Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (4): 709-722.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-1051
• Research Papers • Next Articles
ZHANG Xiaoyun1, TANG Yuwei1, WANG Kai1, ZHANG Dong2,*(), YANG Weiwei1,*(
)
Received:
2021-11-05
Revised:
2022-01-29
Online:
2022-04-25
Published:
2022-04-24
Contact:
ZHANG Dong,YANG Weiwei
E-mail:afant@nwsuaf.edu.cn;yangww@shzu.edu.cn
CLC Number:
ZHANG Xiaoyun, TANG Yuwei, WANG Kai, ZHANG Dong, YANG Weiwei. Simulation Analysis of Effects of Shoot Type Composition on Canopy Light Interception Efficiency and Photosynthetic Productivity in Apple Trees[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(4): 709-722.
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URL: https://www.ahs.ac.cn/EN/10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-1051
变量 Variable | 异速生 长关系 Allometric relation- ship | 系数 Coeffi- cient | 枝梢类型和品种Shoot type and cultivar | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
果台 Bourse | 果台短副梢 Bourse short shoot | 果台长副梢 Bourse long shoot | 营养短枝 Vegetative short shoot | 营养长枝 Vegetative long shoot | ||||||||
礼泉 短富 Liquan Fuji | 丽嘎拉Regal Gala | 礼泉 短富 Liquan Fuji | 丽嘎拉 Regal Gala | 礼泉 短富 Liquan Fuji | 丽嘎拉 Regal Gala | 礼泉 短富 Liquan Fuji | 丽嘎拉 Regal Gala | 礼泉 短富 Liquan Fuji | 丽嘎拉 Regal Gala | |||
枝梢叶数—枝梢长Shoot leaf number-shoot length | SLN = aSLNSL + bSLN | aSLN | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.42 | 0.20 | 0 | 1.40 | 0.58 | 0.34 |
bSLN | 6.00 | 6.00 | 6.00 | 8.00 | 4.95 | 8.49 | 10.00 | 6.69 | 7.22 | 9.27 | ||
r2 | ns | ns | ns | ns | 0.86** | 0.72** | ns | 0.66** | 0.93** | 0.93** | ||
枝梢叶面积—枝梢长Shoot leaf area-shoot length | SLA = aSLASL + bSLA | aSLA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12.13 | 10.92 | 9.63 | 23.14 | 37.01 | 15.08 | 13.38 |
bSLA | 56.83 | 96.71 | 111.50 | 149.80 | 122.90 | 149.00 | 134.00 | 122.00 | 151.60 | 214.20 | ||
r2 | ns | ns | ns | 0.55** | 0.78** | 0.75** | 0.43* | 0.49* | 0.90** | 0.87** | ||
叶柄长—叶片长Petiole length- leaf length | PL = aPLLL + bPL | aPL | 0.33 | 0.36 | 0.38 | 0.21 | 0.43 | 0.17 | 0.26 | 0.24 | 0.23 | 0.16 |
bPL | 0.28 | 0.27 | 0.29 | 2.06 | 0.78 | 2.01 | 1.62 | 1.88 | 1.45 | 2.29 | ||
r2 | 0.63** | 0.55* | 0.66** | 0.43* | 0.58** | 0.48* | 0.61** | 0.59** | 0.42* | 0.31* | ||
叶面积—叶长2 Leaf area- leaf length2 | LA = aLALL² | aLA | 0.53 | 0.48 | 0.41 | 0.35 | 0.43 | 0.35 | 0.38 | 0.31 | 0.40 | 0.35 |
r2 | 0.98** | 0.98** | 0.98** | 0.97** | 0.99** | 0.97** | 0.97** | 0.97** | 0.97** | 0.98** | ||
叶宽—叶长 Leaf width- leaf length | LW = aLW LL | aLW | 0.76 | 0.69 | 0.61 | 0.52 | 0.62 | 0.54 | 0.58 | 0.50 | 0.58 | 0.53 |
