Genetic Diversity of 569 Fruit Mulberry Germplasm Resources Based on Eight Agronomic Traits

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0931

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (12): 2375-2384.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0931

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Genetic Diversity of 569 Fruit Mulberry Germplasm Resources Based on Eight Agronomic Traits

WANG Zhenjiang¹^,², LUO Guoqing¹, DAI Fanwei¹^,², XIAO Gengsheng¹, LIN Sen¹, LI Zhiyi¹, TANG Cuiming¹^,²^,^*()

¹Sericulture & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510610,China
²Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangzhou 510610,China

Received:2021-06-10 Revised:2021-08-20 Published:2022-01-04
Contact: TANG Cuiming E-mail:tangcuiming@126.com

Abstract

Abstract:

In this study,569 mulberry germplasm resources of nine mulberry species（Morus atropurpurea Roxb.,M. alba L.,M. multicaulis Perr.,M. rotundiloba Koidz.,M. australis Poir,M. mallotifolia Koidz.,M. serrata Rox.,M. celtidifolia Kunth.,M.cathayana Hemsl.）were rated and evaluated by selecting eight important agronomic traits,which were plant height,shoot-sprouting number,internodal distance,bud number of per meter branch,fruits-set number per meter branch,percentage of fruits-set,fruit number per meter branch and fruit number per bud. Based on the rating data of agronomic traits,569 mulberry germplasm resources were identified and evaluated by variation analysis,correlation analysis,principal component analysis,cluster analysis and discriminant analysis. The results of variation analysis showed that these mulberry germplasm resources had relatively rich genetic diversity,and the variation coefficients of the eight agronomic traits ranged from 33.41% to 49.24%,among which the largest coefficient of variation was the number of fruits per meter branch and the smallest was plant height. The genetic diversity index of these 8 agronomic traits ranged from 1.26 to 1.79,which was the highest internode length. The correlation analysis showed that shoot-sprouting number was significantly positively correlated with fruits-set number per meter branch,percentage of fruits-set,fruit number per meter branch and the number of fruit number per bud. Principal component analysis of these eight agronomic traits showed that the additive contributing rate of first three principal components was 80.367%. Based on principal component results,569 mulberry germplasm resources were divided into 5 groups by cluster analysis. 113 germplasm with good agronomic traits were selected,accounting for 19.86% of all primes. Therefore the fruit mulberry germplasm resources of the group 5,such as TAI1,JP2,BR60,Ding50,YY201 and QM1,can be used as materials for breeding superior fruit mulberry cultivars.

Key words: mulberry, fruit use, germplasm resource, agronomic trait, genetic diversity, principal component analysis, cluster analysis

CLC Number:

S663.9

WANG Zhenjiang, LUO Guoqing, DAI Fanwei, XIAO Gengsheng, LIN Sen, LI Zhiyi, TANG Cuiming. Genetic Diversity of 569 Fruit Mulberry Germplasm Resources Based on Eight Agronomic Traits[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(12): 2375-2384.

