关键词: triploid, horticultural plant, seedlessness, aneuploid, breeding period

Abstract: To provide reference for horticultural plant breeding by using triploid，application status of triploid in horticultural plant was summarized，and prospects of triploid in horticultural plant breeding were analyzed in this paper. There were various approaches to produce triploid. Approach involving 2n gamete is worthy of attention. A few plants produce 2n gamete highly frequently（more than 80%）naturely or artificially. And frequently genes involved in 2n gamete production were identified. In addition，spontaneous cell fusion and polyspermia had been successfully used to produce triploid plants. Culturing endopolyploidy cell is useful for obtaining tetraploid parent. Besides traditional morphological method and cytogenetic methods，molecular markers such as QF-PCR，SSR，SNP have been used to identify triploid. At present，triploids have been directly applied in more than 40 horticultural plant species. In addtion to seedlessness，high-yielding and strong resistance，high nutrient content and dwarfing，which are the new highlights，have been used in horticultural plant. It is of important meaning that breeding aneuploid to create diverse materials. Excitingly，genome of one parent in triploid hybrid is only 1/3，this could be used to shorten breeding period in hybridization.

Key words: triploid, horticultural plant, seedlessness, aneuploid, breeding period