关键词: 苹果, 土壤养分, 果实矿质元素, 偏最小二乘回归, 优化方案

Abstract: Objective of the experiment is to probe into influence and interrelation of soil nutrient contents on fruit mineral elements of‘Fuji’apple，and to provide respectively theoretical basis in reasonable orchard soil fertilizer application for improving content of mineral elements in Circum-Bohai and Loess Plateau apple production regions in China. The contents of soil nutrient and fruit mineral elements were respectively analyzed at 66 commercial apple orchards with standard rootstock of 22 counties（each county 3 orchards） in Circum-Bohai and Loess Plateau apple production regions from 2011 to 2012. Partial least squares regressions（PLSR）was used to screen major soil nutrient factors affecting fruit mineral elements，and to establish regression equation of relationship between fruit mineral elements and major soil nutrition factors. Linear programming was used to obtain optimum proposals of soil nutrient elements for higher fruit mineral elements. The results showed that alkaline hydrolytic N，available P，Ca，Fe and Zn of soil in Circum-Bohai region were significantly higher than in Loess Plateau apple production region，while pH and available K were significantly lower than those. The contents of‘Fuji’fruit N and P in Circum-Bohai region were significantly higher than those of Loess Plateau region，while Ca，Fe and Zn were significantly lower than those. Soil available Fe in Loess Plateau region，soil available B in Circum-Bohai region were significantly correlated with fruit Fe and B respectively. The Ca content of fruit in Circum-Bohai region were mainly affected by soil organic matter，total N，available Zn，B，Fe and K，and soil available Zn had the biggest positive effect coefficient，while available B and total N had greater negative effect coefficient on fruit Ca. While fruit Ca content in Loess Plateau were mainly affected by soil available P，Zn，organic matter，available Fe and K，and soil available Zn and Fe had greater positive effect coefficient on fruit Ca. Linear programming was used to obtain optimum proposals of soil nutrients for higher fruit mineral elements in two apple producing regions. The key soil nutrient management measures which improving fruit Ca content in Circum-Bohai apple region are the reduction of soil total N and alkaline hydrolytic N，increased available K，Fe and Zn，stable higher soil organic matter content（more than 17.7 g ? kg-1），while in Loess Plateau apple production region are the increased soil organic matter and available Zn，reduction of soil total N and Alkaline hydrolytic N，appropriate available P and K.

Key words: apple, soil nutrition, fruit mineral element, PLSR, optimum proposal