‘海黄’牡丹花挥发性物质释放规律及PsGDS的克隆与表达分析

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0870

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以‘海黄’牡丹为材料，采用动态顶空套袋—吸附和GC-MS技术，分析其花挥发性物质成分和相对含量的变化规律。结果共检测出34种挥发性物质，不同花期花挥发性物质的释放量为盛开期 > 初开期 > 衰败期 > 绽口期，在花的不同部位中花瓣相对含量最高，日变化规律为先上升后下降，在14：00—16：00达到峰值，其中芳樟醇、2,6-辛二烯-1-二醇-3,7-二甲基、大根香叶烯D等化合物是挥发性物质主要成分。此外，克隆并鉴定了‘海黄’牡丹大根香叶烯D合成酶基因（Germacrene D synthase，PsGDS，GenBank 登录号为MZ513465），其开放阅读框为1 725 bp，编码574个氨基酸。序列相似性分析发现PsGDS与其他物种GDS平均序列相似性为52.6%，系统进化分析表明PsGDS与木本植物的进化关系较近，其中与葡萄的进化关系最近，与草本植物的进化关系较远。PsGDS在‘海黄’中的表达量高于其他几个牡丹品种，其时空表达模式为：在初花期表达量最高，花瓣中表达量最高，日变化中12：00—14：00表达量最高，其表达水平与大根香叶烯D相对释放规律一致，呈显著正相关。亚细胞定位分析表明PsGDS主要定位于细胞质中。PsGDS可能是控制‘海黄’牡丹大根香叶烯D化合物挥发量的关键基因，其编码的蛋白在细胞质中发挥功能，催化大根香叶烯D生成。

关键词: 牡丹, 花, 挥发性化合物, 大根香叶烯D合成酶

Abstract:

The regular patterns of volatile composition and relative content were analyzed with dynamic headspace bagging-adsorption and GC-MS technology in‘High Noon’of tree peony cultivar. The results showed that 34 compounds were detected and the sequences of the total relative content of the volatiles in different flowering periods was as follows：full blooming > initial flowering > decay period > blooming stage，and the highest relative content was in petals. The change during one day showed an increasing firstly and then a decrease，and reached the peak between 14：00—16：00. The linalool，2,6-Octadiene-1-diol-3,7-dimethyl，germacrene D were the main floral ingredients in the volatile of tree peony cultivar‘High Noon’. In addition, the gene Germacrene D synthase（PsGDS，GenBank accession No. MZ513465）was cloned and identified from tree peony cultivar‘High Noon’. The open reading frame of PsGDS is 1 725 bp，encoding 574 amino acids. The sequence similarity analysis between PsGDS and GDS of other species showed that the sequence similarity reached 52.6% on average，and phylogenetic analysis revealed that PsGDS has a close evolutionary relationship with woody plants，among which，grapes is the closest，and herbs is farther. The expression level in‘High Noon’is higher than other peony varieties，and the expression pattern of PsGDS showed the PsGDS was expressed the highest at the initial flowering stage of different flowering period，was also the highest at the petals of different flowering periods，and at the time period from 12：00 to 14：00 during one day. The expression pattern of PsGDS was consistent with GDS，showing a very significant positive correlation. Additionally，the analysis of subcellular localization of PsGDS revealed that PsGDS was mainly localized in the cytoplasm. These results indicated that the PsGDS was the key gene to control the volatilization of germacrene D in‘High Noon’，and play a catalytic role in the cytoplasm to catalyze the production of germacrene D.

Key words: tree peony, flower, emitted volatile, Germacrene D synthase

中图分类号:

S685.11

李瑞雅, 宋程威, 牛童非, 魏祯祯, 郭丽丽, 侯小改. ‘海黄’牡丹花挥发性物质释放规律及PsGDS的克隆与表达分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2023, 50(2): 331-344.

LI Ruiya, SONG Chengwei, NIU Tongfei, WEI Zhenzhen, GUO Lili, HOU Xiaogai. The Emitted Pattern Analysis of Flower Volatiles and Cloning of PsGDS Gene in Tree Peony Cultivar‘High Noon’[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(2): 331-344.

图/表 11

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引物用途 Primer use	引物名称 Primer name	引物序列（5′-3′） Primer sequence
PsGDS扩增 PsGDS amplification	GDS-F	ATGGGACAAAGTAACATTAACAGTTTTGC
PsGDS扩增 PsGDS amplification	GDS-R	TCATATTGCAATATGATCAACGAGTAATG
qRT-PCR	qRT-GDS-F	GCACAATCCCACTATCCTTCGCAAGAC
	qRT-GDS-R	CAGCGGAAGCTTGAGTAGACATCTCG
	Actin-F	ATTAGTCCTCTTCCAGCCTTCTTTG
	Actin-R	ATTATTTCCTTGCTCATACGGTCAG
表达载体构建 Construction of expression vector	GDS-OE-F	ACAGGGTACCCGGGGATCCATGGGACAAAGTAACATTAACAGTTTTGC
表达载体构建 Construction of expression vector	GDS-OE-R	GCCCATGTCGACTCTAGATATTGCAATATGATCAACGAGTAATGAGGAC

引物用途 Primer use	引物名称 Primer name	引物序列（5′-3′） Primer sequence
PsGDS扩增 PsGDS amplification	GDS-F	ATGGGACAAAGTAACATTAACAGTTTTGC
PsGDS扩增 PsGDS amplification	GDS-R	TCATATTGCAATATGATCAACGAGTAATG
qRT-PCR	qRT-GDS-F	GCACAATCCCACTATCCTTCGCAAGAC
	qRT-GDS-R	CAGCGGAAGCTTGAGTAGACATCTCG
	Actin-F	ATTAGTCCTCTTCCAGCCTTCTTTG
	Actin-R	ATTATTTCCTTGCTCATACGGTCAG
表达载体构建 Construction of expression vector	GDS-OE-F	ACAGGGTACCCGGGGATCCATGGGACAAAGTAACATTAACAGTTTTGC
表达载体构建 Construction of expression vector	GDS-OE-R	GCCCATGTCGACTCTAGATATTGCAATATGATCAACGAGTAATGAGGAC

