关键词: 园艺植物, 性染色体进化, 性别决定, 性别分化, MADS-box基因

Abstract:

Sex chromosomes，genes and MADS-box transcription factors are the key genetic factors in the development of individual or organ. In dioecism，sex chromosomes and sex determination genes determine exclusive male or female function and are the material base of heredity. Sex differentiation genes are alternatively expressed in the meristem of floral organs，which regulate the development of unisexual flower development. The ABCDE model of flower development proposes the existence of five types of gene function（A，B，C，D，and E）. It turned out to be mostly genes of this model that encode members of the MADS-box family. Plant MADS-box genes regulate the timing of flower initiation and flower meristem identity，as well as various aspects of ovule，fruit，leaf，and root development. Here，we reviewed the evolutionary mechanism of plant sex chromosomes，the sex chromosomes system in horticultural plants，the localization of linkage groups of sex determination genes，the identification of genes and the research of flower development regulated by MADS-box gene family. For the future elucidation of the regulatory mechanism of sex determination in horticultural plants，numerous key topics were discussed.

Key words: horticultural plant, sex chromosome evolution, sex determination, sex differentiation, MADS-box gene