Comparison of Growth and Secondary Metabolites of Purple and White Flower Dracocephalum moldavica Under Field,Greenhouse and Greenhouse Shading Conditions

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-1057

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (6): 1363-1370.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-1057

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Comparison of Growth and Secondary Metabolites of Purple and White Flower Dracocephalum moldavica Under Field,Greenhouse and Greenhouse Shading Conditions

LI Xiaoming(), YU Junchi, WANG Chunxia

College of Horticulture,Shenyang Agricultural University,Demonstration Center of Undergraduate Experimental Teaching in Colleges and Universities of Liaoning Province,Shenyang 110866,China

Received:2021-03-02 Revised:2021-08-20 Online:2022-06-25 Published:2022-07-05
Contact: LI Xiaoming E-mail:lixm@syau.edu.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

Dracocephalum moldavica is an annual herb of Labiatae,which is used for Mongolian and Uyghur medicine in China. The growth characteristics and the secondary metabolites content of purple and white flower D. moldavica under three cultivation conditions of field,greenhouse and greenhouse shading were compared. The results showed that the plant height,internode length,leaf area and specific leaf area increased significantly under the three cultivation conditions; Leaf,palisade tissue（P）and sponge tissue（S）thickness,stomatal index and stomatal density decreased significantly,and P/S increased significantly. The increase of leaf area of purple flower D. moldavica was significantly higher than that of white D. moldavica,and the decrease of leaf thickness,palisade tissue thickness,sponge tissue thickness and stomatal density were lower than that of white D. moldavica. Under field conditions,the contents of chlorophyll,carotenoid and anthocyanin in purple flower D. moldavica were significantly higher than that in the white one,and the content of total flavonoids was significantly lower than that in the white one. Under greenhouse conditions,the anthocyanin content of stem epidermis of purple flower D. moldavica was significantly lower than that under open ground conditions,and the chlorophyll and carotenoid content of white flower D. moldavica were significantly lower. The anthocyanin content in leaves increased significantly. Under greenhouse shading conditions,the contents of chlorophyll,carotenoid and anthocyanin in the leaves of the purple and white flower D. moldavica were significantly higher than those in the greenhouse. Anthocyanins are almost free in the white flower D. moldavica,which is not affected by cultivation conditions. The main volatile components in the fresh samples are nerol,geraniol,nerolaldehyde and geraniol. The relative contents of nerolaldehyde and geraniol in white flower D. moldavica are higher than those in purple flower one. The yield of crude essential oil from the purple and white flower D. moldavica was 0.25%-0.27%,and there was no significant difference between them.

Key words: Dracocephalum moldavica, purple and white flower, anatomical structure, anthocyanin, total flavonoid, volatile component

CLC Number:

S567

LI Xiaoming, YU Junchi, WANG Chunxia. Comparison of Growth and Secondary Metabolites of Purple and White Flower Dracocephalum moldavica Under Field,Greenhouse and Greenhouse Shading Conditions[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(6): 1363-1370.

Figures/Tables 9

References 12

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栽培方式 Cultivation condition	材料 Material	株高/cm Plant height	基茎粗/cm Basal stem diameter	主干节间长/cm Length of main internode	叶面积/cm² Leaf area	比叶面积/（cm² · g^-1） Specific leaf area
露地Field	紫花Purple	54.67 ± 1.52 c	1.20 ± 0.17 a	2.37 ± 0.20 c	4.66 ± 0.40 e	41.23 ± 0.26 c
露地Field	白花White	56.67 ± 1.52 c	1.23 ± 0.15 a	2.26 ± 0.25 c	5.00 ± 1.02 de	40.31 ± 2.51 c
温室Greenhouse	紫花Purple	67.67 ± 2.51 b	1.30 ± 0.20 a	3.43 ± 0.30 b	7.03 ± 0.72 bc	66.26 ± 1.17 b
温室Greenhouse	白花White	66.33 ± 0.57 b	1.37 ± 0.11 a	3.50 ± 0.34 b	6.36 ± 0.51 cd	64.37 ± 1.38 b
温室遮阳 Greenhouse shading	紫花Purple	77.33 ± 2.08 a	1.43 ± 0.11 a	4.30 ± 0.50 a	11.77 ± 1.33 a	79.45 ± 3.24 a
温室遮阳 Greenhouse shading	白花White	76.33 ± 1.02 a	1.33 ± 0.15 a	4.47 ± 0.45 a	8.16 ± 0.87 b	81.73 ± 2.62 a