品种 Cultivar	花香感官评定 Aroma sensory	等级 Grade
海黄High Noon	10.62	浓香 Heavy Scented
香玉Xiangyu	9.75	香 Scented
洛阳红Luoyanghong	7.85	微香 Lightly Scented
锦袍红Jinpaohong	6.13	微香 Lightly Scented
红花露霜Honghua Lushuang	6.06	微香 Lightly Scented

品种 Cultivar	花香感官评定 Aroma sensory	等级 Grade
海黄High Noon	10.62	浓香 Heavy Scented
香玉Xiangyu	9.75	香 Scented
洛阳红Luoyanghong	7.85	微香 Lightly Scented
锦袍红Jinpaohong	6.13	微香 Lightly Scented
红花露霜Honghua Lushuang	6.06	微香 Lightly Scented

化合物种类 Compound category	保留指数Retention index	相对释放量/% Relative content
化合物种类 Compound category	保留指数Retention index	绽口期 Blooming stage	初开期 Initial flowering	盛开期 Full blooming	衰败期 Decay period
乙苯Ethylbenzene	781	0.36 ± 0.02 b	0.67 ± 0.06 a	0.62 ± 0.08 a	0.36 ± 0.02 b
二甲苯Xylene	782	1.18 ± 0.01 b	2.22 ± 0.05 a	2.19 ± 0.12 a	1.06 ± 0.03 b
苯乙烯Styrene	785	—	—	—	0.28 ± 0.17 a
3-己醇3-Hexanol	867	0.66 ± 0.03 a	0.54 ± 0.07 b	0.73 ± 0.11 a	0.39 ± 0.03 c
a-蒎烯a-paixi	943	—	—	0.30 ± 0.01 a	—
癸烷Decane	998	—	—	0.28 ± 0.01 a	—
β-罗勒烯 β-ocimene	1 024	—	—	0.64 ± 0.01 a	—
芳樟醇Linalool	1 099	2.52 ± 0.06 d	19.88 ± 1.48 b	35.64 ± 2.27 a	10.09 ± 0.57 c
壬醛Nonanal	1 103	—	—	0.37 ± 0.01 a	—
吲哚Indol	1 096	—	—	0.41 ± 0.01 a	—
(E)4,8-二甲基-1,3,7-壬三烯(E)-4,8-Dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene	1 115	—	1.90 ± 0.15 a	1.50 ± 0.05 b	0.33 ± 0.03 c
2,6-辛二烯-1-二醇-3,7-二甲基 2,6-Octadiene-1-diol-3,7-dimethyl	1 231	—	0.71 ± 0.15 c	6.21 ± 0.24 a	1.49 ± 0.24 b
十二烷Dodecane	1 199	0.59 ± 0.01 b	1.09 ± 0.10 a	0.88 ± 0.31 a	0.92 ± 0.10 a
柠檬醛Citral	1 269	—	—	—	0.51 ± 0.04 a
十三烷Tridecane	1 303	1.20 ± 0.10 c	1.72 ± 0.11 b	1.46 ± 0.48 c	2.21 ± 0.20 a
3-苯基-2-丙烯醇2-Propenol,3-phenyl-	1 306	-—	0.72 ± 0.05 b	3.70 ± 0.01 a	—
十四烷Tetradecane	1 400	—	—	1.93 ± 0.77 c	1.98 ± 0.28 c
大根香叶烯D Germacrene D	1 481	1.70 ± 0.10 b	3.38 ± 0.20 a	1.34 ± 0.01 c	—
十五烷Pentadecane	1 502	3.47 ± 0.05 b	5.71 ± 0.31 a	6.04 ± 1.31 a	3.93 ± 0.43 b
a-法尼烯a-Farnesene	1 527			1.07 ± 1.61 b	5.06 ± 0.53 a
2,4-二叔丁基苯酚2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol	1 535	1.15 ± 0.12 b	1.18 ± 0.03 b	2.93 ± 0.05 a	0.62 ± 0.05 c
十六烷Hexadecane	1 606	2.90 ± 0.13 b	1.25 ± 0.28 c	3.84 ± 0.82 a	3.19 ± 0.28 b
6,9-十七碳二烯6,9-Heptadecadiene	1 674	0.82 ± 0.13 c	1.15 ± 0.07 b	1.81 ± 0.10 a	—
茉莉酸甲酯Methyl jasmonate	1 649	—	1.44 ± 0.13 a	1.60 ± 0.01 a	—
十七烷Heptadecane	1 705	8.88 ± 0.55 a	4.45 ± 0.23 b	2.97 ± 0.13 c	4.51 ± 0.26 b
十八烷Octadecane	1 805	—	0.99 ± 0.07 b	1.95 ± 0.03 a	0.64 ± 0.04 c
1-十九碳烯1-Nonadecene	1 875	1.65 ± 0.10 a	1.35 ± 0.05 b	1.10 ± 0.01 c	—
二十碳烯酸Eicosenoic acid	1 913	—	—	1.17 ± 0.01 a	—
邻苯二甲酸二丁酯Phthalic acid	1 971	0.46 ± 0.01 b	1.05 ± 0.07 a	—	—
廿十一烷Heneicosane	2 109	—	—	0.35 ± 0.01 a	—