钾肥种类对马铃薯生长和镉吸收积累的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0626

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在冬闲稻田分别施用硫酸钾型复合肥、氯化钾型复合肥及其等量配比处理，研究对‘兴佳2号’和‘冀张薯12号’马铃薯生长、产量、品质及矿质元素、镉吸收的影响。结果表明，出苗后60 d两个品种硫酸钾处理的株高、茎粗、叶片SPAD值、生物量显著高于氯化钾处理，等量配比处理居中；硫酸钾处理植株硫、氮、磷含量最高，氯化钾处理含量最低；氯化钾处理植株氯、镉含量最高，硫酸钾处理含量最低。‘兴佳2号’和‘冀张薯12号’硫酸钾处理的产量最高，分别为31 442和30 512 kg · hm^-2，其次为等量配比处理，氯化钾处理产量最低；钾肥种类显著影响块茎蛋白质、维生素C和镉含量，硫酸钾处理的蛋白质、维生素C含量最高，氯化钾处理最低，氯化钾处理块茎镉含量最高，硫酸钾处理最低。因此，与氯化钾相比，硫酸钾能促进植株对氮、磷的吸收，降低镉的吸收，促进植株生长，增加块茎产量，提高块茎品质。

关键词: 马铃薯, 钾肥, 产量, 矿质元素, 镉

Abstract:

The effects of potassium sulfate-type compound fertilizer（K₂SO₄），potassium chloride-type compound fertilizer（KCl）and the same amount of different forms of potassium fertilizer（K₂SO₄ + KCl）on the growth，yield，quality，absorption of mineral elements and cadmium of two potato varieties‘Xingjia 2’and‘Jizhangshu 12’were studied in winter paddy fields. The results showed that at 60 days after emergence，plant heights，stem diameters，the leaf SPAD values and biomasses of K₂SO₄treatment were significantly higher than those of KCl treatment，and those of K₂SO₄ + KCl treatment were between the two treatments. The contents of sulfur，nitrogen and phosphorus in the plants of K₂SO₄ treatment were the highest，while the contents of KCl treatment were the lowest. The content of chlorine and cadmium in plants treated with KCl was the highest，and that of K₂SO₄ treatment was the lowest.‘Xingjia 2’and‘Jizhangshu 12’of K₂SO₄ treatment had the highest yields，which were 31 442 kg · hm^-2 and 30 512 kg · hm^-2 respectively，and followed by K₂SO₄ + KCl treatment，and the KCl treatment had the lowest yields. The contents of protein，vitamin C and cadmium in tubers were significantly affected by the types of potassium fertilizers. The contents of protein and vitamin C of K₂SO₄ treatment were the highest，and those of KCl treatment were the lowest. However，the contents of cadmium in the tubers of KCl treatment were the highest，and those of K₂SO₄ treatment were the lowest. Therefore，compared with the KCl，and the K₂SO₄can promote the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by plants，reduces the absorption of cadmium，promotes plant growth，increases tuber yield，and improves tuber quality.

Key words: potato, potassium fertilizer, yield, mineral element, cadmium

中图分类号:

S532

贡丹敏, 蔡林志, 丁仁, 马燕燕, 王万兴, 熊兴耀, 胡新喜. 钾肥种类对马铃薯生长和镉吸收积累的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2023, 50(6): 1332-1342.

GONG Danmin, CAI Linzhi, DING Ren, MA Yanyan, WANG Wanxin, XIONG Xingyao, HU Xinxi. Effects of Different Potassium Fertilizers on Growth and Absorption and Accumulation of Mineral Elements and Cadmium in Potato[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(6): 1332-1342.