Figures/Tables 10

References 21

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代号 No.	性状 Trait	范围 Range	分级 Rank	频率/% Frequency
X1	株高 Plant height	矮Short	1	5.8
		较矮 Little short	2	16.3
		中 Middle	3	26.9
		较高 Little tall	4	31.6
		高 Tall	5	19.3
X2	发条数量 Shoot-sprouting number	少（无）Few or without	1	13.2
		较少 Little few	2	37.1
		较多 Little more	3	37.6
		多 More	4	12.1
X3	节间长度/cm Internodal distance	> 6.04	1	15.3
		5.65 < X3 ≤ 6.04	2	16.7
		5.26 < X3 ≤ 5.65	3	18.1
		4.87 < X3 ≤ 5.26	4	20.0
		4.48 < X3 ≤ 4.87	5	14.1
		≤ 4.48	6	15.8
X4	每米枝条总芽数	≤ 20.82	1	12.3
	Bud number of per meter branch	20.82 < X4 ≤ 23.61	2	10.9
		23.61 < X4 ≤ 26.40	3	31.1
		26.40 < X4 ≤ 29.19	4	21.4
		29.19 < X4 ≤ 1.98	5	12.1
		> 31.98	6	12.1
代号 No.	性状 Trait	范围 Range	分级 Rank	频率/% Frequency
X5	每米枝条坐果芽数 Fruit-set number per meter branch	≤ 13.96	1	17.2
		13.96 < X5 ≤ 17.15	2	8.1
		17.15 < X5 ≤ 20.34	3	17.9
		20.34 < X5 ≤ 23.53	4	23.9
		23.53 < X5≤ 26.72	5	18.8
		> 26.72	6	14.1
X6	坐果率/% Percentage of fruit-set	≤ 0.57	1	16.3
		0.57 < X6 ≤ 0.67	2	8.60
		0.67 < X6 ≤ 0.77	3	11.4
		0.77 < X6 ≤ 0.87	4	19.2
		0.87 < X6 ≤ 0.97	5	31.6
		> 0.97	6	12.8
X7	每米枝条坐果粒数 Fruit number per meter branch	≤ 40.10	1	18.1
		40.10 < X7 ≤ 62.97	2	14.6
		62.97 < X7 ≤ 85.84	3	19.5
		85.84 < X7 ≤ 108.71	4	18.3
		108.71 < X7 ≤ 131.58	5	14.1
		> 131.58	6	15.5
X8	单芽坐果数/粒 Fruit number per bud	≤ 1.60	1	17.2
		1.60 < X8 ≤ 2.44	2	14.6
		2.44 < X8 ≤ 3.28	3	18.6
		3.28 < X8 ≤ 4.12	4	19.7
		4.12 < X8 ≤ 4.96	5	16.3
		> 4.96	6	13.5

代号 No.	性状 Trait	范围 Range	分级 Rank	频率/% Frequency
X1	株高 Plant height	矮Short	1	5.8
		较矮 Little short	2	16.3
		中 Middle	3	26.9
		较高 Little tall	4	31.6
		高 Tall	5	19.3
X2	发条数量 Shoot-sprouting number	少（无）Few or without	1	13.2
		较少 Little few	2	37.1
		较多 Little more	3	37.6
		多 More	4	12.1
X3	节间长度/cm Internodal distance	> 6.04	1	15.3
		5.65 < X3 ≤ 6.04	2	16.7
		5.26 < X3 ≤ 5.65	3	18.1
		4.87 < X3 ≤ 5.26	4	20.0
		4.48 < X3 ≤ 4.87	5	14.1
		≤ 4.48	6	15.8
X4	每米枝条总芽数	≤ 20.82	1	12.3
	Bud number of per meter branch	20.82 < X4 ≤ 23.61	2	10.9
		23.61 < X4 ≤ 26.40	3	31.1
		26.40 < X4 ≤ 29.19	4	21.4
		29.19 < X4 ≤ 1.98	5	12.1
		> 31.98	6	12.1
代号 No.	性状 Trait	范围 Range	分级 Rank	频率/% Frequency
X5	每米枝条坐果芽数 Fruit-set number per meter branch	≤ 13.96	1	17.2
		13.96 < X5 ≤ 17.15	2	8.1
		17.15 < X5 ≤ 20.34	3	17.9
		20.34 < X5 ≤ 23.53	4	23.9
		23.53 < X5≤ 26.72	5	18.8
		> 26.72	6	14.1
X6	坐果率/% Percentage of fruit-set	≤ 0.57	1	16.3
		0.57 < X6 ≤ 0.67	2	8.60
		0.67 < X6 ≤ 0.77	3	11.4
		0.77 < X6 ≤ 0.87	4	19.2
		0.87 < X6 ≤ 0.97	5	31.6
		> 0.97	6	12.8
X7	每米枝条坐果粒数 Fruit number per meter branch	≤ 40.10	1	18.1
		40.10 < X7 ≤ 62.97	2	14.6
		62.97 < X7 ≤ 85.84	3	19.5
		85.84 < X7 ≤ 108.71	4	18.3
		108.71 < X7 ≤ 131.58	5	14.1
		> 131.58	6	15.5
X8	单芽坐果数/粒 Fruit number per bud	≤ 1.60	1	17.2
		1.60 < X8 ≤ 2.44	2	14.6
		2.44 < X8 ≤ 3.28	3	18.6
		3.28 < X8 ≤ 4.12	4	19.7
		4.12 < X8 ≤ 4.96	5	16.3
		> 4.96	6	13.5

