Anatomical Observation on Clove Formation and Development of Garlic

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0526

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (7): 1409-1417.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0526

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Anatomical Observation on Clove Formation and Development of Garlic

LIU Zhuoya¹, LIU Xiuhui², JIA Huixia¹, SONG Jiangping¹, LI Xixiang¹, ZHAO Danqi¹, ZHANG Xiaohui¹, YANG Wenlong¹, WANG Haiping¹^,^*()

¹Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in the Ministry of Agriculturen and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China
²Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021,China

Received:2021-06-02 Revised:2021-07-21 Online:2021-07-25 Published:2021-08-10
Contact: WANG Haiping E-mail:wanghaiping@caas.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

In the present study,the process of garlic（Allium sativum）clove development was observed and analyzed through freehand anatomy and paraffin embedded. The morphological observation showed that there were three stages,including the pre-differentiation stage,differentiationstage and expansion stage for clove development before mature. At the pre-differentiation stage,the leaf primordia with typical tunica-corpus structure was formed. At the differentiation stage,small clove formed. The location of small clove formation was related to the location of meristematic cell mass. The internal growth points of the formed scale clove continued to differentiate with the accumulation of clove material. At the expansion stage,the chromosomes in the meristematic nuclei were active,starch grains were accumulated in the meristematic cell mass and the vessels had developed well in xylem. To observe the tissue histochemical changes,PAS staining was carried out on the sections from different parts of the clove at the differentiation stage. The content of sugar granules was rich,the cytoplasm was dense and the staining was dark. The concentration gradient of sugar granules existed between the meristematic cells and their surrounding cells.

Key words: garlic, Allium sativum, clove development, anatomical observation, histochemistry analysis

CLC Number:

S633.4

LIU Zhuoya, LIU Xiuhui, JIA Huixia, SONG Jiangping, LI Xixiang, ZHAO Danqi, ZHANG Xiaohui, YANG Wenlong, WANG Haiping. Anatomical Observation on Clove Formation and Development of Garlic[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(7): 1409-1417.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig.1 Transverse section（below）and vertical section（above）of garlic clove at different development stages T1-T3：Pre-differentiation stage;T4-T6：Differentiation stage;T7-T10：Expansion stage. The same below.

Fig.2 Combination diagram of typical cloves at different developmental stages

Fig.3 Morphogenesis of scale clove at predifferentiation stage A：Outer cell of growth cone;B：Inner cell of growth cone;C：The shoot apical meristem and phyllopodium at the T1 development stage;D：Vascular bundle in plateau at the T2 development stages（red is the vessels,inner cells are meristematic cell mass）;E：Phyllopodium at T3 development stage（red are spiral vessels）;F：mature vascular bundle at T3 development stage（both the vessels and sieve tube）.

Fig.4 The morphogenesis of scale clove at the differentiation stage A：The basal plate transverse section,vascular bundle dispersely distributed;B：Tunica-corpus;C：Tunica cell;D：New differentiate clove.

Fig.5 The morphogenesis of clove at expansion stage A：Clove vertical section;B：Center growth cone of clove;C：Meristem cells;D：Vascular tissue.

Fig.6 Distribution of carbohydrate at differentiation stage A：The plateau transverse section of T5（arrows indicate clove growing point）;B：New clove;C：The shoot apical meristem of small bulb;D：Soluble sugar in meristematic cell mass;E：The distribution of sugar grains in meristem and surrounding cells of first round leaves.（arrows indicate meristematic cell mass）;F：Epidermic cells in different tissues;G：The distribution of sugar grains in meristem and surrounding cells of new clove;H：The cuticle of epidermic cells;I：The distribution of sugar grains in vascular bundle surrounding cells.（arrows indicate meristematic cell mass and sieve tube）.

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Anatomical Observation on Clove Formation and Development of Garlic

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