图/表 7

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品种 Cultivar	K肥 K fertilizer	株高/cm Plant height		茎粗/mm Thick stem		叶片SPAD值 Leaf SPAD value		生物量/ g Biomass
品种 Cultivar	K肥 K fertilizer	35 d	60 d	35 d	60 d	35 d	60 d	60 d
兴佳2号 Xingjia 2	K₂SO₄	16.14 ± 1.20 a	36.07 ± 2.75 a	9.32 ± 0.75 a	11.27 ± 0.93 a	42.14 ± 0.93 a	45.28 ± 0.80 a	25.05 ± 0.22 a
	K₂SO₄+ KCl	14.59 ± 1.61 a	29.31 ± 0.86 b	8.72 ± 0.74 a	10.61 ± 0.90 a	37.98 ± 4.20 a	42.66 ± 0.16 b	21.89 ± 1.01 b
	KCl	16.49 ± 1.83 a	27.15 ± 2.90 b	8.28 ± 0.66 a	9.78 ± 0.85 a	40.28 ± 0.44 a	41.08 ± 0.64 c	13.04 ± 2.14 c
冀张薯12号 Jizhangshu 12	K₂SO₄	19.86 ± 2.04 a	36.15 ± 5.56 a	12.11 ± 0.51 a	14.00 ± 0.36 a	37.69 ± 0.18 a	38.40 ± 1.98 a	41.89 ± 6.94 a
	K₂SO₄+ KCl	19.33 ± 3.67 a	31.63 ± 5.15 ab	10.41 ± 1.35 a	14.69 ± 0.78 a	34.88 ± 0.21 a	38.41 ± 0.33 a	30.04 ± 2.31 b
	KCl	21.71 ± 4.65 a	25.71 ± 3.95 b	10.32 ± 2.42 a	11.69 ± 1.35 b	35.86 ± 2.37 a	34.93 ± 0.46 b	26.01 ± 1.44 b

品种 Cultivar	K肥 K fertilizer	株高/cm Plant height		茎粗/mm Thick stem		叶片SPAD值 Leaf SPAD value		生物量/ g Biomass
品种 Cultivar	K肥 K fertilizer	35 d	60 d	35 d	60 d	35 d	60 d	60 d
兴佳2号 Xingjia 2	K₂SO₄	16.14 ± 1.20 a	36.07 ± 2.75 a	9.32 ± 0.75 a	11.27 ± 0.93 a	42.14 ± 0.93 a	45.28 ± 0.80 a	25.05 ± 0.22 a
	K₂SO₄+ KCl	14.59 ± 1.61 a	29.31 ± 0.86 b	8.72 ± 0.74 a	10.61 ± 0.90 a	37.98 ± 4.20 a	42.66 ± 0.16 b	21.89 ± 1.01 b
	KCl	16.49 ± 1.83 a	27.15 ± 2.90 b	8.28 ± 0.66 a	9.78 ± 0.85 a	40.28 ± 0.44 a	41.08 ± 0.64 c	13.04 ± 2.14 c
冀张薯12号 Jizhangshu 12	K₂SO₄	19.86 ± 2.04 a	36.15 ± 5.56 a	12.11 ± 0.51 a	14.00 ± 0.36 a	37.69 ± 0.18 a	38.40 ± 1.98 a	41.89 ± 6.94 a
	K₂SO₄+ KCl	19.33 ± 3.67 a	31.63 ± 5.15 ab	10.41 ± 1.35 a	14.69 ± 0.78 a	34.88 ± 0.21 a	38.41 ± 0.33 a	30.04 ± 2.31 b
	KCl	21.71 ± 4.65 a	25.71 ± 3.95 b	10.32 ± 2.42 a	11.69 ± 1.35 b	35.86 ± 2.37 a	34.93 ± 0.46 b	26.01 ± 1.44 b

