园艺学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (5): 1095-1109.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0176
袁婕俐1,2, 金晓玲1,2,*(), 张峥1, 肖玉洁1, 余秋岫1, 胡筱璇1
收稿日期:
2022-11-04
修回日期:
2023-01-18
出版日期:
2023-05-25
发布日期:
2023-05-31
通讯作者:
*(E-mail:jxl0716@hotmail.com)基金资助:
YUAN Jieli1,2, JIN Xiaoling1,2,*(), ZHANG Zheng1, XIAO Yujie1, YU Qiuxiu1, HU Xiaoxuan1
Received:
2022-11-04
Revised:
2023-01-18
Published:
2023-05-25
Online:
2023-05-31
摘要:
为分析紫花含笑不同开花时期花被片挥发性成分,确定其主要花挥发性物质,以花蕾期、初花期和盛花期的花被片为试验材料,采用HS-SPME-GC-Orbitrap-HRMS法对其挥发性成分进行检测。从紫花含笑花被片中共鉴定出641种挥发物,共14类化合物,以萜类和酯类物质为主;盛花期花被片挥发物种类最多(434种),初花期次之(392种),花蕾期最少(352种),各时期分别检测到特有挥发物96、80和118 种,特别是在盛花期,检测到了3种特有生物碱类:四氢东非马钱碱、托品酮和毛果芸香碱;盛花期花被片挥发物总含量最高(668.993 μg · kg-1),初花期次之(628.111 μg · kg-1),花蕾期最低(522.590 μg · kg -1);含量较高(> 13.000 μg · kg -1)的主要挥发物有α-愈创木烯、大根香叶烯B、顺-衣兰油-4(15), 5-二烯、β-石竹烯、双环倍半水芹烯、顺式-β-罗勒烯、β-律草烯、双环大根香叶烯、γ-依兰油烯和α-古巴烯;香气强度(Odor activity value,OAV)分析表明:紫花含笑花被片特征香气成分包括苯甲酸甲酯和α-蒎烯,修饰性香气成分包括顺式-β-罗勒烯、β-石竹烯、芳樟醇和橙花叔醇,使其香气特征呈香草型、花香型和木香型;低香气阈值的 β-紫罗兰酮使初花期花被片较花蕾期呈明显花香型;乙酸苄酯是盛花期花被片特有挥发物,使其呈浓甜香型。主成分分析结果表明:紫花含笑花被片香气特征不是被高含量挥发物主导,而是被多种挥发物相互作用且相互影响。综上表明,紫花含笑花被片的挥发性成分组成丰富,但不同花期间存在一定差异;挥发性成分的种类、含量和香气阈值的差异影响了不同花期花被片的香气特征,使其呈现出多样的花香。
中图分类号:
袁婕俐, 金晓玲, 张峥, 肖玉洁, 余秋岫, 胡筱璇. 紫花含笑不同开花时期花被片的挥发性成分分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2023, 50(5): 1095-1109.
YUAN Jieli, JIN Xiaoling, ZHANG Zheng, XIAO Yujie, YU Qiuxiu, HU Xiaoxuan. Volatility Components of Michelia crassipes Tepals at Different Flowering Stages[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(5): 1095-1109.
挥发性成分种类 Compound kinds | 含量/(µg · kg-1) Content | ||
---|---|---|---|
花蕾期 Bud | 初花期 First-open | 盛花期 Fully-open | |
萜类 Terpenes | 453.736 ± 22.460 b | 547.593 ± 27.079 a | 580.355 ± 28.696 a |
酯类 Esters | 35.219 ± 1.786 b | 40.064 ± 2.035 b | 50.718 ± 2.553 a |
酮类 Ketones | 2.767 ± 0.184 a | 2.796 ± 0.198 a | 2.891 ± 0.198 a |
烷烃类 Alkanes | 2.964 ± 0.180 a | 2.369 ± 0.163 b | 2.062 ± 0.146 b |
醇类 Alcohols | 5.258 ± 0.282 b | 8.627 ± 0.456 a | 9.474 ± 0.498 a |
芳香族类 Aromatics | 3.359 ± 0.193 c | 5.514 ± 0.292 b | 8.275 ± 0.436 a |
烯烃类 Olefins | 4.100 ± 0.227 c | 5.810 ± 0.300 b | 8.126 ± 0.413 a |
醛类 Aldehydes | 1.072 ± 0.069 c | 1.651 ± 0.096 a | 1.294 ± 0.096 b |
杂环类 Heterocyclics | 1.028 ± 0.057 b | 1.218 ± 0.071 a | 1.188 ± 0.086 a |
酸类 Acids | 0.355 ± 0.021 a | 0.329 ± 0.030 ab | 0.308 ± 0.024 b |
酚类 Phenols | 0.153 ± 0.011 b | 0.038 ± 0.014 c | 1.161 ± 0.076 a |
炔类 Alkynes | 12.550 ± 0.623 a | 12.019 ± 0.601 a | 0.188 ± 0.013 b |
醚类 Ethers | 0.029 ± 0.005 b | 0.083 ± 0.005 a | 0.037 ± 0.010 b |
生物碱类 Alkaloids | — | — | 2.916 ± 0.004 a |
总计 Total | 522.590 ± 26.098 b | 628.111 ± 31.340 a | 668.993 ± 33.388 a |
表 1 紫花含笑不同开花时期花被片的挥发性成分含量
Table 1 Contents of volatile components of Michelia crassipes tepals at different flowering stages
挥发性成分种类 Compound kinds | 含量/(µg · kg-1) Content | ||
---|---|---|---|
花蕾期 Bud | 初花期 First-open | 盛花期 Fully-open | |
萜类 Terpenes | 453.736 ± 22.460 b | 547.593 ± 27.079 a | 580.355 ± 28.696 a |
酯类 Esters | 35.219 ± 1.786 b | 40.064 ± 2.035 b | 50.718 ± 2.553 a |
酮类 Ketones | 2.767 ± 0.184 a | 2.796 ± 0.198 a | 2.891 ± 0.198 a |
烷烃类 Alkanes | 2.964 ± 0.180 a | 2.369 ± 0.163 b | 2.062 ± 0.146 b |
醇类 Alcohols | 5.258 ± 0.282 b | 8.627 ± 0.456 a | 9.474 ± 0.498 a |
