园艺学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (12): 2743-2760.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0488
陈和敏1,2, 李佐1,*(), 马男3, 肖文芳1, 陈和明1, 吕复兵1, 李宗艳2, 朱根发1,*(
)
收稿日期:
2022-06-18
修回日期:
2022-10-07
出版日期:
2022-12-25
发布日期:
2023-01-02
通讯作者:
李佐,朱根发
E-mail:lizuo8375@126.com;zhugenfa@gdaas.cn
基金资助:
CHEN Hemin1,2, LI Zuo1,*(), MA Nan3, XIAO Wenfang1, CHEN Heming1, LÜ Fubing1, Li Zongyan2, ZHU Genfa1,*(
)
Received:
2022-06-18
Revised:
2022-10-07
Online:
2022-12-25
Published:
2023-01-02
Contact:
LI Zuo,ZHU Genfa
E-mail:lizuo8375@126.com;zhugenfa@gdaas.cn
摘要:
综述了影响兰花衰老的外部因素、衰老过程中内部组织代谢变化、乙烯合成及信号传导通路调控兰花衰老的分子机制,总结了常见的兰花切花和盆花中常用的保鲜处理技术手段、处理后的应用效果及兰花衰老相关基因改良研究;展望了利用现代基因工程技术,通过调控功能基因延缓兰花衰老进程而实现延长兰花观赏期的新途径。
中图分类号:
陈和敏, 李佐, 马男, 肖文芳, 陈和明, 吕复兵, 李宗艳, 朱根发. 兰花切花保鲜及盆花品质保持技术研究进展[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(12): 2743-2760.
CHEN Hemin, LI Zuo, MA Nan, XIAO Wenfang, CHEN Heming, LÜ Fubing, Li Zongyan, ZHU Genfa. Research Advances on Fresh-keeping Technologies of Orchid Cut Flowers and Potted Plants[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(12): 2743-2760.
种属 Genus | 衰老因素 Senescence factor | 衰老主要表现 Senescence performance | 参考文献 Reference |
---|---|---|---|
文心兰属 Oncidium | 温度偏高或偏低 The storage temperature is higher or lower | 高于15 ℃,衰老加快,褪色;低于9 ℃,造成寒害,花苞不开放 Flowers senescence accelerates and the color fade when the temperature is higher than 15 ℃,cold damage occurs and flower buds not blooming when the temperature is lower than 9 ℃ | 潘英文 等, |
花药帽脱落 Anther cap shedding | 花瓣提前1 ~ 3 d失水皱缩衰老 Petals dehydration and shrinkage earlier than the control for 1 to 3 days | 李欣 等, | |
外源乙烯 Exogenous ethylene | 花梗发黄,叶片黄化,花蕾脱落 Yellowing of the pedicels and the leaves,bud dropping on cut inflorescences | Raffeiner et al., | |
花期缩短 Florescence shortening | 程裕轩 等, | ||
花瓣提前2 ~ 3 d失水皱缩衰老 Petal dehydration and shrinkage earlier than the control for 2 to 3 days | 李欣 等, | ||
石斛属 Dendrobium | 正常大气压贮藏 Normal atmosphere storage | 生理活性增大,贮藏寿命缩短6 ~ 17 d Physiological activity increased,storage life shortened by 6 to 17 days | Poonsri, |
授粉 Pollination | 衰老进程加速,寿命缩短13.1 d Induced earlier senescence,vase life shortened by 13.1 days | Ketsa & Luangsuwalai, | |
授粉13 h后花瓣、萼片萎蔫 Visible wilting of petals and sepals after 13 h of pollination | Ketsa & Rugkong, | ||
外源乙烯 Exogenous ethylene | 花苞在3 ~ 4 d内褪色和枯萎 Flower buds faded and wilted in 3 to 4 days | 王郁芬 等, | |
花朵萎蔫率增加23.83%,叶片黄化率增加24% Flower wilting rate increased by 23.83%,leaf yellowing rate increased by 24% | 周彩莲, | ||
花蕾、花朵3 d内完全脱落 All floral buds and all open flowers abscised within 3 days | Uthaichay et al., | ||
蝴蝶兰属 Phalaenopsis | 低温摆放 Storage under low temperature | 低于10 ℃,易受寒害,花朵花苞凋谢 Cold damage occurs and flowers and floral buds wilting when the temperature is lower than 10 ℃ | 田丹青 等, |
