender	较浓郁 A little flavourful
20%花生秧 20% Peanut straw	13.8 ± 0.6 d	33.2 ± 0.8 b	12.4 ± 0.9 a	47.0 ± 0.9 c	脆嫩 Crisp and tender	浓郁 Flavourful
20%棉柴 20% Cotton straw	14.7 ± 0.6 c	34.3 ± 0.7 b	11.3 ± 0.8 b	49.0 ± 1.1 c	较脆嫩 A little crisp and tender	浓郁 Flavourful
13%蓖麻籽粕 13% Castor seed meal	17.1 ± 0.5 a	37.3 ± 0.6 a	13.3 ± 0.9 a	54.4 ± 0.8 a	脆嫩 Crisp and tender	浓郁 Flavourful
8%棉籽粕 8% Cottonseed meal	15.9 ± 0.5 b	36.0 ± 0.6 a	11.0 ± 0.3 b	51.9 ± 1.1 b	脆嫩 Crisp and tender	浓郁 Flavourful
10%菜籽粕 10% Rapeseed meal	16.5 ± 0.4 a	35.4 ± 0.7 a	8.9 ± 0.5 c	51.9 ± 1.0 b	较脆嫩 A little crisp and tender	浓郁 Flavourful

主成分 Principal component	全部特征值 Total eigenvalue	方差贡献率/% Variance contribution rate	累计方差贡献率/% Cumulative variance contribution rate
1	6.402	45.727	45.727
2	2.829	20.204	65.931
3	2.069	14.782	80.713
4	1.394	9.960	90.673
5	0.949	6.776	97.449

指标 Indicator	主成分1 Principal component 1		主成分2 Principal component 2		主成分3 Principal component 3		主成分4 Principal component 4
指标 Indicator	特征向量 Eigenvector	载荷 Load	特征向量 Eigenvector	载荷 Load	特征向量 Eigenvector	载荷 Load	特征向量 Eigenvector	载荷 Load
蛋白质 Protein	0.322	0.815	0.084	0.142	-0.320	-0.460	0.202	0.239
脂肪 Fat	0.041	0.104	0.453	0.762	0.287	0.413	0.137	0.162
总糖 Total sugar	0.063	0.160	-0.489	-0.823	-0.122	-0.175	0.327	0.386
灰分 Ash	0.015	0.039	0.178	0.299	-0.457	-0.657	-0.389	-0.459
氨基酸总量Total amino acids	0.361	0.914	0.193	0.324	0.083	0.120	-0.056	-0.066
必需氨基酸Essential amino acid	0.319	0.807	0.188	0.316	0.237	0.341	-0.262	-0.309
甜味氨基酸Sweet amino acid	0.386	0.976	0.061	0.103	0.030	0.043	-0.154	-0.182
鲜味氨基酸Umami amino acid	0.365	0.923	0.157	0.264	-0.121	-0.174	-0.028	-0.033
芳香族氨基酸 Aromatic amino acid	0.108	0.274	0.359	0.603	-0.047	-0.067	0.603	0.712
满瓶时间 Full colonized time	-0.274	-0.692	0.210	0.354	0.341	0.490	0.305	0.360
子实体高度Fruiting body height	0.264	0.667	-0.304	-0.512	-0.175	-0.251	0.304	0.359
菌盖直径Pileus diameter	-0.314	-0.794	-0.020	-0.034	0.099	0.143	-0.174	-0.206
第一潮菇产量 The first flush of mushroom yield	0.247	0.625	-0.274	-0.461	0.421	0.606	-0.059	-0.070
生物学效率Biological efficiency	0.247	0.625	-0.274	-0.461	0.421	0.606	-0.058	-0.069

配方 Formula	F1	F2	F3	F4	F	排名Ranking
13%蓖麻籽粕 13% Castor seed meal	1.822	0.325	0.209	0.110	2.356	1
10%菜籽粕 10% Rapeseed meal	0.982	-0.046	0.024	-0.211	0.960	2
8%棉籽粕 8% Cottonseed meal	1.059	-0.512	-0.116	0.066	0.431	3
20%棉柴 20% Cotton straw	-0.655	0.440	-0.128	-0.132	-0.344	4
20%花生秧 20% Peanut straw	-0.645	0.263	-0.328	0.141	-0.710	5
25%豆秸 25% Soybean straw	-1.610	-0.009	0.382	0.048	-1.236	6
对照Control	-0.954	-0.460	-0.042	-0.021	-1.457	7