芳香族类 Aromatics | 3.359 ± 0.193 c | 5.514 ± 0.292 b | 8.275 ± 0.436 a |
烯烃类 Olefins | 4.100 ± 0.227 c | 5.810 ± 0.300 b | 8.126 ± 0.413 a |
醛类 Aldehydes | 1.072 ± 0.069 c | 1.651 ± 0.096 a | 1.294 ± 0.096 b |
杂环类 Heterocyclics | 1.028 ± 0.057 b | 1.218 ± 0.071 a | 1.188 ± 0.086 a |
酸类 Acids | 0.355 ± 0.021 a | 0.329 ± 0.030 ab | 0.308 ± 0.024 b |
酚类 Phenols | 0.153 ± 0.011 b | 0.038 ± 0.014 c | 1.161 ± 0.076 a |
炔类 Alkynes | 12.550 ± 0.623 a | 12.019 ± 0.601 a | 0.188 ± 0.013 b |
醚类 Ethers | 0.029 ± 0.005 b | 0.083 ± 0.005 a | 0.037 ± 0.010 b |
生物碱类 Alkaloids | — | — | 2.916 ± 0.004 a |
总计 Total | 522.590 ± 26.098 b | 628.111 ± 31.340 a | 668.993 ± 33.388 a |
挥发性成分种类 Compound kinds | 共有含量/(µg · kg-1) Shared content | ||
---|---|---|---|
花蕾期 Bud | 初花期 First-open | 盛花期 Fully-open | |
萜类 Terpenes | 447.324 ± 22.135 b | 504.793 ± 24.952 ab | 526.411 ± 26.024 a |
酯类 Esters | 33.564 ± 1.677 a | 28.865 ± 1.450 b | 33.588 ± 1.675 a |
酮类 Ketones | 0.637 ± 0.055 b | 0.683 ± 0.070 ab | 0.764 ± 0.070 a |
烷烃类 Alkanes | 0.416 ± 0.035 a | 0.422 ± 0.040 a | 0.432 ± 0.046 a |
醇类 Alcohols | 4.681 ± 0.243 c | 7.071 ± 0.358 a | 5.912 ± 0.304 b |
芳香族类 Aromatics | 0.863 ± 0.070 b | 1.099 ± 0.062 a | 1.186 ± 0.076 a |
烯烃类 Olefins | 3.234 ± 0.162 a | 3.482 ± 0.178 a | 2.787 ± 0.141 b |
醛类 Aldehydes | 0.277 ± 0.018 b | 0.403 ± 0.023 a | 0.393 ± 0.025 a |
杂环类 Heterocyclics | 0.505 ± 0.029 a | 0.475 ± 0.027 ab | 0.456 ± 0.034 b |
酸类 Acids | 0.205 ± 0.013 b | 0.300 ± 0.020 a | 0.279 ± 0.020 a |
酚类 Phenols | 0.004 ± 0.001 a | 0.008 ± 0.002 a | 0.006 ± 0.003 a |
炔类 Alkynes | 0.082 ± 0.005 c | 0.144 ± 0.009 a | 0.130 ± 0.008 b |
醚类 Ethers | — | — | — |
生物碱类 Alkaloids | — | — | — |
总计 Total | 491.795 ± 24.443 b | 547.744 ± 27.191 ab | 572.344 ± 28.426 a |
表2 紫花含笑不同开花时期花被片共有的挥发性成分含量
Table 2 Shared contents of volatile components of Michelia crassipes tepals at different flowering stages
挥发性成分种类 Compound kinds | 共有含量/(µg · kg-1) Shared content | ||
---|---|---|---|
花蕾期 Bud | 初花期 First-open | 盛花期 Fully-open | |
萜类 Terpenes | 447.324 ± 22.135 b | 504.793 ± 24.952 ab | 526.411 ± 26.024 a |
酯类 Esters | 33.564 ± 1.677 a | 28.865 ± 1.450 b | 33.588 ± 1.675 a |
酮类 Ketones | 0.637 ± 0.055 b | 0.683 ± 0.070 ab | 0.764 ± 0.070 a |
烷烃类 Alkanes | 0.416 ± 0.035 a | 0.422 ± 0.040 a | 0.432 ± 0.046 a |
醇类 Alcohols | 4.681 ± 0.243 c | 7.071 ± 0.358 a | 5.912 ± 0.304 b |
芳香族类 Aromatics | 0.863 ± 0.070 b | 1.099 ± 0.062 a | 1.186 ± 0.076 a |
烯烃类 Olefins | 3.234 ± 0.162 a | 3.482 ± 0.178 a | 2.787 ± 0.141 b |
醛类 Aldehydes | 0.277 ± 0.018 b | 0.403 ± 0.023 a | 0.393 ± 0.025 a |
杂环类 Heterocyclics | 0.505 ± 0.029 a | 0.475 ± 0.027 ab | 0.456 ± 0.034 b |
酸类 Acids | 0.205 ± 0.013 b | 0.300 ± 0.020 a | 0.279 ± 0.020 a |
酚类 Phenols | 0.004 ± 0.001 a | 0.008 ± 0.002 a | 0.006 ± 0.003 a |
炔类 Alkynes | 0.082 ± 0.005 c | 0.144 ± 0.009 a | 0.130 ± 0.008 b |
醚类 Ethers | — | — | — |
生物碱类 Alkaloids | — | — | — |
总计 Total | 491.795 ± 24.443 b | 547.744 ± 27.191 ab | 572.344 ± 28.426 a |
图4 紫花含笑不同开花时期花被片中10种主要挥发性成分含量变化 不同小写字母表示0.05水平差异显著(ANOVA)。
Fig. 4 Variations of 10 major volatile components content of Michelia crassipes tepals at different flowering stages Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference(P < 0.05).
