瓶插月季枝条光照处理对切花寿命的延长效应

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0349

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以月季‘传奇’（Rosa hybrida‘Legends’）切花为试验材料，在分析枝条皮层光合特性及其对离体枝段皮层吸水贡献的基础上，在瓶插期对浸在水中的枝条进行黑暗和光照（200 μmol · m^-2 · s^-1）处理，研究枝条光照处理对切花瓶插寿命的延长效应。结果表明，枝条皮层总叶绿素含量为叶片的24.30%，皮层组织的最大光化学效率显著高于木质部和髓心。在200 μmol · m^-2 · s^-1的光合有效辐射下，枝条皮层净光合速率达到峰值（0.15 μmol · m^-2 · s^-1）。对于浸在水中的离体枝段，200 μmol · m^-2 · s^-1光照处理使枝段皮层吸水量显著提高了50%。与黑暗处理相比，在瓶插期对浸在水中的枝条照光，可显著增加枝条皮层的可溶性糖含量，提高切花的水分平衡值，减缓花枝水势降低，抑制叶片光合速率下降，进而维持了花朵开放所需的水分和糖分，显著增大了切花花径，减缓了鲜质量下降，将瓶插寿命延长了4 d。

关键词: 月季, 皮层光合作用, 瓶插寿命, 皮层吸水, 可溶性糖

Abstract:

Cut rose（Rosa hybrida‘Legends’）was used as the experimental material in this study. The photosynthetic characteristic of the branch cortex chlorenchyma and its contribution to the cortex water uptake of isolated branch segment were investigated. On the basis，the branches of cut rose immersed in water were treated with dark and light（200 μmol · m^-2 · s^-1）to study the effects of branch illumination on vase life prolonging of cut rose. Results showed that the total chlorophyll concentration in the cortex of the branch was about 24.30% of that in the leaves. And the maximum photochemical efficiency of cortex was significantly higher than that of xylem and pith in the cross section of branch. When exposed to the photosynthetically active radiation of 200 μmol · m^-2 · s^-1，the net corticular photosynthesis rate of cut rose branch peaked at 0.15 μmol · m^-2 · s^-1. In relative to dark treatment，cortex water uptake content was significantly increased by 50% in the isolated branch segments illuminated with the 200 μmol · m^-2 · s^-1light condition. Compared with the dark treatment，light treatment significantly increased the content of soluble sugar in the cortex of water-soaked branch，improved the water balance value，slowed down the decrease of water potential and inhibited the decrease of photosynthetic rate of leaves. These effects maintained the supply of water and soluble sugar required for cut rose flowering，increasing the flowers diameter significantly，slowing down the decrease of fresh weight，and prolonging the vase life by four days.

Key words: Rosa hybrida, corticular photosynthesis, vase life, cortex water uptake, soluble sugar

中图分类号:

S685.12

马梦宇, 胡耀芳, 古琳, 李振坚, 钱永强, 巨关升, 刘俊祥, 孙振元. 瓶插月季枝条光照处理对切花寿命的延长效应[J]. 园艺学报, 2023, 50(6): 1343-1354.

MA Mengyu, HU Yaofang, GU Lin, LI Zhenjian, QIAN Yongqiang, JU Guansheng, LIU Junxiang, SUN Zhenyuan. Effect of Branch Light Treatment on Prolonging the Vase Life of Cut Rose[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(6): 1343-1354.

图/表 10

图1 瓶插试验装置示意图 a：光照培养箱；b：LED灯板；c：上下层分隔挡板；d：月季切花；e：瓶插液水位线；f：透明玻璃试管；g：铝箔纸包裹试管。

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the vase experimental devices a：Light incubator；b：LED lamp board；c：Partition baffle；d：Cut rose；e：Water level line；f：Transparent glass tube；g：Transparent glass tube wrapped by aluminum foil.

