多倍化与植物新表型关联性的研究进展

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0708

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

系统分析和讨论了全基因组复制（Whole genome duplications，WGD）与植物新表型（形态器官“巨大性”、开花期变异、次生代谢物增加、农艺性状优化、抵御胁迫能力增强等）的形成关系及其在进化中的贡献和意义，展望了未来多倍体研究的发展方向，为多倍体植物进化创新研究和新型多倍体作物分子育种提供重要参考。

关键词: 多倍体, 表型创新, 适应性进化, 物种多样性

Abstract:

The relationship between whole genome duplications（WGD）and new plant phenotypes（morphological organ“gigantism”，flowering stage variation，increased secondary metabolites，optimization of agronomic traits，enhanced stress tolerance，etc.）reviewed and discussed systematically and their contribution to evolution and differentiation，and provide prospects for future polyploidy research，which will be helpful by offering important references for innovative research on polyploid plant evolution and molecular breeding of new polyploid crops.

Key words: polyploidy, phenotypic innovation, adaptive evolution, specific diversity

裴芸, 虞夏清, 赵晓坤, 张万萍, 陈劲枫. 多倍化与植物新表型关联性的研究进展[J]. 园艺学报, 2023, 50(9): 1854-1866.

PEI Yun, YU Xiaqing, ZHAO Xiaokun, ZHANG Wanping, CHEN Jinfeng. Progress in the Study of the Association of Polyploidy with New Plant Phenotypes[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(9): 1854-1866.

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新表型 New phenotype		植物种类 Plant species	遗传/表观遗传修饰变化 Genetic/epigenetic modification change	参考文献 Reference
形态器官“巨大性” “Enormity”of morphological organs		拟南芥Arabidopsis	基因剂量增加Gene dosage increase	Li et al.,2012
		芸薹属Brassica	基因剂量增加Gene dosage increase	Abel & Becker,2007
		百合Lily	基因剂量增加Gene dosage increase	Feng et al.,2017
		柳树Willow	基因剂量增加Gene dosage increase	Dudits et al.,2016
		紫花苜蓿 Alfalfa	DNA甲基化修饰改变、基因表达改变Altered DNA methylation modifications，altered gene expression	Rosellini et al.,2016
		马铃薯 Potato	DNA甲基化修饰改变 Altered DNA methylation modifications	Marfil et al.,2018
		小麦 Wheat	基因结构和表达改变 Gene structure and expression alterations	Qin et al.,2017
开花时间变异 Flowering time variation		棉花 Cotton	DNA甲基化修饰改变 Altered DNA methylation modifications	Song et al.,2017
		芸薹属 Brassica	基因结构和表达改变 Gene structure and expression alterations	Pires et al.,2004
		拟南芥 Arabidopsis	组蛋白修饰改变、基因表达改变 Altered histone modifications，altered gene expression	Song & Chen,2015
		木槿 Hibiscu	开花时间基因高拷贝数扩增和保存 High copy number amplification and preservation of flowering time genes	Kim et al.,2017
次生代谢物增加 Secondary metabolites increase		水曲柳Ashwagandha	基因的功能改变Functional alteration of genes	Meng et al.,2021
		马铃薯Potato	基因表达改变Gene expression alteration	Fasano et al.,2016
		紫锥菊 Echinacea purpurea	基因表达改变Gene expression alteration	Xu et al.,2014b
		草莓Strawberry	基因偏向表达Gene bias expression	Edger et al.,2019
农艺性状优化 Agronomic trait optimization		棉花Cotton	基因偏向表达Gene bias expression	Hovav et al.,2008
		小麦Wheat	基因功能分化Gene function differentiation	Zhang et al.,2011
		小麦Wheat	基因偏向保留Gene bias retention	Feldman et al.,2012
		甘蓝型油菜 Brassica napus	基因偏向保留Gene bias retention	Chalhoub et al.,2014
抵御胁迫能力增强 Enhanced ability to resist stress	生物胁迫 Biological stress	黄瓜Cucumber	基因多样性增加Genetic diversity increases	Yu et al.,2021
	生物胁迫 Biological stress	锦葵Mallow	基因功能分化Gene function differentiation	Kim et al.,2016
	非生物胁迫 Abiotic stress	小麦Wheat	基因偏向保留Gene bias retention	Feldman et al., 2012
		苹果Apple	基因表达改变Gene expression alteration	Podwyszyńska et al.,2021
		芸薹属 Brassica	基因偏向保留、基因新功能化 Gene bias retention，gene neofunctionalization	Edger et al.,2015
		苦荞Buckwheat	基因偏向保留Gene bias retention	Zhang et al.,2017
		茶树Tea	DNA甲基化修饰改变、基因表达改变Altered DNA methylation modifications，altered gene expression	Tong et al.,2021
		棉花Cotton	DNA甲基化修饰改变、组蛋白修饰改变Altered DNA methylation modifications，altered histone modifications	He et al.,2022
		大麦Barley	miRNA差异表达 Differential expression of miRNAs	Liu & Sun,2017