化合物 Compound | 香气阈值/ (μg · kg-1) Odor threshold | 香气类型/香味特征 Aroma type/Aroma characteristics | 香气强度值(OAV) Aroma intensity value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
花蕾期 Bud | 初花期 First-open | 盛花期 Fully-open | |||
苯甲酸甲酯 Methyl benzoate | 0.520 | 香草型/甜香味 Herbal/sweet-like | 2.146 | 1.596 | 1.699 |
α-蒎烯 α-Pinene | 6.000 | 香草型/松节油味 Herbal/turpentine-like | 1.444 | 1.521 | 1.640 |
β-紫罗兰酮 β-Ionone | 0.100 | 花香型/鸢尾香味 Floral/orris-like | — | 1.202 | 1.286 |
顺式-β-罗勒烯 cis -β-Ocimene | 34.000 | 花香型/旱金莲花香Floral/nasturtium-like | 0.601 | 0.644 | 0.692 |
乙酸苄酯 Benzyl acetate | 2.000 | 甜香型/茉莉香 Sweet/jasmin-like | — | — | 0.657 |
顺-4,5-环氧-(E)-2-癸烯醛 cis-4,5-Epoxy-(E)-2-decenal | 0.070 | —/— | 0.452 | — | — |
β-石竹烯 β-Caryophyllene | 64.000 | 木香型/胡椒味 Wood/peppery-like | 0.411 | 0.445 | 0.479 |
芳樟醇 Linalool | 6.000 | 花香型/玫瑰香味 Floral/rose-like | 0.398 | 0.422 | 0.346 |
β-芹子烯 β-Selinene | 1.000 | 香草型/— Herbal/— | — | 0.249 | 0.338 |
3-甲基戊酸乙酯 Ethyl 3-methyl valerate | 0.008 | 果香型/菠萝味 Fruity/Pineapple-like | 0.290 | — | 0.157 |
橙花叔醇 Nerolidol | 15.000 | 花香型/柑橘味 Floral/citrus-like | 0.188 | 0.208 | 0.186 |
丁醛 Butanal | 2.000 | 刺激型/可可味 Pungent/cocoa-like | — | 0.146 | — |
乙苯 Ethylbenzene | 2.400 | —/— | — | 0.117 | — |
2-甲基丁基乙酸酯 2-Methyl butyl acetate | 5.000 | 果香型/香蕉味 Fruit/banana-like | — | — | 0.096 |
苯乙烯 Styrene | 3.600 | 甜香型/香膏味 Sweet/ balsamic-like | 0.075 | 0.085 | 0.034 |
异丁醛 Isobutyraldehyde | 1.000 | 清香型/麦芽味 Fresh/malty-like | 0.071 | — | — |
α-水芹烯 α-Phellandrene | 40.000 | 萜烯型/天兰葵味Terpene/geranium-like | 0.064 | 0.064 | 0.056 |
α-石竹烯 α-Caryophyllene | 160.000 | 木香型/浓丁香味Wood/spicy-clove-like | 0.055 | 0.059 | 0.064 |
D-柠檬烯 D-Limonene | 10.000 | 甜香型/橙味 Sweet/orange-like | 0.050 | 0.061 | 0.067 |
乙酸冰片酯 Bornyl acetate | 75.000 | 木香型/樟脑味 Wood/camphoreous-like | — | 0.090 | 0.044 |
萘 Naphthalene | 6.000 | 刺激型/树脂味 Pungent/resinous-like | 0.043 | — | — |
2-戊基呋喃 Furan, 2-pentyl- | 6.000 | 青香型/蔬菜味 Green/vegetable-like | 0.039 | 0.043 | 0.053 |
反式-β-罗勒烯 trans-β-Ocimene | 34.000 | 花香型/旱金莲花香Floral/nasturtium-like | 0.034 | 0.034 | 0.028 |
(Z)-石竹烯 (Z)-Caryophyllene | 64.000 | 甜香型/胡椒味 Sweet/peppery-like | — | — | 0.024 |
苯乙醛 Phenyl acetaldehyde | 4.000 | 甜香型/蜂蜜味 Sweet/honey-like | 0.020 | 0.019 | 0.013 |
己醛 Hexanal | 20.000 | 青香型/蔬菜味 Green/vegetative-like | 0.007 | — | — |
丙酸叔丁酯 Tert-butyl propionate | 43.000 | —/— | 0.006 | — | 0.005 |
异戊醇 Isoamylalcohol | 4.000 | 酒香型/威士忌味 Alcoholic/whiskey-like | 0.003 | — | 0.016 |
(E,E)-2,4-庚二烯醛 2,4-Heptadienal, (E,E)- | 15.400 | 油香型/坚果味 Fatty/nut-like | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.007 |
异丁酸丙酯 Propyl isobutyrate | 0.430 | 甜香型/甜瓜味 Sweet/melon-like | — | — | 0.004 |
2-正丁基呋喃 2-n-Butyl furan | 5.000 | 辛香型/葡萄酒味 Spicy/wine-like | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.004 |
庚醛 Heptanal | 2.800 | 清香型/香菜味 Fresh/cilantro-like | — | 0.003 | — |
苯乙醇 Phenylethyl alcohol | 1 000.000 | 花香型/玫瑰香味 Floral/rose-like | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.002 |
乙酸芳樟酯 Linalyl acetate | 1 000.000 | 花香型/薰衣草香味 Floral /lavender-like | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 |
