Simulation Analysis of Effects of Shoot Type Composition on Canopy Light Interception Efficiency and Photosynthetic Productivity in Apple Trees

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-1051

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (4): 709-722.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-1051

• Research Papers • Next Articles

Simulation Analysis of Effects of Shoot Type Composition on Canopy Light Interception Efficiency and Photosynthetic Productivity in Apple Trees

ZHANG Xiaoyun¹, TANG Yuwei¹, WANG Kai¹, ZHANG Dong²^,^*(), YANG Weiwei¹^,^*()

1. The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization in Xinjiang Production and Construction Group,College of Agriculture,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China
2. The Yangling Subsidiary Center Project of the National Apple Improvement Center,College of Horticulture,Northwest A & F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China

Received:2021-11-05 Revised:2022-01-29 Online:2022-04-25 Published:2022-04-24
Contact: ZHANG Dong,YANG Weiwei E-mail:afant@nwsuaf.edu.cn;yangww@shzu.edu.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

This research was conducted to study the effects of shoot types and their relative fractions on canopy light interception and photosynthetic capacities in both short-shoot-type‘Liquan Fuji’and long-shoot-type‘Regal Gala’apple trees. Three-dimensional（3D）virtual shoots for all shoot types and 3D virtual canopies for each cultivar were reconstructed by combining 3D digitizing and shoot- and leaf-scale allometric relationships. The RATP functional-structural plant model was used to estimate canopy photosynthetic productivity. The effects of relative fraction of bourse shoots and vegetative shoots on canopy light interception and photosynthetic productivity were investigated by in silico virtual experiments. The results showed that the reconstructed 3D virtual shoots had similar shoot leaf number and shoot leaf area compared to observed shoots in field,but the light interception efficiency was underestimated. The two-parameter Beta function was able to accurately describe the leaf inclination distribution for all shoot types. The leaf inclination of bourse leaves belonged to plagiophile and the leaves of other shoot types belonged to planophile. The higher internode length and leaf inclination angle for leaves of bourse and bourse shoots led to 8%-14% higher light interception efficiency compared to vegetative shoots. The ‘Liquan Fuji’had higher leaf dispersion than that of‘Regal Gala’,but with similar light interception efficiency. The canopy net photosynthetic rate and daily photosynthesis in‘Regal Gala’were higher than that of‘Liquan Fuji’regardless of under sunny or cloudy climate conditions. An increase in the fraction of bourse shoot increased the canopy light interception efficiency for both cultivars,and increased the canopy net photosynthetic rate and the total photosynthesis for‘Liquan Fuji’,exclusively under cloudy conditions. In summary,at the shoot scale,the leafy shoots developed from the flower buds have a significantly higher light interception than those developed from vegetative buds. At the canopy scale,increase in flower bud density could improve the canopy light interception efficiency and especially improve the photosynthetic productivity for short-shoot-type apple cultivar under cloudy conditions.

Key words: Malus × domestica, 3D digitizing, leaf inclination, tall spindle training, bourse shoot, 3D virtual plant

CLC Number:

S661.1

ZHANG Xiaoyun, TANG Yuwei, WANG Kai, ZHANG Dong, YANG Weiwei. Simulation Analysis of Effects of Shoot Type Composition on Canopy Light Interception Efficiency and Photosynthetic Productivity in Apple Trees[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(4): 709-722.

Figures/Tables 11

References 39

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变量 Variable	异速生长关系 Allometric relation- ship	系数 Coeffi- cient	枝梢类型和品种Shoot type and cultivar
			果台 Bourse		果台短副梢 Bourse short shoot		果台长副梢 Bourse long shoot		营养短枝 Vegetative short shoot		营养长枝 Vegetative long shoot
			礼泉短富 Liquan Fuji	丽嘎拉Regal Gala	礼泉短富 Liquan Fuji	丽嘎拉 Regal Gala	礼泉短富 Liquan Fuji	丽嘎拉 Regal Gala	礼泉短富 Liquan Fuji	丽嘎拉 Regal Gala	礼泉短富 Liquan Fuji	丽嘎拉 Regal Gala
枝梢叶数—枝梢长Shoot leaf number-shoot length	SLN = a_SLNSL + b_SLN	a_SLN	0	0	0	0	0.42	0.20	0	1.40	0.58	0.34
		b_SLN	6.00	6.00	6.00	8.00	4.95	8.49	10.00	6.69	7.22	9.27
		r²	ns	ns	ns	ns	0.86^**	0.72^**	ns	0.66^**	0.93^**	0.93^**
枝梢叶面积—枝梢长Shoot leaf area-shoot length	SLA = a_SLASL + b_SLA	a_SLA	0	0	0	12.13	10.92	9.63	23.14	37.01	15.08	13.38
		b_SLA	56.83	96.71	111.50	149.80	122.90	149.00	134.00	122.00	151.60	214.20
		r²	ns	ns	ns	0.55^**	0.78^**	0.75^**	0.43^*	0.49^*	0.90^**	0.87^**
叶柄长—叶片长Petiole length- leaf length	PL = a_PLLL + b_PL	a_PL	0.33	0.36	0.38	0.21	0.43	0.17	0.26	0.24	0.23	0.16
		b_PL	0.28	0.27	0.29	2.06	0.78	2.01	1.62	1.88	1.45	2.29
		r²	0.63^**	0.55^*	0.66^**	0.43^*	0.58^**	0.48^*	0.61^**	0.59^**	0.42^*	0.31^*
叶面积—叶长² Leaf area- leaf length²	LA = a_LALL²	a_LA	0.53	0.48	0.41	0.35	0.43	0.35	0.38	0.31	0.40	0.35
叶面积—叶长² Leaf area- leaf length²	LA = a_LALL²	r²	0.98^**	0.98^**	0.98^**	0.97^**	0.99^**	0.97^**	0.97^**	0.97^**	0.97^**	0.98^**
叶宽—叶长 Leaf width- leaf length	LW = a_LW LL	a_LW	0.76	0.69	0.61	0.52	0.62	0.54	0.58	0.50	0.58	0.53
叶宽—叶长 Leaf width- leaf length	LW = a_LW LL	r²	0.99^**	0.99^**	0.98^**	0.98^**	0.99^**	0.98^**	0.97^**	0.97^**	0.97^**	0.98^**

