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园艺学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 1145-1156.

• 观赏植物 • 上一篇    下一篇

观赏海棠品种群开花进程中色素组分动态特征研究

张往祥1,*,裘 靓2,江志华1,魏宏亮1,曹福亮1,汤庚国1   

  1. (1南京林业大学林学院,南京 210037;2杭州市林水局,杭州 310014)
  • 收稿日期:2013-11-27 出版日期:2014-06-25 发布日期:2014-06-25

Studies on Dynamic Characteristics of the Pigment Components of Ornamental Crabapple Cultivars Groups in Flowering Process

ZHANG Wang-xiang1,*,QIU Jing2,JIANG Zhi-hua1,WEI Hong-liang1,CAO Fu-liang1,and TANG Geng-guo1   

  1. (1College of Forestry,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;2Hangzhou Municipal Forestry and Water Conservancy Bureau,Hangzhou 310014,China)
  • Received:2013-11-27 Online:2014-06-25 Published:2014-06-25

摘要: 以58个观赏海棠(Malus sp.)品种为研究对象,对大蕾期(S1)、盛开期(S2)、末花期(S3)花瓣的色素组分进行了测定,研究了海棠品种群之间色素组分关系及动态规律,为挖掘高花青素含量及高稳定性的海棠特异种质和进行花色改良育种提供参考。基于UV-2450紫外—可见分光光度计的实际含量测定和基于Unispec-SC光谱分析仪的反射光谱指标测定,分别构建了花青素、类胡萝卜素和叶绿素3大类色素组分含量与反射光谱指标之间的耦合函数:yAnth = 0.014x + 0.0012(R2 = 0.9974);yCar = 0.0038x0.3772R2 = 0.9902);yChl =–0.1007x2 + 0.3221x–0.2169(R2 = 0.8179)。采用Origin7.0软件构建了观赏海棠品种群3大类色素组分含量和权重的三维动态图,结果表明:花青素为海棠花瓣中的主导色素,类胡萝卜素和叶绿素为次要色素;在开花进程中,海棠品种群花瓣中的花青素、类胡萝卜素和叶绿素含量整体呈大幅度降低趋势,但色素组分权重却保持着相对稳定性,尽管花青素的权重呈现小幅下降趋势,而类胡萝卜素和叶绿素的权重却呈现小幅上升趋势。基于花青素含量和权重的聚类分析表明:在遗传距离2.936处,58个海棠品种可划分为5个类群,即白色系(A)、粉色系(B)、浅紫红色系(C)、紫红色系(D)和深紫红色系(E),其中C、D、E色系构成泛紫红色系。各色系/子色系类群之间具有明显不同的色素组分动态特征。尽管粉色系之B2子色系在大蕾期具有较高的花青素含量[(0.090 ± 0.038)mg · g-1],但由于色素稳定性差,在S1–S2–S3开花进程中,花青素含量分别下降了83.2%和93.3%,其“红艳”观赏期仅限于盛花期之前;粉色系之B1子色系的花青素含量及稳定性皆显著高于B2子色系,在S1、S2和S3阶段,B1子色系的花青素含量分别为B2子色系的1.7、3.3和3.2倍,显著提高了色彩观赏性。与粉色系相比,泛紫红色系具有更高的花青素含量及稳定性,整个花期皆保持紫红色,显著延长了该类群的“红艳”观赏期,在S1、S2和S3阶段,D、E两个色系的花青素含量分别为粉色系均值的1.8 ~ 2.0倍、3.9 ~ 6.5倍和8.1 ~ 10.0倍,甚至在S3阶段仍达到B色系在S1阶段的花青素含量水平;C色系的花青素含量及稳定性皆逊色于D、E色系,但仍显著优于B色系,即使在S3阶段,C色系的花青素含量仍达到B色系在S1阶段的43.2%和S2阶段的152.5%。

关键词: 观赏海棠, 品种群, 色素组分, 动态特征, 色系

Abstract: With 58 ornamental crabapple cultivars as the research object,their pigment components in flower petals at big budding stage(S1),blooming stage(S2)and end flowering stage(S3)were measured. Meanwhile,the differences of pigment component among different cultivar series(or subseries)and their dynamic patterns at different developing stages were studied systematically. The research aimed to provide references for excavating and utilizing special pigment traits of ornamental crabapples,which had high content and stability of anthocyanin,and for improving flower color and oriented breeding. Based on the reflection spectrum index(RSI)obtained by Unispec-SC spectrum analyzer and the actual content of pigments by UV-2450 ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer,the coupling functions between them for anthocyanins(Anth),carotenoid(Car)and chlorophyll(Chl)were built respectively:yAnth = 0.014x + 0.0012(R2 = 0.9974),yCar = 0.0038x0.3772R2 = 0.9902),yChl =–0.1007x2 + 0.3221x–0.2169(R2 = 0.8179). Using Origin7.0 software,a set of dynamic three-dimensional diagrams of pigment component content and proportion of the 58 cultivars at the three flowering stages were constructed. The results showed that Anth was the major pigment in crabapple petals,and Car and Chl were both secondary pigments. In flowering process,Anth,Car and Chl content generally presented a tendency toward lower level,whereas the proportion of each pigment component maintained relatively stable despite the fact that the proportion of Anth declined slightly,while that of Car and Chl both rised slightly. Also,the tree diagrams of pigment component clustering analysis were constructed according to Anth content and proportion at S2 and S3. The results were as follows:In the genetic distances of 1.15,the 58 crabapple cultivars could be divided into five color series,i.e. white series(A),pink series(B),light reddish-purple series(C),reddish-purple series(D)and dark reddish-purple series(E),in which C,D and E series constituted a pan-reddish-purple series. Each color series or subseries had their own obvious pigment component dynamic characteristics. For instance,the pink color subseries B2 had a higher Anth content[(0.090 ± 0.038)mg · g-1] at S1,but its stability was so lower(Anth content at S2 and S3 decreases by 83.2% and 93.3% respectively)that its valuable ornamental period was only limited before the full bloom stage(S2). By contrast,the pink subseries B1 had a higher Anth content and stability than the pink subseries B2(Anth content of B1 was respectively 1.7 times,3.3 times and 3.2 times of B2 at S1,S2 and S3),which improved the ornamental values of B1 subseries in a certain degree. Compared with the pink series,the pan-reddish-purple series had such much higher Anth content and stability that they maintained red or purple at the whole flowering stage,which significantly prolonged their valuable ornamental periods. For example,at S1,S2 and S3,the Anth contents of D and E series were 1.8–2.0 times,3.9–6.5 times and 8.1–10 times of pink series respectively. It was worth mentioning that the Anth contents of D and E series at S3 still reached the same level with that of B series at S1. As for C series,it was inferior to D and E series but significantly superior to B series in Anth content and stability. Even the Anth content of the C series at S3 reached 43.2% and 152.5% of B series at S1 and S2 respectively.

Key words: ornamental crabapple, cultivar groups, pigment component, dynamic characteristic, color series

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