配方 Formula	原料成本/元 Cost of material	平均产量/g Average yield	单瓶毛利润/元 Gross profit per bottle	单瓶净利润/元 Net profit per bottle	增加净利润/元 Increased profit
25%豆秸 25% Soybean straw	0.31	405.20	2.03	0.71	0.17
20%花生秧 20% Peanut straw	0.33	378.20	1.89	0.57	0.03
20%棉柴 20% Cotton straw	0.34	388.15	1.94	0.60	0.06
13%蓖麻籽粕 13% Castor seed meal	0.46	421.50	2.11	0.65	0.11
8%棉籽粕 8% Cottonseed meal	0.47	415.30	2.08	0.61	0.07
10%菜籽粕 10% Rapeseed meal	0.46	413.10	2.07	0.60	0.06
对照Control	0.50	408.00	2.04	0.54

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指标 Indica-tor	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	J	K	L	M	N
	蛋白质 Protein	脂肪 Fat	总糖 Total sugar	灰分 Ash	氨基酸Amino acid					满瓶时间 Full colonized	子实体高 Fruiting body height	菌盖直径 Pileus diameter	第一潮产量 The first flush yield	生物学效率 Biological efficiency
	蛋白质 Protein	脂肪 Fat	总糖 Total sugar	灰分 Ash	总量 Total	必需Essential	甜味 Sweet	鲜味Umami	芳香族Aromatic	满瓶时间 Full colonized	子实体高 Fruiting body height	菌盖直径 Pileus diameter	第一潮产量 The first flush yield	生物学效率 Biological efficiency
A	1
B	0.045	1
C	0.136	-0.508	1
D	0.177	0.024	-0.127	1
E	0.714	0.287	-0.211	0.032	1
F	0.510	0.456	-0.330	-0.003	0.880^**	1
G	0.742	0.149	-0.013	0.120	0.951^**	0.884^**	1
H	0.869^*	0.121	-0.114	0.163	0.953^**	0.767^*	0.934^**	1
I	0.482	0.488	-0.182	-0.097	0.431	0.131	0.207	0.436	1
J	-0.686	0.480	-0.299	-0.328	-0.490	-0.413	-0.682	-0.658	0.257	1
K	0.741	-0.339	0.650	-0.241	0.372	0.239	0.514	0.512	0.097	-0.682	1
L	-0.670	-0.229	-0.390	-0.327	-0.650	-0.489	-0.729	-0.673	-0.389	0.447	-0.500	1
M	0.115	-0.034	0.390	-0.406	0.496	0.563	0.603	0.339	-0.184	-0.298	0.429	-0.458	1
N	0.116	-0.034	0.391	-0.406	0.496	0.563	0.603	0.339	-0.183	-0.298	0.430	-0.458	1.000^**	1

指标 Indica-tor	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	J	K	L	M	N
	蛋白质 Protein	脂肪 Fat	总糖 Total sugar	灰分 Ash	氨基酸Amino acid					满瓶时间 Full colonized	子实体高 Fruiting body height	菌盖直径 Pileus diameter	第一潮产量 The first flush yield	生物学效率 Biological efficiency
	蛋白质 Protein	脂肪 Fat	总糖 Total sugar	灰分 Ash	总量 Total	必需Essential	甜味 Sweet	鲜味Umami	芳香族Aromatic	满瓶时间 Full colonized	子实体高 Fruiting body height	菌盖直径 Pileus diameter	第一潮产量 The first flush yield	生物学效率 Biological efficiency
A	1
B	0.045	1
C	0.136	-0.508	1
D	0.177	0.024	-0.127	1
E	0.714	0.287	-0.211	0.032	1
F	0.510	0.456	-0.330	-0.003	0.880^**	1
G	0.742	0.149	-0.013	0.120	0.951^**	0.884^**	1
H	0.869^*	0.121	-0.114	0.163	0.953^**	0.767^*	0.934^**	1
I	0.482	0.488	-0.182	-0.097	0.431	0.131	0.207	0.436	1
J	-0.686	0.480	-0.299	-0.328	-0.490	-0.413	-0.682	-0.658	0.257	1
K	0.741	-0.339	0.650	-0.241	0.372	0.239	0.514	0.512	0.097	-0.682	1
L	-0.670	-0.229	-0.390	-0.327	-0.650	-0.489	-0.729	-0.673	-0.389	0.447	-0.500	1
M	0.115	-0.034	0.390	-0.406	0.496	0.563	0.603	0.339	-0.184	-0.298	0.429	-0.458	1
N	0.116	-0.034	0.391	-0.406	0.496	0.563	0.603	0.339	-0.183	-0.298	0.430	-0.458	1.000^**	1