r2 | 0.99** | 0.99** | 0.98** | 0.98** | 0.99** | 0.98** | 0.97** | 0.97** | 0.97** | 0.98** |
Table 1 Allometric relationships at shoot- and leaf-scales
变量 Variable | 异速生 长关系 Allometric relation- ship | 系数 Coeffi- cient | 枝梢类型和品种Shoot type and cultivar | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
果台 Bourse | 果台短副梢 Bourse short shoot | 果台长副梢 Bourse long shoot | 营养短枝 Vegetative short shoot | 营养长枝 Vegetative long shoot | ||||||||
礼泉 短富 Liquan Fuji | 丽嘎拉Regal Gala | 礼泉 短富 Liquan Fuji | 丽嘎拉 Regal Gala | 礼泉 短富 Liquan Fuji | 丽嘎拉 Regal Gala | 礼泉 短富 Liquan Fuji | 丽嘎拉 Regal Gala | 礼泉 短富 Liquan Fuji | 丽嘎拉 Regal Gala | |||
枝梢叶数—枝梢长Shoot leaf number-shoot length | SLN = aSLNSL + bSLN | aSLN | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.42 | 0.20 | 0 | 1.40 | 0.58 | 0.34 |
bSLN | 6.00 | 6.00 | 6.00 | 8.00 | 4.95 | 8.49 | 10.00 | 6.69 | 7.22 | 9.27 | ||
r2 | ns | ns | ns | ns | 0.86** | 0.72** | ns | 0.66** | 0.93** | 0.93** | ||
枝梢叶面积—枝梢长Shoot leaf area-shoot length | SLA = aSLASL + bSLA | aSLA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12.13 | 10.92 | 9.63 | 23.14 | 37.01 | 15.08 | 13.38 |
bSLA | 56.83 | 96.71 | 111.50 | 149.80 | 122.90 | 149.00 | 134.00 | 122.00 | 151.60 | 214.20 | ||
r2 | ns | ns | ns | 0.55** | 0.78** | 0.75** | 0.43* | 0.49* | 0.90** | 0.87** | ||
叶柄长—叶片长Petiole length- leaf length | PL = aPLLL + bPL | aPL | 0.33 | 0.36 | 0.38 | 0.21 | 0.43 | 0.17 | 0.26 | 0.24 | 0.23 | 0.16 |
bPL | 0.28 | 0.27 | 0.29 | 2.06 | 0.78 | 2.01 | 1.62 | 1.88 | 1.45 | 2.29 | ||
r2 | 0.63** | 0.55* | 0.66** | 0.43* | 0.58** | 0.48* | 0.61** | 0.59** | 0.42* | 0.31* | ||
叶面积—叶长2 Leaf area- leaf length2 | LA = aLALL² | aLA | 0.53 | 0.48 | 0.41 | 0.35 | 0.43 | 0.35 | 0.38 | 0.31 | 0.40 | 0.35 |
r2 | 0.98** | 0.98** | 0.98** | 0.97** | 0.99** | 0.97** | 0.97** | 0.97** | 0.97** | 0.98** | ||
叶宽—叶长 Leaf width- leaf length | LW = aLW LL | aLW | 0.76 | 0.69 | 0.61 | 0.52 | 0.62 | 0.54 | 0.58 | 0.50 | 0.58 | 0.53 |
r2 | 0.99** | 0.99** | 0.98** | 0.98** | 0.99** | 0.98** | 0.97** | 0.97** | 0.97** | 0.98** |
品种 Cultivar | 枝梢类型 Shoot type | 实测叶倾角 Measured value | Beta方程参数及叶倾角估计值 Coefficients and estimates of Beta quation | 叶倾角类型 Leaf inclination type | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
平均值/º Mean value | 标准误 Standar deviation | μ | ν | 平均值/º Mean value | 标准误 Standard deviation | |||
礼泉短富 | 果台Bourse | 44.26 a | 21.54 | 1.70 | 1.65 | 44.22 | 24.72 | 斜生叶Plagiophile |
Liquan | 果台长副梢Bourse long shoot | 35.11 c | 19.21 | 2.58 | 1.65 | 35.08 | 20.60 | 水平叶Planophile |
Fuji | 果台短副梢Bourse short shoot | 38.45 b | 22.19 | 1.73 | 1.29 | 38.41 | 18.51 | 水平叶Planophile |