新表型 New phenotype		植物种类 Plant species	遗传/表观遗传修饰变化 Genetic/epigenetic modification change	参考文献 Reference
形态器官“巨大性” “Enormity”of morphological organs		拟南芥Arabidopsis	基因剂量增加Gene dosage increase	Li et al.,2012
		芸薹属Brassica	基因剂量增加Gene dosage increase	Abel & Becker,2007
		百合Lily	基因剂量增加Gene dosage increase	Feng et al.,2017
		柳树Willow	基因剂量增加Gene dosage increase	Dudits et al.,2016
		紫花苜蓿 Alfalfa	DNA甲基化修饰改变、基因表达改变Altered DNA methylation modifications，altered gene expression	Rosellini et al.,2016
		马铃薯 Potato	DNA甲基化修饰改变 Altered DNA methylation modifications	Marfil et al.,2018
		小麦 Wheat	基因结构和表达改变 Gene structure and expression alterations	Qin et al.,2017
开花时间变异 Flowering time variation		棉花 Cotton	DNA甲基化修饰改变 Altered DNA methylation modifications	Song et al.,2017
		芸薹属 Brassica	基因结构和表达改变 Gene structure and expression alterations	Pires et al.,2004
		拟南芥 Arabidopsis	组蛋白修饰改变、基因表达改变 Altered histone modifications，altered gene expression	Song & Chen,2015
		木槿 Hibiscu	开花时间基因高拷贝数扩增和保存 High copy number amplification and preservation of flowering time genes	Kim et al.,2017
次生代谢物增加 Secondary metabolites increase		水曲柳Ashwagandha	基因的功能改变Functional alteration of genes	Meng et al.,2021
		马铃薯Potato	基因表达改变Gene expression alteration	Fasano et al.,2016
		紫锥菊 Echinacea purpurea	基因表达改变Gene expression alteration	Xu et al.,2014b
		草莓Strawberry	基因偏向表达Gene bias expression	Edger et al.,2019
农艺性状优化 Agronomic trait optimization		棉花Cotton	基因偏向表达Gene bias expression	Hovav et al.,2008
		小麦Wheat	基因功能分化Gene function differentiation	Zhang et al.,2011
		小麦Wheat	基因偏向保留Gene bias retention	Feldman et al.,2012
		甘蓝型油菜 Brassica napus	基因偏向保留Gene bias retention	Chalhoub et al.,2014
抵御胁迫能力增强 Enhanced ability to resist stress	生物胁迫 Biological stress	黄瓜Cucumber	基因多样性增加Genetic diversity increases	Yu et al.,2021
	生物胁迫 Biological stress	锦葵Mallow	基因功能分化Gene function differentiation	Kim et al.,2016
	非生物胁迫 Abiotic stress	小麦Wheat	基因偏向保留Gene bias retention	Feldman et al., 2012
		苹果Apple	基因表达改变Gene expression alteration	Podwyszyńska et al.,2021
		芸薹属 Brassica	基因偏向保留、基因新功能化 Gene bias retention，gene neofunctionalization	Edger et al.,2015
		苦荞Buckwheat	基因偏向保留Gene bias retention	Zhang et al.,2017
		茶树Tea	DNA甲基化修饰改变、基因表达改变Altered DNA methylation modifications，altered gene expression	Tong et al.,2021
		棉花Cotton	DNA甲基化修饰改变、组蛋白修饰改变Altered DNA methylation modifications，altered histone modifications	He et al.,2022
		大麦Barley	miRNA差异表达 Differential expression of miRNAs	Liu & Sun,2017