种（数量） Species（Number）	X1	X2	X3	X4	X5	X6	X7	X8	均值 Mean
白桑（13） M. alba L.	1.44	1.06	1.27	1.42	1.41	1.67	1.59	1.52	1.42
广东桑（521） M. atropurpurea Roxb.	1.50	1.26	1.78	1.68	1.74	1.69	1.78	1.78	1.65
鲁桑（9） M. multicaulis Perr.	1.15	1.27	1.00	0.85	1.52	1.27	1.52	1.21	1.28
鸡桑（7） M. australis Poir	1.00	0.60	1.28	0.68	1.28	1.00	1.55	1.28	1.08
暹逻桑（8） M. rotundiloba Koidz.	1.07	0.66	1.26	1.08	0.66	1.08	1.04	0.97	0.98
马陆桑（6） M. mallotifolia Koidz.	1.01	1.10	1.01	1.01	1.10	1.56	1.10	1.28	1.15
印度桑（3） M. serrata Rox.	0.64	0	0.64	0	0.64	0.64	0	0.64	0.40
朴桑（1） M. celtidifolia Kunth.	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
华桑（1） M. cathayana Hemsl.	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

种（数量） Species（Number）	X1	X2	X3	X4	X5	X6	X7	X8	均值 Mean
白桑（13） M. alba L.	1.44	1.06	1.27	1.42	1.41	1.67	1.59	1.52	1.42
广东桑（521） M. atropurpurea Roxb.	1.50	1.26	1.78	1.68	1.74	1.69	1.78	1.78	1.65
鲁桑（9） M. multicaulis Perr.	1.15	1.27	1.00	0.85	1.52	1.27	1.52	1.21	1.28
鸡桑（7） M. australis Poir	1.00	0.60	1.28	0.68	1.28	1.00	1.55	1.28	1.08
暹逻桑（8） M. rotundiloba Koidz.	1.07	0.66	1.26	1.08	0.66	1.08	1.04	0.97	0.98
马陆桑（6） M. mallotifolia Koidz.	1.01	1.10	1.01	1.01	1.10	1.56	1.10	1.28	1.15
印度桑（3） M. serrata Rox.	0.64	0	0.64	0	0.64	0.64	0	0.64	0.40
朴桑（1） M. celtidifolia Kunth.	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
华桑（1） M. cathayana Hemsl.	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

性状 Trait	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数/% CV	F	遗传多样性 H
株高 Plant height	3.42	1.14	33.41	2.255	1.50
发条数量 Shoot-sprouting number	2.49	0.87	34.99	1.520	1.26
节间长度/cm Internodal distance	3.48	1.65	47.49	3.308	1.79
每米枝条总芽数 Bud number of per meter branch	3.47	1.48	42.59	3.764^*	1.70
每米枝条坐果芽数 Fruit-set number per meter branch	3.61	1.63	45.13	8.045^*	1.75
坐果率/% Percentage of fruit-set	3.80	1.65	43.46	8.244^*	1.70
每米枝条坐果粒数 Fruit number per meter branch	3.42	1.68	49.24	2.635	1.78
单芽坐果数/粒 Fruit number per bud	3.44	1.65	47.91	3.648	1.78

Genetic Diversity of 569 Fruit Mulberry Germplasm Resources Based on Eight Agronomic Traits

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性状 Trait	X1	X2	X3	X4	X5	X6	X7
X2	0.210^**
X3	-0.192^**	-0.237^**
X4	0.049	-0.036	0.515^**
X5	-0.038	0.127^**	0.204^**	0.496^**
X6	-0.093^*	0.161^**	-0.122^**	-0.056	0.752^**
X7	-0.146^**	0.119^**	0.131^**	0.326^**	0.817^**	0.723^**
X8	-0.173^**	0.139^**	-0.024	0.052	0.692^**	0.809^**	0.920^**