己酸乙酯 Ethyl hexanoate | 1.000 | 甜香型/菠萝味 Sweet/pineapple-like | — | 0.002 | — |
α-松油烯 α-Terpinene | 85.000 | 木香型/茶香味 Wood/terpy-like | — | 0.002 | 0.002 |
丙苯 Phenylpropane | 177.120 | —/— | — | — | 0.002 |
丁香酚 Eugenol | 6.000 | 甜香型/丁香味 Sweet/clove-like | — | — | 0.002 |
异丁醇 Isobutyl alcohol | 550.000 | 酒香型/葡萄酒味 Alcoholic/winey-like | — | 0.001 | 0.002 |
十一酮 2-Undecanone | 41.000 | 果香型/奶酪味 Fruit/cheese-like | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
1-甲基萘 Naphthalene, 1-methyl- | 8.000 | 萘基型/樟脑味 Naphthyl camphor-like | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
水杨酸戊酯 Amyl salicylate | 2.900 | 香草型/三叶草香味 Herbal/clover-like | 0.001 | — | 0.001 |
戊酸乙酯 Ethyl Valerate | 5.000 | 甜香型/草莓味 Sweet/strawberry-like | 0.000 | — | 0.001 |
异丁酸戊酯 Amyl isobutyrate | 43.000 | 果香型/苹果味 Fruity/apple-like | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.000 |
表3 紫花含笑花被片主要挥发性成分香气强度
Table 3 The aroma intensity of main volatile components of Michelia crassipes tepals
化合物 Compound | 香气阈值/ (μg · kg-1) Odor threshold | 香气类型/香味特征 Aroma type/Aroma characteristics | 香气强度值(OAV) Aroma intensity value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
花蕾期 Bud | 初花期 First-open | 盛花期 Fully-open | |||
苯甲酸甲酯 Methyl benzoate | 0.520 | 香草型/甜香味 Herbal/sweet-like | 2.146 | 1.596 | 1.699 |
α-蒎烯 α-Pinene | 6.000 | 香草型/松节油味 Herbal/turpentine-like | 1.444 | 1.521 | 1.640 |
β-紫罗兰酮 β-Ionone | 0.100 | 花香型/鸢尾香味 Floral/orris-like | — | 1.202 | 1.286 |
顺式-β-罗勒烯 cis -β-Ocimene | 34.000 | 花香型/旱金莲花香Floral/nasturtium-like | 0.601 | 0.644 | 0.692 |
乙酸苄酯 Benzyl acetate | 2.000 | 甜香型/茉莉香 Sweet/jasmin-like | — | — | 0.657 |
顺-4,5-环氧-(E)-2-癸烯醛 cis-4,5-Epoxy-(E)-2-decenal | 0.070 | —/— | 0.452 | — | — |
β-石竹烯 β-Caryophyllene | 64.000 | 木香型/胡椒味 Wood/peppery-like | 0.411 | 0.445 | 0.479 |
芳樟醇 Linalool | 6.000 | 花香型/玫瑰香味 Floral/rose-like | 0.398 | 0.422 | 0.346 |
β-芹子烯 β-Selinene | 1.000 | 香草型/— Herbal/— | — | 0.249 | 0.338 |
3-甲基戊酸乙酯 Ethyl 3-methyl valerate | 0.008 | 果香型/菠萝味 Fruity/Pineapple-like | 0.290 | — | 0.157 |
橙花叔醇 Nerolidol | 15.000 | 花香型/柑橘味 Floral/citrus-like | 0.188 | 0.208 | 0.186 |
丁醛 Butanal | 2.000 | 刺激型/可可味 Pungent/cocoa-like | — | 0.146 | — |
乙苯 Ethylbenzene | 2.400 | —/— | — | 0.117 | — |
2-甲基丁基乙酸酯 2-Methyl butyl acetate | 5.000 | 果香型/香蕉味 Fruit/banana-like | — | — | 0.096 |
苯乙烯 Styrene | 3.600 | 甜香型/香膏味 Sweet/ balsamic-like | 0.075 | 0.085 | 0.034 |
异丁醛 Isobutyraldehyde | 1.000 | 清香型/麦芽味 Fresh/malty-like | 0.071 | — | — |
α-水芹烯 α-Phellandrene | 40.000 | 萜烯型/天兰葵味Terpene/geranium-like | 0.064 | 0.064 | 0.056 |
α-石竹烯 α-Caryophyllene | 160.000 | 木香型/浓丁香味Wood/spicy-clove-like | 0.055 | 0.059 | 0.064 |
D-柠檬烯 D-Limonene | 10.000 | 甜香型/橙味 Sweet/orange-like | 0.050 | 0.061 | 0.067 |
乙酸冰片酯 Bornyl acetate | 75.000 | 木香型/樟脑味 Wood/camphoreous-like | — | 0.090 | 0.044 |
萘 Naphthalene | 6.000 | 刺激型/树脂味 Pungent/resinous-like | 0.043 | — | — |
2-戊基呋喃 Furan, 2-pentyl- | 6.000 | 青香型/蔬菜味 Green/vegetable-like | 0.039 | 0.043 | 0.053 |
反式-β-罗勒烯 trans-β-Ocimene | 34.000 | 花香型/旱金莲花香Floral/nasturtium-like | 0.034 | 0.034 | 0.028 |