栽培方式 Cultivation condition	材料 Material	株高/cm Plant height	基茎粗/cm Basal stem diameter	主干节间长/cm Length of main internode	叶面积/cm² Leaf area	比叶面积/（cm² · g^-1） Specific leaf area
露地Field	紫花Purple	54.67 ± 1.52 c	1.20 ± 0.17 a	2.37 ± 0.20 c	4.66 ± 0.40 e	41.23 ± 0.26 c
露地Field	白花White	56.67 ± 1.52 c	1.23 ± 0.15 a	2.26 ± 0.25 c	5.00 ± 1.02 de	40.31 ± 2.51 c
温室Greenhouse	紫花Purple	67.67 ± 2.51 b	1.30 ± 0.20 a	3.43 ± 0.30 b	7.03 ± 0.72 bc	66.26 ± 1.17 b
温室Greenhouse	白花White	66.33 ± 0.57 b	1.37 ± 0.11 a	3.50 ± 0.34 b	6.36 ± 0.51 cd	64.37 ± 1.38 b
温室遮阳 Greenhouse shading	紫花Purple	77.33 ± 2.08 a	1.43 ± 0.11 a	4.30 ± 0.50 a	11.77 ± 1.33 a	79.45 ± 3.24 a
温室遮阳 Greenhouse shading	白花White	76.33 ± 1.02 a	1.33 ± 0.15 a	4.47 ± 0.45 a	8.16 ± 0.87 b	81.73 ± 2.62 a

栽培方式 Cultivation condition	材料 Material	厚度/μm Thickness				保卫细胞/μm Guard cell		气孔 Stomatal
栽培方式 Cultivation condition	材料 Material	叶片 Leaf	栅栏组织 Palisade tissue（P）	海绵组织 Spongy tissue （S）	P/S	长度 Length	宽度 Width	指数/% Index	密度/ （个 · mm^-2） Density
露地Field	紫花Purple	174.3 ± 6.7 bc	92.7 ± 6.4 ab	63.4 ± 6.3 b	1.48 b	25.8 ± 1.9 a	6.4 ± 0.2 a	52.2 ± 4.6 ab	1 788 ± 114 ab
露地Field	白花White	193.8 ± 24.2 a	102.9 ± 16.2 a	73.9 ± 10.6 a	1.40 a	24.7 ± 0.7 a	6.4 ± 0.2 a	54.4 ± 4.4 a	1 833 ± 79 a
温室 Greenhouse	紫花Purple	171.8 ± 9.2 bc	95.0 ± 6.9 ab	61.3 ± 6.2 b	1.56 b	23.2 ± 2.4 a	6.0 ± 0.7 a	46.4 ± 3.8 ab	1 537 ± 65 cd
温室 Greenhouse	白花White	179.5 ± 27.1 b	99.5 ± 15.8 a	64.7 ± 13.6 b	1.57 b	23.8 ± 0.4 a	6.4 ± 0.7 a	51.6 ± 6.5 ab	1 707 ± 118 bc
温室遮阳 Greenhouse shading	紫花Purple	156.2 ± 6.1 cd	91.7 ± 4.6 ab	51.7 ± 2.5 c	1.77 a	25.5 ± 1.1 a	6.9 ± 1.1 a	43.6 ± 2.9 b	1 502 ± 98 d
温室遮阳 Greenhouse shading	白花White	146.8 ± 7.9 d	86.0 ± 3.2 b	45.5 ± 5.6 c	1.91 a	23.7 ± 0.4 a	6.3 ± 0.5 a	44.3 ± 5.9 b	1 471 ± 117 d