季节差异 Seasonal differences | 春、夏两季瓶插寿命短于秋季1.6 ~ 2.7 d Longer vase life of 1.6 to 2.7 days in autumn than in spring or summer | Kim & Lee, | |
黑暗储运 Storage and shipping under dark conditions | 储运4 d,小花苞黄化、萎蔫 Flower buds yellowing and wilting after 4 days of storage and shipping | 张绮恂 等, | |
储运21 d,叶片黄化 Leaf yellowing after 21 days of storage and shipping | Hou et al., | ||
干旱、干旱和黑暗储运 Storage and shipping under drought or drought and dark conditions | 干旱:开花提前,开花数少,品质下降;干旱和黑暗:开花延迟,开花数少,叶片黄化 Drought induced early flowering with less flower number and lower quality;drought and darkness induced delayed flowering with fewer flower number and yellowing leaves | Jeong & Oh, | |
种属 Genus | 衰老因素 Senescence factor | 衰老主要表现 Senescence performance | 参考文献 Reference |
授粉 Pollination | 2 ~ 4 h后乙烯敏感性增加,12 h后乙烯产量增加,花朵在2 d内萎蔫 Ethylene sensitivity increased after 2 to 4 hours,ethylene production increased after 12 hours, and flowers wilted within 2 days | Porat et al., | |
外源乙烯 Exogenous ethylene | 处理7 d,萎蔫率达35.5% ~ 88.9% The wilting rate up to 35.5% to 88.9% after 7 days of treatment | 张绮恂 等, | |
花蕾花朵在3 d内衰败 Floral buds and flowers senescence within 3 days | Sun et al., | ||
花朵和花蕾萎蔫率达90%以上,花色变淡Floral buds and flowers senescence percentage up to more than 90%,and flower color fades | Favero et al., | ||
兰属 Cymbidium | 外源乙烯 Exogenous ethylene | 瓶插寿命缩短1.8 d,唇瓣变色萎蔫 Flower vase life shortening 1.8 days,labellum discoloration and wilting | Heyes & Johnston, |
授粉 Pollination | 缩短瓶插寿命5.8 d Flower vase life shortening 5.8 days | Heyes & Johnston, | |
卡特兰属 Cattleya | 外源乙烯 Exogenous ethylene | 衰老加速,缩短瓶插寿命3.5 d Increasing senescence,shortening flower vase life of 3.5 days | Yamane et al., |
指甲兰属 Aerides | 授粉 Pollination | 授粉后2 ~ 3 d内萎蔫,提前12 d衰败 Flower senescence in 2 to 3 days after pollination,earlier wilting of 12 days | Attri et al., |
钻喙兰属 Rhynchostylis | 授粉 Pollination | 授粉后3 ~ 4 d内萎蔫,提前17 d衰败 Flower senescence in 3 to 4 days after pollination,earlier wilting of 17 days | Attri et al., |
虾脊兰属 Calanthe | 采收阶段 Harvest stage | 开放20朵时采收较未开放采收缩短瓶插16 d Shorter vase life of 16 days during inflorescences harvested in the blooming period(20 opened florets)compare with in the budding period(0 opened florets) | Tsai et al., |
齿舌兰属 Odontoglossum | 外源乙烯 Exogenous ethylene | 7 d后花梗发黄,花蕾萎蔫 Yellowing of the pedicels and bud dropping on cut inflorescences after 7 days | Raffeiner et al., |
表 1 常见代表性兰花衰老主要因素及表现
Table 1 Main senescence factors and performances of popular commercial orchids
种属 Genus | 衰老因素 Senescence factor | 衰老主要表现 Senescence performance | 参考文献 Reference |
---|---|---|---|