主成分 Principal component	特征值 Eigenvalue	方差贡献率/% Variance contribution rate	累积贡献率/% Accumulative contribution rate
PC1	3.485	43.562	43.562
PC2	1.723	21.532	65.094
PC3	1.222	15.273	80.367
PC4	0.730	9.122	89.489
PC5	0.432	5.397	94.886
PC6	0.301	3.764	98.650
PC7	0.080	0.997	99.647
PC8	0.028	0.353	100.000

性状 Trait	主成分特征向量 Eigenvector of the principal component
性状 Trait	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC5	PC6	PC7	PC8
每米枝条坐果粒数（X7） Fruit number per meter branch	0.954	0.022	-0.020	-0.024	-0.024	0.264	-0.078	0.110
每米枝条坐果芽数（X5） Fruit-set number per meter branch	0.914	0.151	0.175	-0.070	-0.097	-0.252	-0.174	0.053
单芽坐果数（X8） Fruit number per bud	0.911	-0.212	-0.168	-0.037	0.087	0.267	0.071	0.105
坐果率（6） Percentage of fruit-set	0.853	-0.335	-0.129	-0.119	0.114	-0.303	0.149	-0.047
节间长度（X3） Average internodal distance	0.139	0.851	0.007	0.145	0.484	-0.220	0.002	-0.001
每米枝条总芽数（X4） Bud number of per meter branch	0.331	0.738	0.454	0.430	-0.348	0.023	0.126	0.002
株高（X1） Plant length	-0.155	-0.231	0.792	-0.504	0.196	0.061	0.002	0.001
发条数量（X2） Shoot-sprouting number	0.168	-0.468	0.560	0.658	0.081	-0.007	0.002	-0.001

类群（数量） Group（Number）	各性状原始分级数据平均值 Average of primary grade data								平均综合得分 Average of comprehensive score
类群（数量） Group（Number）	X1	X2	X3	X4	X5	X6	X7	X8	平均综合得分 Average of comprehensive score
1（7）	2.00	1.43	2.71	1.14	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	-1.17
2（102）	3.25	2.32	3.17	2.40	1.26	1.70	1.24	1.43	-0.75
3（208）	3.50	2.31	3.28	3.21	3.15	3.70	2.84	3.08	-0.15
4（139）	3.35	2.53	3.36	3.76	4.62	4.70	4.46	4.43	0.30
5（113）	3.63	2.98	4.35	4.70	5.53	4.95	5.35	4.87	0.67

类群 Group	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ	小计（份） Total（piece）	正确率/% Accuracy
Ⅰ	7	0	0	0	0	7	100.0
Ⅱ	6	97	0	0	0	103	94.2
Ⅲ	0	11	178	19	0	208	85.6
Ⅳ	0	0	0	137	1	138	99.3
Ⅴ	0	0	0	8	105	113	93.8
平均 Average							92.3

种质资源 Germplasm	株高 Plant height	发条数量 Shoot- sprouting number	节间长度/cm Internode length	每米枝条总芽数/个 Total number of shoots per meter branch	每米枝条坐果芽数/个 Number of fruit buds per meter branch	坐果率/% Fruit setting rate	每米枝条坐果粒数/个 Number of fruit per meter branch	单芽坐果数/个 Number of single bud fruit	综合得分 Comprehensive score
TAI1	高High	多 More	6.08	31.33	26.83	85.64	123.33	3.94	1.18
JP2	高High	多 More	5.27	32.17	25.00	77.71	132.33	4.11	1.10
BR60	高High	多 More	5.20	31.83	27.00	84.83	122.17	3.84	0.97
Ding50	高High	多 More	5.75	26.67	25.00	93.74	110.83	4.16	0.97
YY201	高High	多 More	4.97	29.00	25.00	86.21	115.00	3.92	0.96
QM1	高High	多 More	4.86	34.17	30.50	89.26	170.67	5.00	0.95

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