(Z)-石竹烯 (Z)-Caryophyllene | 64.000 | 甜香型/胡椒味 Sweet/peppery-like | — | — | 0.024 |
苯乙醛 Phenyl acetaldehyde | 4.000 | 甜香型/蜂蜜味 Sweet/honey-like | 0.020 | 0.019 | 0.013 |
己醛 Hexanal | 20.000 | 青香型/蔬菜味 Green/vegetative-like | 0.007 | — | — |
丙酸叔丁酯 Tert-butyl propionate | 43.000 | —/— | 0.006 | — | 0.005 |
异戊醇 Isoamylalcohol | 4.000 | 酒香型/威士忌味 Alcoholic/whiskey-like | 0.003 | — | 0.016 |
(E,E)-2,4-庚二烯醛 2,4-Heptadienal, (E,E)- | 15.400 | 油香型/坚果味 Fatty/nut-like | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.007 |
异丁酸丙酯 Propyl isobutyrate | 0.430 | 甜香型/甜瓜味 Sweet/melon-like | — | — | 0.004 |
2-正丁基呋喃 2-n-Butyl furan | 5.000 | 辛香型/葡萄酒味 Spicy/wine-like | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.004 |
庚醛 Heptanal | 2.800 | 清香型/香菜味 Fresh/cilantro-like | — | 0.003 | — |
苯乙醇 Phenylethyl alcohol | 1 000.000 | 花香型/玫瑰香味 Floral/rose-like | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.002 |
乙酸芳樟酯 Linalyl acetate | 1 000.000 | 花香型/薰衣草香味 Floral /lavender-like | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 |
己酸乙酯 Ethyl hexanoate | 1.000 | 甜香型/菠萝味 Sweet/pineapple-like | — | 0.002 | — |
α-松油烯 α-Terpinene | 85.000 | 木香型/茶香味 Wood/terpy-like | — | 0.002 | 0.002 |
丙苯 Phenylpropane | 177.120 | —/— | — | — | 0.002 |
丁香酚 Eugenol | 6.000 | 甜香型/丁香味 Sweet/clove-like | — | — | 0.002 |
异丁醇 Isobutyl alcohol | 550.000 | 酒香型/葡萄酒味 Alcoholic/winey-like | — | 0.001 | 0.002 |
十一酮 2-Undecanone | 41.000 | 果香型/奶酪味 Fruit/cheese-like | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
1-甲基萘 Naphthalene, 1-methyl- | 8.000 | 萘基型/樟脑味 Naphthyl camphor-like | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
水杨酸戊酯 Amyl salicylate | 2.900 | 香草型/三叶草香味 Herbal/clover-like | 0.001 | — | 0.001 |
戊酸乙酯 Ethyl Valerate | 5.000 | 甜香型/草莓味 Sweet/strawberry-like | 0.000 | — | 0.001 |
异丁酸戊酯 Amyl isobutyrate | 43.000 | 果香型/苹果味 Fruity/apple-like | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.000 |
化合物 Compound | PC1 | PC2 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
载荷量 Load capacity | 特征向量 Feature vector | 载荷量 Load capacity | 特征向量 Feature vector | |
α-愈创木烯 α-Guaiene | 0.948 | 0.125 | 0.318 | 0.063 |
大根香叶烯B Germacrene B | 0.962 | 0.127 | 0.272 | 0.054 |
顺-衣兰油-4(15), 5-二烯 cis-Muurola-4(15),5-diene | 0.957 | 0.126 | 0.291 | 0.058 |
β-石竹烯 β-Caryophyllene | 1.000 | 0.132 | -0.007 | -0.001 |
双环倍半水芹烯 Bicyclosesquiphellandrene | 0.984 | 0.130 | 0.179 | 0.035 |
顺式-β-罗勒烯 cis-β-Ocimene | 1.000 | 0.132 | -0.030 | -0.006 |
β-律草烯 β-Humulene | 0.973 | 0.128 | -0.232 | -0.046 |
双环大根香叶烯 Bicyclogermacrene | 0.987 | 0.130 | -0.158 | -0.031 |
γ-依兰油烯 γ-Muurolene | 0.909 | 0.120 | -0.418 | -0.083 |
α-古巴烯 α-Copaene | 0.943 | 0.124 | 0.334 | 0.066 |
α-布藜烯 α-Bulnesene | 0.897 | 0.118 | 0.441 | 0.087 |
间苯二甲酸二烯丙酯 Diallyl isophthalate | -0.864 | -0.114 | 0.503 | 0.100 |
β-古巴烯 β-Copaene | 0.980 | 0.129 | 0.198 | 0.039 |
α-石竹烯 α-Caryophyllene | 0.999 | 0.132 | -0.034 | -0.007 |
α-蒎烯 α-Pinene | 0.992 | 0.131 | -0.125 | -0.025 |
大根香叶烯 D (-)-Germacrene D | 0.902 | 0.119 | 0.431 | 0.085 |
丙酮酸乙酯 Ethyl pyruvate | -0.416 | -0.055 | -0.909 | -0.180 |
乙酸乙烯酯 Acetic acid ethenyl ester | 0.952 | 0.126 | 0.305 | 0.060 |