品种 Cultivar	钾肥 Fertilizer	硫/（g · kg^-1）Sulfur		氯/（g · kg^-1）Chlorine		氮/（g · kg^-1）Nitrogen
品种 Cultivar	钾肥 Fertilizer	茎叶Stem and leaf	块茎Tuber	茎叶Stem and leaf	块茎Tuber	茎叶Stem and leaf	块茎Tuber
兴佳2号Xingjia 2	K₂SO₄	5.16 ± 0.58 a	1.85 ± 0.15 a	25.36 ± 11.17 b	3.31 ± 0.26 b	0.504 ± 0.005 a	0.173 ± 0.005 a
	K₂SO₄ + KCl	4.60 ± 0.26 a	1.77 ± 0.31 a	54.23 ± 9.61 a	7.90 ± 0.84 a	0.426 ± 0.026 b	0.165 ± 0.011 ab
	KCl	3.81 ± 0.06 b	1.55 ± 0.03 a	51.96 ± 0.24 a	8.37 ± 0.07 a	0.382 ± 0.019 c	0.154 ± 0.001 b
冀张薯12号Jizhangshu 12	K₂SO₄	4.33 ± 0.21 a	1.67 ± 0.12 a	29.76 ± 3.09 c	3.17 ± 0.43 b	0.407 ± 0.040 a	0.162 ± 0.011 a
	K₂SO₄ + KCl	3.69 ± 0.13 b	1.57 ± 0.14 a	42.19 ± 6.51 b	5.97 ± 2.23 ab	0.364 ± 0.030 a	0.157 ± 0.015 ab
	KCl	3.51 ± 0.11 b	1.32 ± 0.01 b	51.33 ± 2.86 a	6.92 ± 0.91a	0.341 ± 0.028 a	0.135 ± 0.010 b
品种 Cultivar	钾肥 Fertilizer	磷/（g · kg^-1）Phosphorus		钾/（g · kg^-1）Potassium		镉/（mg · kg^-1）Cadmium
品种 Cultivar	钾肥 Fertilizer	茎叶Stem and leaf	块茎Tuber	茎叶Stem and leaf	块茎Tuber	茎叶Stem and leaf	块茎Tuber
兴佳2号Xingjia 2	K₂SO₄	0.030 ± 0.002 a	0.022 ± 0.002 a	0.702 ± 0.056 a	0.220 ± 0.005 b	4.190 ± 1.050 c	0.238 ± 0.010 c
	K₂SO₄ + KCl	0.024 ± 0.002 b	0.021 ± 0.001 a	0.724 ± 0.045 a	0.248 ± 0.010 a	5.997 ± 0.790 b	0.306 ± 0.020 b
	KCl	0.019 ± 0.001 c	0.015 ± 0.001 b	0.750 ± 0.022 a	0.252 ± 0.006 a	7.647 ± 0.380 a	0.332 ± 0.010 a
冀张薯12号Jizhangshu 12	K₂SO₄	0.026 ± 0.040 a	0.024 ± 0.002 a	0.745 ± 0.051 a	0.203 ± 0.006 a	3.087 ± 0.290 b	0.144 ± 0.010 a
	K₂SO₄ + KCl	0.022 ± 0.004 a	0.019 ± 0.004 ab	0.722 ± 0.109 a	0.204 ± 0.019 a	3.977 ± 0.580 a	0.197 ± 0.050 a
	KCl	0.020 ± 0.002 a	0.016 ± 0.001 b	0.793 ± 0.048 a	0.231 ± 0.021 a	4.170 ± 0.360 a	0.201 ± 0.030 a