变量 Variable	异速生长关系 Allometric relation- ship	系数 Coeffi- cient	枝梢类型和品种Shoot type and cultivar
			果台 Bourse		果台短副梢 Bourse short shoot		果台长副梢 Bourse long shoot		营养短枝 Vegetative short shoot		营养长枝 Vegetative long shoot
			礼泉短富 Liquan Fuji	丽嘎拉Regal Gala	礼泉短富 Liquan Fuji	丽嘎拉 Regal Gala	礼泉短富 Liquan Fuji	丽嘎拉 Regal Gala	礼泉短富 Liquan Fuji	丽嘎拉 Regal Gala	礼泉短富 Liquan Fuji	丽嘎拉 Regal Gala
枝梢叶数—枝梢长Shoot leaf number-shoot length	SLN = a_SLNSL + b_SLN	a_SLN	0	0	0	0	0.42	0.20	0	1.40	0.58	0.34
		b_SLN	6.00	6.00	6.00	8.00	4.95	8.49	10.00	6.69	7.22	9.27
		r²	ns	ns	ns	ns	0.86^**	0.72^**	ns	0.66^**	0.93^**	0.93^**
枝梢叶面积—枝梢长Shoot leaf area-shoot length	SLA = a_SLASL + b_SLA	a_SLA	0	0	0	12.13	10.92	9.63	23.14	37.01	15.08	13.38
		b_SLA	56.83	96.71	111.50	149.80	122.90	149.00	134.00	122.00	151.60	214.20
		r²	ns	ns	ns	0.55^**	0.78^**	0.75^**	0.43^*	0.49^*	0.90^**	0.87^**
叶柄长—叶片长Petiole length- leaf length	PL = a_PLLL + b_PL	a_PL	0.33	0.36	0.38	0.21	0.43	0.17	0.26	0.24	0.23	0.16
		b_PL	0.28	0.27	0.29	2.06	0.78	2.01	1.62	1.88	1.45	2.29
		r²	0.63^**	0.55^*	0.66^**	0.43^*	0.58^**	0.48^*	0.61^**	0.59^**	0.42^*	0.31^*
叶面积—叶长² Leaf area- leaf length²	LA = a_LALL²	a_LA	0.53	0.48	0.41	0.35	0.43	0.35	0.38	0.31	0.40	0.35
叶面积—叶长² Leaf area- leaf length²	LA = a_LALL²	r²	0.98^**	0.98^**	0.98^**	0.97^**	0.99^**	0.97^**	0.97^**	0.97^**	0.97^**	0.98^**
叶宽—叶长 Leaf width- leaf length	LW = a_LW LL	a_LW	0.76	0.69	0.61	0.52	0.62	0.54	0.58	0.50	0.58	0.53
叶宽—叶长 Leaf width- leaf length	LW = a_LW LL	r²	0.99^**	0.99^**	0.98^**	0.98^**	0.99^**	0.98^**	0.97^**	0.97^**	0.97^**	0.98^**