巴伦西亚橘烯 Valencene(+)-Val | 0.894 | 0.118 | 0.448 | 0.089 |
氧化石竹烯 Caryophyllene oxide | 0.998 | 0.132 | 0.063 | 0.013 |
α-橄榄烯 α-Maaliene | 0.730 | 0.096 | 0.684 | 0.135 |
δ-杜松烯 δ-Cadinene | 0.864 | 0.114 | -0.503 | -0.100 |
α-古芸烯 α-Gurjunene | 0.864 | 0.114 | -0.503 | -0.100 |
姜烯 Zingiberene | 0.864 | 0.114 | -0.503 | -0.100 |
荜澄茄油烯 Cubenene | 0.813 | 0.107 | 0.582 | 0.115 |
香树烯 Alloaromadendrene | 0.864 | 0.114 | -0.503 | -0.100 |
γ-松油醇 γ-Terpineol | 0.999 | 0.132 | 0.032 | 0.006 |
桉叶-3,7(11)-二烯 Eudesma-3,7(11)-diene | -0.977 | -0.129 | 0.211 | 0.042 |
乙酸冰片酯 Bornyl acetate | 0.490 | 0.065 | 0.872 | 0.173 |
β-人参烯 β-Panasinsene | -0.984 | -0.130 | -0.179 | -0.035 |
巴豆酸异丁酯 2-Butenoic acid, 2-methylpropyl ester | 0.864 | 0.114 | -0.503 | -0.100 |
4-蒈烯 4-Carene | 0.824 | 0.109 | 0.566 | 0.112 |
油醇 Oleyl alcohol | 0.906 | 0.120 | 0.422 | 0.084 |
四氢东非马钱碱 Tetrahydro-akagerine | 0.864 | 0.114 | -0.503 | -0.100 |
橙花叔醇 Nerolidol | -0.053 | -0.007 | 0.999 | 0.198 |
去氢白菖烯 Calamenene | 0.960 | 0.127 | 0.282 | 0.056 |
β-杜松烯 β-Cadinene | 0.864 | 0.114 | -0.503 | -0.100 |
1-(1-乙基丙基)-2-丙基苯Benzene, 1-(1-ethylpropyl)-2-propyl- | 0.864 | 0.114 | -0.503 | -0.100 |
乙酸芳樟酯 Linalyl acetate | 0.999 | 0.132 | 0.032 | 0.006 |
香榧醇 Torreyol | -0.575 | -0.076 | -0.818 | -0.162 |
α-柏木萜烯 α-Funebrene | 0.822 | 0.108 | 0.569 | 0.113 |
邻苯二甲酸二环己酯 Dicyclohexyl phthalate | 0.864 | 0.114 | -0.503 | -0.100 |
邻苯二甲酸二丁酯 Dibutyl phthalate | 0.127 | 0.017 | -0.992 | -0.197 |
α-水芹烯 α-Phellandrene | -0.827 | -0.109 | 0.562 | 0.111 |
(1-乙基辛基)苯 Benzene, (1-ethyloctyl)- | 0.864 | 0.114 | -0.503 | -0.100 |
芳樟醇 Linalool | -0.670 | -0.088 | 0.742 | 0.147 |
己酸,3,5-二甲基环己酯Hexanoic acid,3,5-dimethylcyclohexyl ester | -0.972 | -0.128 | 0.236 | 0.047 |
6,9-愈创木二烯 Guaia-6,9-diene | -0.931 | -0.123 | 0.364 | 0.072 |
桉油烯醇 Spathulenol | 0.993 | 0.131 | -0.118 | -0.023 |
苯乙醇 Phenylethyl Alcohol | -0.395 | -0.052 | 0.919 | 0.182 |
异喇叭烯 (-)-Isoledene | 0.817 | 0.108 | 0.577 | 0.114 |
α-榄香烯 α-Elemene | -0.937 | -0.124 | 0.349 | 0.069 |
γ-榄香烯 γ-Elemene | -0.995 | -0.131 | 0.100 | 0.020 |
表双环倍半水芹烯 (+)-epi-Bicyclosesquiphellandrene | -0.942 | -0.124 | 0.337 | 0.067 |
异丁烯 Isobutylene | 0.725 | 0.096 | -0.689 | -0.137 |
β-荜澄茄烯 (-)-β-Cadinen | 0.761 | 0.100 | 0.649 | 0.129 |
异丁醇 Isobutyl alcohol | 0.993 | 0.131 | -0.116 | -0.023 |
异戊烯 Isoamylene | 0.714 | 0.094 | 0.700 | 0.139 |
α-芹子烯 α-Selinene | 0.864 | 0.114 | -0.503 | -0.100 |
邻苯二酚 Catechol | 0.864 | 0.114 | -0.503 | -0.100 |
4-苯基戊-1-烯 4-phenylpent-1-ene | 0.863 | 0.114 | 0.506 | 0.100 |
6,6-二甲基辛-1-烯-7-炔 1-Octen-7-yne, 6,6-dimethyl- | -0.883 | -0.116 | 0.468 | 0.093 |
α-荜澄茄油烯 (-)-α-Cubebene | 0.003 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.198 |
丙酮酸丙酯 Propyl pyruvate | 0.003 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.198 |
1-(1-乙基丙基)-4-甲基-苯Benzene,1-(1-ethylpropyl)-4-methyl- | 0.003 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.198 |
γ-杜松烯 γ-Cadinene | 0.003 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.198 |
蓝桉醇 Globulol | -0.666 | -0.088 | 0.746 | 0.148 |
α-雪松烯 α-Cedrene | 0.507 | 0.067 | 0.862 | 0.171 |