品种 Cultivar	钾肥 Fertilizer	硫/（g · kg^-1）Sulfur		氯/（g · kg^-1）Chlorine		氮/（g · kg^-1）Nitrogen
品种 Cultivar	钾肥 Fertilizer	茎叶Stem and leaf	块茎Tuber	茎叶Stem and leaf	块茎Tuber	茎叶Stem and leaf	块茎Tuber
兴佳2号Xingjia 2	K₂SO₄	5.16 ± 0.58 a	1.85 ± 0.15 a	25.36 ± 11.17 b	3.31 ± 0.26 b	0.504 ± 0.005 a	0.173 ± 0.005 a
	K₂SO₄ + KCl	4.60 ± 0.26 a	1.77 ± 0.31 a	54.23 ± 9.61 a	7.90 ± 0.84 a	0.426 ± 0.026 b	0.165 ± 0.011 ab
	KCl	3.81 ± 0.06 b	1.55 ± 0.03 a	51.96 ± 0.24 a	8.37 ± 0.07 a	0.382 ± 0.019 c	0.154 ± 0.001 b
冀张薯12号Jizhangshu 12	K₂SO₄	4.33 ± 0.21 a	1.67 ± 0.12 a	29.76 ± 3.09 c	3.17 ± 0.43 b	0.407 ± 0.040 a	0.162 ± 0.011 a
	K₂SO₄ + KCl	3.69 ± 0.13 b	1.57 ± 0.14 a	42.19 ± 6.51 b	5.97 ± 2.23 ab	0.364 ± 0.030 a	0.157 ± 0.015 ab
	KCl	3.51 ± 0.11 b	1.32 ± 0.01 b	51.33 ± 2.86 a	6.92 ± 0.91a	0.341 ± 0.028 a	0.135 ± 0.010 b
品种 Cultivar	钾肥 Fertilizer	磷/（g · kg^-1）Phosphorus		钾/（g · kg^-1）Potassium		镉/（mg · kg^-1）Cadmium
品种 Cultivar	钾肥 Fertilizer	茎叶Stem and leaf	块茎Tuber	茎叶Stem and leaf	块茎Tuber	茎叶Stem and leaf	块茎Tuber
兴佳2号Xingjia 2	K₂SO₄	0.030 ± 0.002 a	0.022 ± 0.002 a	0.702 ± 0.056 a	0.220 ± 0.005 b	4.190 ± 1.050 c	0.238 ± 0.010 c
	K₂SO₄ + KCl	0.024 ± 0.002 b	0.021 ± 0.001 a	0.724 ± 0.045 a	0.248 ± 0.010 a	5.997 ± 0.790 b	0.306 ± 0.020 b
	KCl	0.019 ± 0.001 c	0.015 ± 0.001 b	0.750 ± 0.022 a	0.252 ± 0.006 a	7.647 ± 0.380 a	0.332 ± 0.010 a
冀张薯12号Jizhangshu 12	K₂SO₄	0.026 ± 0.040 a	0.024 ± 0.002 a	0.745 ± 0.051 a	0.203 ± 0.006 a	3.087 ± 0.290 b	0.144 ± 0.010 a
	K₂SO₄ + KCl	0.022 ± 0.004 a	0.019 ± 0.004 ab	0.722 ± 0.109 a	0.204 ± 0.019 a	3.977 ± 0.580 a	0.197 ± 0.050 a
	KCl	0.020 ± 0.002 a	0.016 ± 0.001 b	0.793 ± 0.048 a	0.231 ± 0.021 a	4.170 ± 0.360 a	0.201 ± 0.030 a

品种 Cultivar	钾肥 Fertilizer	产量/（kg · hm^-2） Yield	商品薯率/% Marketable tuber percentage	单株块茎质量/g Tuber mass per plant	单株块茎数Number of tubers per plant	单薯质量/g Single potato quality
兴佳2号 Xingjia 2	K₂SO₄	31 442 ± 2 647 a	89.59 ± 1.69 a	481.31 ± 65.50 a	5.22 ± 1.58 a	91.77 ± 19.39 a
	K₂SO₄ + KCl	24 727 ± 843 b	83.57 ± 4.20 ab	318.73 ± 16.69 b	4.94 ± 0.79 a	78.54 ± 13.18 ab
	KCl	17 072 ± 1 749 c	81.49 ± 4.23 b	216.37 ± 36.25 c	6.06 ± 0.51 a	57.97 ± 3.36 b
冀张薯12号 Jizhangshu 12	K₂SO₄	30 512 ± 3 648 a	91.68 ± 0.32 a	529.11 ± 50.46 a	4.15 ± 1.04 a	134.14 ± 39.26 a
	K₂SO₄ + KCl	25 038 ± 5 539 ab	87.80 ± 2.74 b	505.15 ± 34.60 a	5.56 ± 0.77 a	91.60 ± 7.44 ab
	KCl	21 411 ± 2 314 b	73.70 ± 1.66 c	257.07 ± 1.25 b	3.83 ± 0.76 a	69.01 ± 14.81 b