文心兰属 Oncidium | 温度偏高或偏低 The storage temperature is higher or lower | 高于15 ℃,衰老加快,褪色;低于9 ℃,造成寒害,花苞不开放 Flowers senescence accelerates and the color fade when the temperature is higher than 15 ℃,cold damage occurs and flower buds not blooming when the temperature is lower than 9 ℃ | 潘英文 等, |
花药帽脱落 Anther cap shedding | 花瓣提前1 ~ 3 d失水皱缩衰老 Petals dehydration and shrinkage earlier than the control for 1 to 3 days | 李欣 等, | |
外源乙烯 Exogenous ethylene | 花梗发黄,叶片黄化,花蕾脱落 Yellowing of the pedicels and the leaves,bud dropping on cut inflorescences | Raffeiner et al., | |
花期缩短 Florescence shortening | 程裕轩 等, | ||
花瓣提前2 ~ 3 d失水皱缩衰老 Petal dehydration and shrinkage earlier than the control for 2 to 3 days | 李欣 等, | ||
石斛属 Dendrobium | 正常大气压贮藏 Normal atmosphere storage | 生理活性增大,贮藏寿命缩短6 ~ 17 d Physiological activity increased,storage life shortened by 6 to 17 days | Poonsri, |
授粉 Pollination | 衰老进程加速,寿命缩短13.1 d Induced earlier senescence,vase life shortened by 13.1 days | Ketsa & Luangsuwalai, | |
授粉13 h后花瓣、萼片萎蔫 Visible wilting of petals and sepals after 13 h of pollination | Ketsa & Rugkong, | ||
外源乙烯 Exogenous ethylene | 花苞在3 ~ 4 d内褪色和枯萎 Flower buds faded and wilted in 3 to 4 days | 王郁芬 等, | |
花朵萎蔫率增加23.83%,叶片黄化率增加24% Flower wilting rate increased by 23.83%,leaf yellowing rate increased by 24% | 周彩莲, | ||
花蕾、花朵3 d内完全脱落 All floral buds and all open flowers abscised within 3 days | Uthaichay et al., | ||
蝴蝶兰属 Phalaenopsis | 低温摆放 Storage under low temperature | 低于10 ℃,易受寒害,花朵花苞凋谢 Cold damage occurs and flowers and floral buds wilting when the temperature is lower than 10 ℃ | 田丹青 等, |
季节差异 Seasonal differences | 春、夏两季瓶插寿命短于秋季1.6 ~ 2.7 d Longer vase life of 1.6 to 2.7 days in autumn than in spring or summer | Kim & Lee, | |
黑暗储运 Storage and shipping under dark conditions | 储运4 d,小花苞黄化、萎蔫 Flower buds yellowing and wilting after 4 days of storage and shipping | 张绮恂 等, | |
储运21 d,叶片黄化 Leaf yellowing after 21 days of storage and shipping | Hou et al., | ||
干旱、干旱和黑暗储运 Storage and shipping under drought or drought and dark conditions | 干旱:开花提前,开花数少,品质下降;干旱和黑暗:开花延迟,开花数少,叶片黄化 Drought induced early flowering with less flower number and lower quality;drought and darkness induced delayed flowering with fewer flower number and yellowing leaves | Jeong & Oh, | |
种属 Genus | 衰老因素 Senescence factor | 衰老主要表现 Senescence performance | 参考文献 Reference |
授粉 Pollination | 2 ~ 4 h后乙烯敏感性增加,12 h后乙烯产量增加,花朵在2 d内萎蔫 Ethylene sensitivity increased after 2 to 4 hours,ethylene production increased after 12 hours, and flowers wilted within 2 days | Porat et al., | |
外源乙烯 Exogenous ethylene | 处理7 d,萎蔫率达35.5% ~ 88.9% The wilting rate up to 35.5% to 88.9% after 7 days of treatment | 张绮恂 等, | |
花蕾花朵在3 d内衰败 Floral buds and flowers senescence within 3 days | Sun et al., | ||