(Z)-石竹烯 (Z)-Caryophyllene | 0.003 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.198 |
乙酸苄酯 Benzyl acetate | 0.003 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.198 |
反式-β-罗勒烯 trans-β-ocimene | -0.884 | -0.117 | 0.468 | 0.093 |
2-蒈烯 2-Carene | -0.772 | -0.102 | 0.635 | 0.126 |
γ-桉叶醇 γ-eudesmol | -0.868 | -0.114 | -0.497 | -0.098 |
十一烷 Undecane | -0.868 | -0.114 | -0.497 | -0.098 |
4-庚烯-2-酮 4-Hepten-2-one | -0.868 | -0.114 | -0.497 | -0.098 |
苯甲酸甲酯 Methyl benzoate | -0.766 | -0.101 | -0.643 | -0.127 |
顺-4,5-环氧-(E)-2-癸烯醛 cis-4,5-Epoxy-(E)-2-decenal | -0.868 | -0.114 | -0.497 | -0.098 |
3-甲基戊酸乙酯 Ethyl 3-methyl valerate | -0.868 | -0.114 | -0.497 | -0.098 |
β-紫罗兰酮 β-Ionone | 0.897 | 0.118 | 0.441 | 0.087 |
丁醛 Butanal | 0.864 | 0.114 | -0.503 | -0.100 |
乙苯 Ethylbenzene | 0.864 | 0.114 | -0.503 | -0.100 |
β-芹子烯 β-Selinene | 0.966 | 0.127 | 0.260 | 0.051 |
表4 前2个主要成分的特征向量和载荷量
Table 4 Eigenvectors and load capacities of the first two principal components
化合物 Compound | PC1 | PC2 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
载荷量 Load capacity | 特征向量 Feature vector | 载荷量 Load capacity | 特征向量 Feature vector | |
α-愈创木烯 α-Guaiene | 0.948 | 0.125 | 0.318 | 0.063 |
大根香叶烯B Germacrene B | 0.962 | 0.127 | 0.272 | 0.054 |
顺-衣兰油-4(15), 5-二烯 cis-Muurola-4(15),5-diene | 0.957 | 0.126 | 0.291 | 0.058 |
β-石竹烯 β-Caryophyllene | 1.000 | 0.132 | -0.007 | -0.001 |
双环倍半水芹烯 Bicyclosesquiphellandrene | 0.984 | 0.130 | 0.179 | 0.035 |
顺式-β-罗勒烯 cis-β-Ocimene | 1.000 | 0.132 | -0.030 | -0.006 |
β-律草烯 β-Humulene | 0.973 | 0.128 | -0.232 | -0.046 |
双环大根香叶烯 Bicyclogermacrene | 0.987 | 0.130 | -0.158 | -0.031 |
γ-依兰油烯 γ-Muurolene | 0.909 | 0.120 | -0.418 | -0.083 |
α-古巴烯 α-Copaene | 0.943 | 0.124 | 0.334 | 0.066 |
α-布藜烯 α-Bulnesene | 0.897 | 0.118 | 0.441 | 0.087 |
间苯二甲酸二烯丙酯 Diallyl isophthalate | -0.864 | -0.114 | 0.503 | 0.100 |
β-古巴烯 β-Copaene | 0.980 | 0.129 | 0.198 | 0.039 |
α-石竹烯 α-Caryophyllene | 0.999 | 0.132 | -0.034 | -0.007 |
α-蒎烯 α-Pinene | 0.992 | 0.131 | -0.125 | -0.025 |
大根香叶烯 D (-)-Germacrene D | 0.902 | 0.119 | 0.431 | 0.085 |
丙酮酸乙酯 Ethyl pyruvate | -0.416 | -0.055 | -0.909 | -0.180 |
乙酸乙烯酯 Acetic acid ethenyl ester | 0.952 | 0.126 | 0.305 | 0.060 |
巴伦西亚橘烯 Valencene(+)-Val | 0.894 | 0.118 | 0.448 | 0.089 |
氧化石竹烯 Caryophyllene oxide | 0.998 | 0.132 | 0.063 | 0.013 |
α-橄榄烯 α-Maaliene | 0.730 | 0.096 | 0.684 | 0.135 |
δ-杜松烯 δ-Cadinene | 0.864 | 0.114 | -0.503 | -0.100 |
α-古芸烯 α-Gurjunene | 0.864 | 0.114 | -0.503 | -0.100 |
姜烯 Zingiberene | 0.864 | 0.114 | -0.503 | -0.100 |
荜澄茄油烯 Cubenene | 0.813 | 0.107 | 0.582 | 0.115 |
香树烯 Alloaromadendrene | 0.864 | 0.114 | -0.503 | -0.100 |
γ-松油醇 γ-Terpineol | 0.999 | 0.132 | 0.032 | 0.006 |
桉叶-3,7(11)-二烯 Eudesma-3,7(11)-diene | -0.977 | -0.129 | 0.211 | 0.042 |
乙酸冰片酯 Bornyl acetate | 0.490 | 0.065 | 0.872 | 0.173 |
β-人参烯 β-Panasinsene | -0.984 | -0.130 | -0.179 | -0.035 |
巴豆酸异丁酯 2-Butenoic acid, 2-methylpropyl ester | 0.864 | 0.114 | -0.503 | -0.100 |
4-蒈烯 4-Carene | 0.824 | 0.109 | 0.566 | 0.112 |
油醇 Oleyl alcohol | 0.906 | 0.120 | 0.422 | 0.084 |
四氢东非马钱碱 Tetrahydro-akagerine | 0.864 | 0.114 | -0.503 | -0.100 |
