Abstract:

Taking‘Red Globe’grape as the test material,we sampled the whole plant during its key growth periods in 2017 and 2018,analyzed and determined the content of essential macronutrient elements such as nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium and magnesium,and calculated the absorption of each element at different growth stages. To provide theoretical basis for the rational and precise fertilization of‘Red Globe’,the annual demand characteristics of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium and magnesium of‘Red Globe’grapes were studied. The results showed that the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium,and magnesium of the‘Red Globe’grape plant and various organs behaved an increasing trend with the whole growth process,but there were big differences in the element increase of different organs in different periods. From the perspective of the distribution characteristics of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium,and magnesium in various organs at different growth stages,the plant was given priority to vegetative growth in the early stage of growth,and the nutrients of the leaf and other vegetative organs increase greatly. The vegetative growth and reproductive growth were synchronized and balanced from fruit expansion stage to the harvest stage. The increase in nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium in fruit gradually increased,and the increment of calcium and magnesium in leaf was the largest. After the harvest,the plant began to store nutrients,and the nutrient increase of the stem,perennial shoot and other storage organs was relatively large. From the distribution characteristics of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium,and magnesium of plants at different growth stages,‘Red Globe’grape continuously absorbed various macronutrients throughout the growing season,and the absorption and distribution rules of various elements at different stages were different. The demand for each nutrient is the highest from the end flowering stage to the version stage,the absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium,and magnesium in those stages accounted for 51.36%,53.31%,59.57%,63.92%,63.60%,respectively. The absorption amount of each element in other growth stages was relatively low. From the perspective of the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium,and magnesium in the whole plant,all elements could be absorbed in each growth stage,but the absorption amount at different stages was varied greatly. Therefore,fertilization management in production should be balanced fertilize according to the characteristics of plant nutrient requirements. In this study,the requirements of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium and magnesium for 1 000 kg fruit of‘Red Globe’grape were 4.72,1.91,4.98,5.41 and 1.23 kg,respectively.

Key words: grapevine, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, demand characteristic