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园艺学报 ›› 2012, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (4): 749-756.

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

蚜虫取食对杏叶片细胞分化、果枝节间伸长和花芽形成量的影响

刘林   

  1. (临沂大学生命科学学院,山东临沂 276005)
  • 出版日期:2012-04-25 发布日期:2012-04-25

Effects of Aphid Infestation on Leaf Cell Differentiation , Internode Elongation and Flower Bud Formation of Apricot

 LIU  Lin   

  1. (College of Life Sciences,Linyi University,Linyi,Shandong 276005,China)

  • Online:2012-04-25 Published:2012-04-25

摘要: 为揭示蚜虫取食对杏叶片细胞分化、果枝节间伸长和花芽形成量的影响,对‘金太阳’杏被桃蚜取食与未被取食同龄幼叶超微结构、果枝节间长度和每节花芽数进行比较,结果表明:(1)被取食幼叶叶肉细胞比未被取食同龄幼叶叶肉细胞明显小,显示其生长较慢。(2)被取食与未被取食同龄幼叶叶肉细胞的质体差异显著,未被取食幼叶中质体凸透镜形,含丰富类囊体和发达基粒,表现叶绿体形态结构;被取食幼叶中质体球形或椭球形,含少量类囊体,不具叶绿体形态结构。(3)被取食果枝节间长度显著短于未被取食果枝,相反,被取食果枝每节花芽数显著多于未被取食果枝。因此认为,蚜虫取食阻碍杏叶细胞生长和分化,抑制果枝节间伸长,每节花芽数增加。

关键词: 杏, 蚜虫取食, 超微结构, 花芽形成量, 节间伸长

Abstract: Aphids establish compatible interaction with host plants through overcoming plant defenses and manipulating plant metabolism for successful feeding and reproduction. This usually causes changes to cellular structures and plant growth and development. With the aim to understand the effect of green peach aphid infestation on apricot leaf cell differentiation,internode elongation,and flower bud formation,ultrastructures of infested and uninfested young leaves as well as internode length and flower bud number per node of infested and uninfested shoots were compared. Main findings are as follows:(1)The mesophyll cell in the infested young leaf is apparently smaller and shorter than that in the uninfested leaf of the same age. This implies that the mesophyll cell grows much slower in the infested young leaf than in the uninfested young leaf.(2)Plastids in the mesophyll of the infested and uninfested young leaves of the same age reveal remarkably different morphological and structural features. Plastids in the mesophyll cells of the infested young leaf are small,take a spherical or elliptical shape,contain few thylakoids,lack typical grana,and rarely contain starch grains. In contrast,plastids in the mesophyll cells of the uninfested young leaf of the same age are larger,take a lens-like shape,contain rich thylakoids as well as a lot of typical grana,and accumulate a large amount of starch. The differences in shape and structure indicate that the conversion of proplastids into chloroplasts is rapid in the mesophyll of the uninfested leaf,whereas the process takes a much longer time in the infested leaf.(3)The internode of the infested shoot is dramatically shorter than that of the uninfested shoot,while the node of the infested shoot bears significantly more flower buds than that of the uninfested shoot. Therefore,it is suggested that aphid infestation retard cell enlargement and chloroplast development,inhibit internode elongation,but promote flower bud formation.

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