关键词: 苹果, 农药残留, 评价, 陕西渭北

Abstract: Shaanxi is one of the most important apple production areas in China. Shaanxi apple are getting more and more concerned by people in the world. Investigating and evaluating pesticide residues in apple, making clear the key controlling pesticides is helpful to apple production and consumer^,s health. Apple pesticide residues of fresh apples in 20 apple production counties of Shaanxi Province were monitored by GC and HPLC methods from 2003 to 2005, and evaluated according to the standards of state unpolluted apple and unpolluted fruits. The results showed that 17 pesticide residues of 35 pesticides were detectable in fresh apples. The detectable rate of pesticide varieties is 48.6%, sample detectable rate 93.6%. The pesticides detectable rate more than 2% are carbendazim, cenpropathrin, BHC, cypermethrin, dimethoate, deltamethrin, fenvalerate, DDT, cyhalothrin, chlorothalonil, iprodione, chlorpyrifos, dichlovos, cyfluthrin, captan, their detectable rate are 89.5%, 18.7%, 16.7%, 15.7%, 13.4%, 11.5%, 11.2%, 9.0%, 6.7%, 5.8%, 5.3%, 3.8%, 2.3%, 2.2%, 2.1% respectively. Pesticides exceeding tolerances of state unpolluted apple and unpolluted fruits are carbendazim (9.50%), dichlovos (1.54%), phoxim (0.77%) and dimethoate (0.75%). After integrated evaluation through single pollution index, sample rates of half single pollution indexes, sample detectable rate, exceeding tolerance rates, the key pollution pesticides, ie., carbendazim in fungicide, fenpropathrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate and deltamethrin in pyrethroid, dimethoate in organophosphorus, are revealed.

Key words: Apple, Pesticide residues, Evaluation, Weibei, Shaanxi