橙花叔醇 Nerolidol | -0.053 | -0.007 | 0.999 | 0.198 |
去氢白菖烯 Calamenene | 0.960 | 0.127 | 0.282 | 0.056 |
β-杜松烯 β-Cadinene | 0.864 | 0.114 | -0.503 | -0.100 |
1-(1-乙基丙基)-2-丙基苯Benzene, 1-(1-ethylpropyl)-2-propyl- | 0.864 | 0.114 | -0.503 | -0.100 |
乙酸芳樟酯 Linalyl acetate | 0.999 | 0.132 | 0.032 | 0.006 |
香榧醇 Torreyol | -0.575 | -0.076 | -0.818 | -0.162 |
α-柏木萜烯 α-Funebrene | 0.822 | 0.108 | 0.569 | 0.113 |
邻苯二甲酸二环己酯 Dicyclohexyl phthalate | 0.864 | 0.114 | -0.503 | -0.100 |
邻苯二甲酸二丁酯 Dibutyl phthalate | 0.127 | 0.017 | -0.992 | -0.197 |
α-水芹烯 α-Phellandrene | -0.827 | -0.109 | 0.562 | 0.111 |
(1-乙基辛基)苯 Benzene, (1-ethyloctyl)- | 0.864 | 0.114 | -0.503 | -0.100 |
芳樟醇 Linalool | -0.670 | -0.088 | 0.742 | 0.147 |
己酸,3,5-二甲基环己酯Hexanoic acid,3,5-dimethylcyclohexyl ester | -0.972 | -0.128 | 0.236 | 0.047 |
6,9-愈创木二烯 Guaia-6,9-diene | -0.931 | -0.123 | 0.364 | 0.072 |
桉油烯醇 Spathulenol | 0.993 | 0.131 | -0.118 | -0.023 |
苯乙醇 Phenylethyl Alcohol | -0.395 | -0.052 | 0.919 | 0.182 |
异喇叭烯 (-)-Isoledene | 0.817 | 0.108 | 0.577 | 0.114 |
α-榄香烯 α-Elemene | -0.937 | -0.124 | 0.349 | 0.069 |
γ-榄香烯 γ-Elemene | -0.995 | -0.131 | 0.100 | 0.020 |
表双环倍半水芹烯 (+)-epi-Bicyclosesquiphellandrene | -0.942 | -0.124 | 0.337 | 0.067 |
异丁烯 Isobutylene | 0.725 | 0.096 | -0.689 | -0.137 |
β-荜澄茄烯 (-)-β-Cadinen | 0.761 | 0.100 | 0.649 | 0.129 |
异丁醇 Isobutyl alcohol | 0.993 | 0.131 | -0.116 | -0.023 |
异戊烯 Isoamylene | 0.714 | 0.094 | 0.700 | 0.139 |
α-芹子烯 α-Selinene | 0.864 | 0.114 | -0.503 | -0.100 |
邻苯二酚 Catechol | 0.864 | 0.114 | -0.503 | -0.100 |
4-苯基戊-1-烯 4-phenylpent-1-ene | 0.863 | 0.114 | 0.506 | 0.100 |
6,6-二甲基辛-1-烯-7-炔 1-Octen-7-yne, 6,6-dimethyl- | -0.883 | -0.116 | 0.468 | 0.093 |
α-荜澄茄油烯 (-)-α-Cubebene | 0.003 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.198 |
丙酮酸丙酯 Propyl pyruvate | 0.003 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.198 |
1-(1-乙基丙基)-4-甲基-苯Benzene,1-(1-ethylpropyl)-4-methyl- | 0.003 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.198 |
γ-杜松烯 γ-Cadinene | 0.003 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.198 |
蓝桉醇 Globulol | -0.666 | -0.088 | 0.746 | 0.148 |
α-雪松烯 α-Cedrene | 0.507 | 0.067 | 0.862 | 0.171 |
(Z)-石竹烯 (Z)-Caryophyllene | 0.003 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.198 |
乙酸苄酯 Benzyl acetate | 0.003 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.198 |
反式-β-罗勒烯 trans-β-ocimene | -0.884 | -0.117 | 0.468 | 0.093 |
2-蒈烯 2-Carene | -0.772 | -0.102 | 0.635 | 0.126 |
γ-桉叶醇 γ-eudesmol | -0.868 | -0.114 | -0.497 | -0.098 |
十一烷 Undecane | -0.868 | -0.114 | -0.497 | -0.098 |
4-庚烯-2-酮 4-Hepten-2-one | -0.868 | -0.114 | -0.497 | -0.098 |
苯甲酸甲酯 Methyl benzoate | -0.766 | -0.101 | -0.643 | -0.127 |
顺-4,5-环氧-(E)-2-癸烯醛 cis-4,5-Epoxy-(E)-2-decenal | -0.868 | -0.114 | -0.497 | -0.098 |
3-甲基戊酸乙酯 Ethyl 3-methyl valerate | -0.868 | -0.114 | -0.497 | -0.098 |
β-紫罗兰酮 β-Ionone | 0.897 | 0.118 | 0.441 | 0.087 |
丁醛 Butanal | 0.864 | 0.114 | -0.503 | -0.100 |
乙苯 Ethylbenzene | 0.864 | 0.114 | -0.503 | -0.100 |
β-芹子烯 β-Selinene | 0.966 | 0.127 | 0.260 | 0.051 |
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