营养长枝Vegetative long shoot | 27.96 e | 15.40 | 4.35 | 1.96 | 27.93 | 21.86 | 水平叶Planophile | |
营养短枝Vegetative short shoot | 32.89 d | 18.40 | 2.86 | 1.81 | 32.85 | 21.92 | 水平叶Planophile | |
丽嘎拉 | 果台Bourse | 43.19 a | 19.45 | 2.26 | 2.08 | 43.14 | 20.90 | 斜生叶Plagiophile |
Regal | 果台长副梢Bourse long shoot | 34.05 c | 16.78 | 3.58 | 2.18 | 34.01 | 18.42 | 水平叶Planophile |
Gala | 果台短副梢Bourse short shoot | 35.22 c | 17.60 | 3.18 | 2.05 | 35.19 | 20.74 | 水平叶Planophile |
营养长枝Vegetative long shoot | 30.79 d | 16.00 | 4.02 | 2.09 | 30.75 | 20.18 | 水平叶Planophile | |
营养短枝Vegetative short shoot | 32.20 d | 17.43 | 3.29 | 1.83 | 32.16 | 21.61 | 水平叶Planophile |
Table 2 Means and standard deviations for leaf inclination and estimates of two-parameters Beta equation for all shoot types in‘Liquan Fuji’and‘Regal Gala’apple trees,respectively
品种 Cultivar | 枝梢类型 Shoot type | 实测叶倾角 Measured value | Beta方程参数及叶倾角估计值 Coefficients and estimates of Beta quation | 叶倾角类型 Leaf inclination type | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
平均值/º Mean value | 标准误 Standar deviation | μ | ν | 平均值/º Mean value | 标准误 Standard deviation | |||
礼泉短富 | 果台Bourse | 44.26 a | 21.54 | 1.70 | 1.65 | 44.22 | 24.72 | 斜生叶Plagiophile |
Liquan | 果台长副梢Bourse long shoot | 35.11 c | 19.21 | 2.58 | 1.65 | 35.08 | 20.60 | 水平叶Planophile |
Fuji | 果台短副梢Bourse short shoot | 38.45 b | 22.19 | 1.73 | 1.29 | 38.41 | 18.51 | 水平叶Planophile |
营养长枝Vegetative long shoot | 27.96 e | 15.40 | 4.35 | 1.96 | 27.93 | 21.86 | 水平叶Planophile | |
营养短枝Vegetative short shoot | 32.89 d | 18.40 | 2.86 | 1.81 | 32.85 | 21.92 | 水平叶Planophile | |
丽嘎拉 | 果台Bourse | 43.19 a | 19.45 | 2.26 | 2.08 | 43.14 | 20.90 | 斜生叶Plagiophile |
Regal | 果台长副梢Bourse long shoot | 34.05 c | 16.78 | 3.58 | 2.18 | 34.01 | 18.42 | 水平叶Planophile |
Gala | 果台短副梢Bourse short shoot | 35.22 c | 17.60 | 3.18 | 2.05 | 35.19 | 20.74 | 水平叶Planophile |
营养长枝Vegetative long shoot | 30.79 d | 16.00 | 4.02 | 2.09 | 30.75 | 20.18 | 水平叶Planophile | |
营养短枝Vegetative short shoot | 32.20 d | 17.43 | 3.29 | 1.83 | 32.16 | 21.61 | 水平叶Planophile |
Fig. 3 Representations of 3D virtual shoot for vegetative long shoot,vegetative short shoot,bourse long shoot,bourse short shoot and bourse at shoot scale and modeled canopy net photosynthesis rate based on 3D virtual canopies for‘Liquan Fuji’ and‘Regal Gala’apple trees,respectively
Fig. 4 Comparisons between simulated shoot leaf number,shoot leaf area and shoot silhouette to total area ratio(STAR)from virtual shoots and those values from observed data for all shoot types in‘Liquan Fuji’and‘Regal Gala’apple trees,respectively Tittles for y-axes for figure d,i and o were simulated values.