栽培方式 Cultivation condition	材料 Material	厚度/μm Thickness				保卫细胞/μm Guard cell		气孔 Stomatal
栽培方式 Cultivation condition	材料 Material	叶片 Leaf	栅栏组织 Palisade tissue（P）	海绵组织 Spongy tissue （S）	P/S	长度 Length	宽度 Width	指数/% Index	密度/ （个 · mm^-2） Density
露地Field	紫花Purple	174.3 ± 6.7 bc	92.7 ± 6.4 ab	63.4 ± 6.3 b	1.48 b	25.8 ± 1.9 a	6.4 ± 0.2 a	52.2 ± 4.6 ab	1 788 ± 114 ab
露地Field	白花White	193.8 ± 24.2 a	102.9 ± 16.2 a	73.9 ± 10.6 a	1.40 a	24.7 ± 0.7 a	6.4 ± 0.2 a	54.4 ± 4.4 a	1 833 ± 79 a
温室 Greenhouse	紫花Purple	171.8 ± 9.2 bc	95.0 ± 6.9 ab	61.3 ± 6.2 b	1.56 b	23.2 ± 2.4 a	6.0 ± 0.7 a	46.4 ± 3.8 ab	1 537 ± 65 cd
温室 Greenhouse	白花White	179.5 ± 27.1 b	99.5 ± 15.8 a	64.7 ± 13.6 b	1.57 b	23.8 ± 0.4 a	6.4 ± 0.7 a	51.6 ± 6.5 ab	1 707 ± 118 bc
温室遮阳 Greenhouse shading	紫花Purple	156.2 ± 6.1 cd	91.7 ± 4.6 ab	51.7 ± 2.5 c	1.77 a	25.5 ± 1.1 a	6.9 ± 1.1 a	43.6 ± 2.9 b	1 502 ± 98 d
温室遮阳 Greenhouse shading	白花White	146.8 ± 7.9 d	86.0 ± 3.2 b	45.5 ± 5.6 c	1.91 a	23.7 ± 0.4 a	6.3 ± 0.5 a	44.3 ± 5.9 b	1 471 ± 117 d

栽培方式 Cultivation condition	材料 Material	叶绿素a/ （mg · g^-1） Chlorophyll a	叶绿素b/ （mg · g^-1） Chlorophyll b	叶绿素a + b/ （mg · g^-1） Chl a + b	叶绿素a/b Chl a/b ratio	类胡萝卜素/U Carotenoids
露地Field	紫花 Purple	0.64 ± 0.01 b	0.24 ± 0.00 b	0.87 ± 0.01 b	2.69 a	9.42 ± 0.20 b
露地Field	白花 White	0.46 ± 0.03 c	0.18 ± 0.01 c	0.64 ± 0.04 c	2.52 ab	7.25 ± 0.44 c
温室Greenhouse	紫花 Purple	0.58 ± 0.01 b	0.22 ± 0.01 b	0.80 ± 0.02 b	2.60 ab	8.52 ± 0.30 b
温室Greenhouse	白花 White	0.59 ± 0.02 b	0.25 ± 0.02 b	0.84 ± 0.05 b	2.40 b	8.86 ± 0.40 b
温室遮阳 Greenhouse shading	紫花 Purple	1.14 ± 0.03 a	0.46 ± 0.01 a	1.59 ± 0.04 a	2.48 b	15.62 ± 0.43 a
温室遮阳 Greenhouse shading	白花 White	1.10 ± 0.09 a	0.44 ± 0.03 a	1.54 ± 0.12 a	2.48 b	15.01 ± 1.39 a

Comparison of Growth and Secondary Metabolites of Purple and White Flower Dracocephalum moldavica Under Field,Greenhouse and Greenhouse Shading Conditions