品种 Cultivar	枝梢类型 Shoot type	实测叶倾角 Measured value		Beta方程参数及叶倾角估计值 Coefficients and estimates of Beta quation				叶倾角类型 Leaf inclination type
品种 Cultivar	枝梢类型 Shoot type	平均值/º Mean value	标准误 Standar deviation	μ	ν	平均值/º Mean value	标准误 Standard deviation	叶倾角类型 Leaf inclination type
礼泉短富	果台Bourse	44.26 a	21.54	1.70	1.65	44.22	24.72	斜生叶Plagiophile
Liquan	果台长副梢Bourse long shoot	35.11 c	19.21	2.58	1.65	35.08	20.60	水平叶Planophile
Fuji	果台短副梢Bourse short shoot	38.45 b	22.19	1.73	1.29	38.41	18.51	水平叶Planophile
	营养长枝Vegetative long shoot	27.96 e	15.40	4.35	1.96	27.93	21.86	水平叶Planophile
	营养短枝Vegetative short shoot	32.89 d	18.40	2.86	1.81	32.85	21.92	水平叶Planophile
丽嘎拉	果台Bourse	43.19 a	19.45	2.26	2.08	43.14	20.90	斜生叶Plagiophile
Regal	果台长副梢Bourse long shoot	34.05 c	16.78	3.58	2.18	34.01	18.42	水平叶Planophile
Gala	果台短副梢Bourse short shoot	35.22 c	17.60	3.18	2.05	35.19	20.74	水平叶Planophile
	营养长枝Vegetative long shoot	30.79 d	16.00	4.02	2.09	30.75	20.18	水平叶Planophile
	营养短枝Vegetative short shoot	32.20 d	17.43	3.29	1.83	32.16	21.61	水平叶Planophile

品种 Cultivar	枝梢类型 Shoot type	实测叶倾角 Measured value		Beta方程参数及叶倾角估计值 Coefficients and estimates of Beta quation				叶倾角类型 Leaf inclination type
品种 Cultivar	枝梢类型 Shoot type	平均值/º Mean value	标准误 Standar deviation	μ	ν	平均值/º Mean value	标准误 Standard deviation	叶倾角类型 Leaf inclination type
礼泉短富	果台Bourse	44.26 a	21.54	1.70	1.65	44.22	24.72	斜生叶Plagiophile
Liquan	果台长副梢Bourse long shoot	35.11 c	19.21	2.58	1.65	35.08	20.60	水平叶Planophile
Fuji	果台短副梢Bourse short shoot	38.45 b	22.19	1.73	1.29	38.41	18.51	水平叶Planophile
	营养长枝Vegetative long shoot	27.96 e	15.40	4.35	1.96	27.93	21.86	水平叶Planophile
	营养短枝Vegetative short shoot	32.89 d	18.40	2.86	1.81	32.85	21.92	水平叶Planophile
丽嘎拉	果台Bourse	43.19 a	19.45	2.26	2.08	43.14	20.90	斜生叶Plagiophile
Regal	果台长副梢Bourse long shoot	34.05 c	16.78	3.58	2.18	34.01	18.42	水平叶Planophile
Gala	果台短副梢Bourse short shoot	35.22 c	17.60	3.18	2.05	35.19	20.74	水平叶Planophile
	营养长枝Vegetative long shoot	30.79 d	16.00	4.02	2.09	30.75	20.18	水平叶Planophile
	营养短枝Vegetative short shoot	32.20 d	17.43	3.29	1.83	32.16	21.61	水平叶Planophile

品种 Cultivar	树高/cm Tree Height	干周/cm Trunk circumstance	叶面积/m² Leaf area	叶面积指数/ （m² · m^-2） LAI	叶面积密度/（m² · m^-3）Leaf area density	叶片分散度 Leaf dispersion	单株枝量 Shoot number per tree
礼泉短富Liquan Fuji	310.00 ± 8.15 a	32.75 ± 2.87 a	24.74 ± 2.74 a	4.22 ± 0.191 a	4.73 ± 0.22 a	0.44 ± 0.02 a	1 099 ± 119 a
丽嘎拉 Regal Gala	314.00 ± 6.26 a	27.73 ± 2.36 b	24.41 ± 3.27 a	4.17 ± 0.114 a	4.65 ± 0.21 a	0.48 ± 0.03 b	805 ± 120 b

Simulation Analysis of Effects of Shoot Type Composition on Canopy Light Interception Efficiency and Photosynthetic Productivity in Apple Trees

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品种 Cultivar	STAR值 Silhouette to total area ratio	冠层净光合速率/（mmol · CO₂ · m^-2 · d^-1） Canopy net photosynthesis rate		冠层日光合量/（mol · CO₂ · d^-1） Canopy daily total photosynthesis
品种 Cultivar	STAR值 Silhouette to total area ratio	晴天 Sunny day	阴天 Cloudy day	晴天Sunny day	阴天Cloudy day
礼泉短富 Liquan Fuji	0.25 ± 0.01 a	185.41 ± 8.12 b	32.05 ± 8.24 b	4.91 ± 0.24 b	0.83 ± 0.14 b
丽嘎拉 Regal Gala	0.26 ± 0.01 a	202.83 ± 0.33 a	79.11 ± 0.72 a	5.49 ± 0.62 a	2.15 ± 0.23 a

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