品种 Cultivar | 树高/cm Tree Height | 干周/cm Trunk circumstance | 叶面积/m2 Leaf area | 叶面积指数/ (m2 · m-2) LAI | 叶面积密度/(m2 · m-3)Leaf area density | 叶片分散度 Leaf dispersion | 单株枝量 Shoot number per tree |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
礼泉短富Liquan Fuji | 310.00 ± 8.15 a | 32.75 ± 2.87 a | 24.74 ± 2.74 a | 4.22 ± 0.191 a | 4.73 ± 0.22 a | 0.44 ± 0.02 a | 1 099 ± 119 a |
丽嘎拉 Regal Gala | 314.00 ± 6.26 a | 27.73 ± 2.36 b | 24.41 ± 3.27 a | 4.17 ± 0.114 a | 4.65 ± 0.21 a | 0.48 ± 0.03 b | 805 ± 120 b |
Table 3 Summary of canopy structural parameters for‘Liquan Fuji’and‘Regal Gala’apple trees,respectively
品种 Cultivar | 树高/cm Tree Height | 干周/cm Trunk circumstance | 叶面积/m2 Leaf area | 叶面积指数/ (m2 · m-2) LAI | 叶面积密度/(m2 · m-3)Leaf area density | 叶片分散度 Leaf dispersion | 单株枝量 Shoot number per tree |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
礼泉短富Liquan Fuji | 310.00 ± 8.15 a | 32.75 ± 2.87 a | 24.74 ± 2.74 a | 4.22 ± 0.191 a | 4.73 ± 0.22 a | 0.44 ± 0.02 a | 1 099 ± 119 a |
丽嘎拉 Regal Gala | 314.00 ± 6.26 a | 27.73 ± 2.36 b | 24.41 ± 3.27 a | 4.17 ± 0.114 a | 4.65 ± 0.21 a | 0.48 ± 0.03 b | 805 ± 120 b |
Fig. 6 Fractions of shoots number for each shoot type for‘Liquan Fuji’and‘Regal Gala’apple trees,respectively P value was obtained from Chi-square test. Different lowercase letters for the same shoot type indicate significant differences between two cultivars at 0.05 level.
品种 Cultivar | STAR值 Silhouette to total area ratio | 冠层净光合速率/(mmol · CO2 · m-2 · d-1) Canopy net photosynthesis rate | 冠层日光合量/(mol · CO2 · d-1) Canopy daily total photosynthesis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
晴天 Sunny day | 阴天 Cloudy day | 晴天Sunny day | 阴天Cloudy day | ||
礼泉短富 Liquan Fuji | 0.25 ± 0.01 a | 185.41 ± 8.12 b | 32.05 ± 8.24 b | 4.91 ± 0.24 b | 0.83 ± 0.14 b |
丽嘎拉 Regal Gala | 0.26 ± 0.01 a | 202.83 ± 0.33 a | 79.11 ± 0.72 a | 5.49 ± 0.62 a | 2.15 ± 0.23 a |
Table 4 Canopy silhouette to total area ratio(STAR),canopy photosynthesis rate and canopy daily photosynthesis in sunny and cloudy days for‘Liquan Fuji’and‘Regal Gala’apple trees,respectively
品种 Cultivar | STAR值 Silhouette to total area ratio | 冠层净光合速率/(mmol · CO2 · m-2 · d-1) Canopy net photosynthesis rate | 冠层日光合量/(mol · CO2 · d-1) Canopy daily total photosynthesis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
晴天 Sunny day | 阴天 Cloudy day | 晴天Sunny day | 阴天Cloudy day | ||
礼泉短富 Liquan Fuji | 0.25 ± 0.01 a | 185.41 ± 8.12 b | 32.05 ± 8.24 b | 4.91 ± 0.24 b | 0.83 ± 0.14 b |
丽嘎拉 Regal Gala | 0.26 ± 0.01 a | 202.83 ± 0.33 a | 79.11 ± 0.72 a | 5.49 ± 0.62 a | 2.15 ± 0.23 a |
Fig. 7 Relative changes of canopy silhouette to total area ratio(STAR)and net photosynthesis rate and total photosynthesis under sunny and cloudy conditions,by modifying relative fractions between bourse shoots and vegetative shoots, for‘Liquan Fuji’and‘Regal Gala’,respectively
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