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栽培方式 Cultivation condition	材料 Material	总黄酮/（mg · g^-1） Total flavone	花色素苷/U Anthocyanins
栽培方式 Cultivation condition	材料 Material	总黄酮/（mg · g^-1） Total flavone	花Flower	茎段表皮Stem epidermis	叶片Leaf
露地Field	紫花Purple	11.19 ± 0.34 b	0.35 ± 0.07 a	0.12 ± 0.01 a	0.10 ± 0.02 e
露地Field	白花White	12.51 ± 0.10 a	0.04 ± 0.00 c	0.01 ± 0.00 d	0.04 ± 0.01 f
温室Greenhouse	紫花Purple	9.07 ± 0.28 c	0.30 ± 0.05 a	0.05 ± 0.00 b	0.16 ± 0.00 c
温室Greenhouse	白花White	8.58 ± 0.04 c	0.04 ± 0.01 c	0.01 ± 0.00 d	0.13 ± 0.01 c
温室遮阳 Greenhouse shading	紫花Purple	7.05 ± 0.28 d	0.18 ± 0.04 b	0.03 ± 0.00 c	0.27 ± 0.01 a
温室遮阳 Greenhouse shading	白花White	6.58 ± 0.38 d	0.03 ± 0.01 c	0.03 ± 0.00 c	0.22 ± 0.01 b

序号 No.	保留时间/min Retention time	化合物名称 Compound	相对含量/% Relative content
序号 No.	保留时间/min Retention time	化合物名称 Compound	紫花Purple	白花White
1	11.778	3,7-二甲基-1,3,6-辛三烯 1,3,6-Octatriene,3,7-dimethyl-,(Z)-	0.94	—
2	11.809	β-罗勒烯 Beta-Ocimene	—	1.15
3	18.622	橙花醇 2,6-Octadien-1-ol,3,7-dimethyl-,(Z)-	14.59	19.69
4	19.026	橙花醛（顺-柠檬醛）2,6-Octadienal,3,7-dimethyl-,(Z)-	1.50	4.55
5	19.651	香叶醇 Geraniol	31.19	32.49
6	20.203	香叶醛（反-柠檬醛）2,6-Octadienal,3,7-dimethyl-,(E)-	5.12	15.89
7	22.292	3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯酸甲酯 2,6-Octadienoic acid,3,7-dimethyl-,methyl ester	0.42	0.58
8	24.198	3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯-1-醇乙酯 2,6-Octadien-1-ol,3,7-dimethyl-,acetate,(Z)-	4.02	2.18
9	24.749	古巴烯 Copaene	1.28	1.52
10	25.319	香叶醇乙酸酯 Geranyl acetate	29.89	—
11	25.521	[1S-(1α,2β,4β)]-1-乙烯基-1-甲基-2,4-二（1-甲基乙烯基）-环己烷 Cyclohexane,1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2,4-bis(1-methylethenyl)-,[1S-(1.alpha.,2.beta.,4.beta.)]-	0.38	0.64
12	26.379	[1aR-(1aα,4α,4aβ,7bα)]-1a,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7b-八氢化-1,1,4,7-四甲基-1H-环丙烯并[E]奥 1H-Cycloprop[e],1a,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7 b-octahydro-1,1,4,7-tetramethyl-,[1aR- (1a.alpha.,4.alpha.,4a.beta.,7b.alpha.)]-	—	0.11
13	26.863	β-依兰烯 Beta.-ylangene	1.51	2.51
14	28.548	葎草烯 Humulene	1.21	0.56
15	29.994	[3aS-(3aα,3bβ,4β,7α,7aS)-八氢化-7-甲基-3-亚甲基-4-（1-甲基乙基）- 1H-环戊二烯并[1,3]环丙[1,2]苯 1H-Cyclopenta[1,3]cyclopropa[1,2] benzene,octahydro-7-methyl-3-methylene-4-(1-methylethyl)-,[3aS-(3a.alpha.,3b.beta.,4.beta.,7. alpha.,7aS)]-	0.11	4.58
16	29.982	倍半水芹烯 (+)-epi-Bicyclosesquiphellandrene	2.78	—
17	30.803	[S-(E,E)]-1-甲基-5-亚甲基-8-（1-甲基乙基）1,6-环癸二烯 1,6-Cyclodecadiene,1-methyl-5-methylene-8-(1-methylethyl)-,[S-(E,E)]-	—	0.59
18	31.422	α-法尼烯 alpha.-Farnesene	0.44	0.44
19	32.188	（1S-cis）-1,2,3,5,6,8a-六氢-4,7-二甲基-1-（1-甲基乙基）-萘 Naphthalene,1,2,3,5,6,8a-hexahydro-4,7-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-,(1S-cis)-	0.15	0.24

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