关键词: 苹果, 黄土高原, 土壤养分, 标准值

Abstract:

During the year 2012 and 2013，the nutrients of 108 typical Fuji orchards at 12 main producing areas in Loess Plateau were investigated and analysised. The results showed that the average soil organic matter，total nitrogen，total phosphorus，total potassium，available nitrogen，available phosphorus，available potassium，available calcium，phosphorus magnesium，available zinc and available iron is 11.9 g · kg-1，0.63 g · kg-1，1.12 g · kg-1，13.7 g · kg-1，77.7 mg · kg-1，26.9 mg · kg-1，259.7 mg · kg-1，4 681 mg · kg-1，121.3 mg · kg-1，1.24 mg · kg-1 and 7.89 mg · kg-1，respectively. Proposed the standard range of soil nutrients in apple orchard in Loess Plateau. The characteristics of soil nutrients were that the organic matter was insufficient，total nitrogen，total phosphorus and total potassium contentwere relative abundance，while the available nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium were insufficient；total nutrient content varied small，while Available nutrient content indicted great variation；similarly，macronutrient content showed a smaller variation while miro nutrient content performed adverse result. The problem of nutrient distribution imbalance in different areas and depth was serious. The content of soil nutrient existed significant differences among different producing areas. In Yan’an and Luochuan County，there were 9 and 5 nutrient factors in insufficient level，respectively；while it was preferable in Shaanxian of Henan Province. The results suggest that the soil management practices should be focused on improving soil organic matter and available nutrient content according to the local conditions，also moderately deep fertilization is needed，and the available soil nutrients at the depth of 20 to 60 cm should be increased.

Key words: apple, Loess Plateau, soil nutrient, standard range