表1 月季枝条皮层和叶片的光合色素组成差异

Table 1 The difference in photosynthetic pigment composition between leaf and branch cortex

样品 Sample	叶绿素含量/（mg · g^-1FW）Content of chlorophyll			Chl. a/b	类胡萝卜素含量（mg · g^-1FW） Content of carotenoid	类胡萝卜素/总叶绿素 Carotenoid/total chlorophyll
样品 Sample	a	b	总叶绿素 a + b	Chl. a/b	类胡萝卜素含量（mg · g^-1FW） Content of carotenoid	类胡萝卜素/总叶绿素 Carotenoid/total chlorophyll
皮层Cortex	0.49 ± 0.02^*	0.19 ± 0.01^*	0.68 ± 0.03^*	2.63 ± 0.16^*	0.10 ± 0.01^*	0.15 ± 0.01
叶片Leaf	2.10 ± 0.09	0.69 ± 0.03	2.80 ± 0.11	3.05 ± 0.02	0.35 ± 0.01	0.13 ± 0.01

图2 月季枝条横切片叶绿素荧光特征误差线上方不同小写字母表示在P < 0.05水平上差异显著。

Fig. 2 Chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of the branch cross section of rose Different lowercase letters above the standard error line indicate significant difference at the level of P < 0.05.

图3 月季切花枝条皮层光合—光响应曲线

Fig. 3 The light response curve of corticular photosynthesis of the branch in cut rose

图4 光照处理对枝条皮层吸水的影响 *表示同一浸水时间光照处理和黑暗处理（对照）在P < 0.05水平上差异显著。下同。

Fig. 4 Effects of light treatment on cortex water uptake of branch * indicates the significant difference between light treatment and dark（control）at a given soaking time at the level of P < 0.05. The same belwow.

图5 光照和黑暗（对照）处理的花朵和叶片表现不同小写字母表示光照处理和黑暗处理（对照）在P < 0.05水平上差异显著。

Fig. 5 The performance of flower and leaves for the light treatment and dark（control） Different lowercase letters indicate the significant difference between light treatment and dark（control）at the level of P < 0.05.

图6 光照处理对月季切花鲜质量和花径的影响

Fig. 6 Effects of light treatment on fresh weight change rate and flower diameter change rate of cut rose

表2 光照处理对月季切花吸水、失水、水分平衡值和水势的影响

Table 2 Effects of light treatment on water absorption，water loss，water balance and water potential of cut rose

瓶插时间/d Vase period	处理 Treament	吸水量/g Water absorption	失水量/g Water loss	水分平衡量/g Water balance	水势/MPa Water potential
1	光照Light	5.62 ± 0.21^*	5.37 ± 0.22	0.26 ± 0.05^*	—
	黑暗（对照）Dark（control）	4.82 ± 0.17	5.03 ± 0.14	-0.21 ± 0.14	—
2	光照Light	6.06 ± 0.29^*	6.34 ± 0.34^*	-0.28 ± 0.08	-0.51 ± 0.02^*
	黑暗（对照）Dark（control）	4.89 ± 0.16	5.05 ± 0.23	-0.17 ± 0.11	-0.85 ± 0.04
4	光照Light	5.50 ± 0.26^*	6.87 ± 0.33^*	-1.37 ± 0.24	-0.53 ± 0.06^*
	黑暗（对照）Dark（control）	3.38 ± 0.34	4.70 ± 0.30	-1.32 ± 0.27	-1.07 ± 0.07
6	光照Light	4.90 ± 0.22^*	5.69 ± 0.25^*	-0.79 ± 0.14	-0.79 ± 0.08^*
	黑暗（对照）Dark（control）	1.89 ± 0.18	3.37 ± 0.25	-1.48 ± 0.25	-1.40 ± 0.06
8	光照Light	3.89 ± 0.20^*	4.34 ± 0.23^*	-0.45 ± 0.05^*	-1.03 ± 0.05^*
	黑暗（对照）Dark（control）	0.87 ± 0.08	2.15 ± 0.25	-1.27 ± 0.18	-1.63 ± 0.07
10	光照Light	3.92 ± 0.29	4.60 ± 0.43	-0.68 ± 0.17	-1.01 ± 0.09^*
	黑暗（对照）Dark（control）	—	—	—	-4.16 ± 0.19

图7 光照处理对月季切花叶片气体交换的影响

Fig. 7 Effects of light treatment on leaf gas exchange of cut rose

图8 光照处理对月季切花可溶性糖含量的影响

Fig. 8 Effects of light treatment on soluble sugar content of cut rose

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