花朵和花蕾萎蔫率达90%以上,花色变淡Floral buds and flowers senescence percentage up to more than 90%,and flower color fades | Favero et al., | ||
兰属 Cymbidium | 外源乙烯 Exogenous ethylene | 瓶插寿命缩短1.8 d,唇瓣变色萎蔫 Flower vase life shortening 1.8 days,labellum discoloration and wilting | Heyes & Johnston, |
授粉 Pollination | 缩短瓶插寿命5.8 d Flower vase life shortening 5.8 days | Heyes & Johnston, | |
卡特兰属 Cattleya | 外源乙烯 Exogenous ethylene | 衰老加速,缩短瓶插寿命3.5 d Increasing senescence,shortening flower vase life of 3.5 days | Yamane et al., |
指甲兰属 Aerides | 授粉 Pollination | 授粉后2 ~ 3 d内萎蔫,提前12 d衰败 Flower senescence in 2 to 3 days after pollination,earlier wilting of 12 days | Attri et al., |
钻喙兰属 Rhynchostylis | 授粉 Pollination | 授粉后3 ~ 4 d内萎蔫,提前17 d衰败 Flower senescence in 3 to 4 days after pollination,earlier wilting of 17 days | Attri et al., |
虾脊兰属 Calanthe | 采收阶段 Harvest stage | 开放20朵时采收较未开放采收缩短瓶插16 d Shorter vase life of 16 days during inflorescences harvested in the blooming period(20 opened florets)compare with in the budding period(0 opened florets) | Tsai et al., |
齿舌兰属 Odontoglossum | 外源乙烯 Exogenous ethylene | 7 d后花梗发黄,花蕾萎蔫 Yellowing of the pedicels and bud dropping on cut inflorescences after 7 days | Raffeiner et al., |
种属 Genus | 处理方法 Treatment | 瓶插(储藏) 寿命延长/d Extension of vase life or storage time | 其他效果 Other effect | 参考文献 Reference | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
文心兰属 Oncidium | 11 ℃,7 d | 6.00 | 无冻害,老化率降低 No cold damage,decrease the rate of senescence | 潘英文 等, | ||
石斛属 Dendrobium | 气调聚丙烯薄膜 包装 + 13 ℃ Modified atmosphere (5% CO2 + 2% O2)with polypropylene(PP)film packaging + 13 ℃ | 7.99 | 降低呼吸速率、乙烯产生、花青素降解、蛋白质降解和电解质泄漏Efficiently reduced the respiration rate,ethylene production,anthocyanin degradation,protein degradation, and electrolyte leakage | Poonsri, | ||
CO2 + O2 + 13 ℃ | 16.60 | ACC合成酶、ACC氧化酶活性下降 Lower ACC synthase and ACC oxidase activity | Poonsri, | |||
聚丙烯薄膜包装 + 13 ℃ Polypropylene(PP)film packaging + 13 ℃ | 9.00 | 降低呼吸速率、乙烯产生、花青素降解 Reduced the respiration rate,ethylene production and anthocyanin degradation | Yimyong & Soni, | |||
石斛属 Dendrobium | SUC + AOA | 6.90 | 促进开放,抑制花和蕾脱落、萎蔫 Promoted blooming, delayed floral bud or flowers abscission and petal wilting | Rattanawisal- anon et al., | ||
SUC + 柠檬酸 + AgNO3 SUC + citric acid + AgNO3 | 8.00 | 保持花瓣形态及色泽 Maintained the shape and color of petals | 马红芸 等, | |||
SUC + Al2(SO4)3 | 17.00 | 花蕾100%开放,花朵零脱落 Bud open rate reached to100%,no flower shedding | Muraleedharan et al., | |||
咪鲜胺 + 温吐80(5 min) Prochloraz + Tween 80 (5 min) | / | 抑制花药黑腐病,延迟花朵脱落,增强吸水 Protected against black anther disease,delayed floret dropping,enhance water uptake | Komol et al., | |||
1-MCP + 臭氧水溶液 1-MCP + aquеous ozone | 6.60 | 提高开花率,抑制微生物生长 Increased blooming rate,inhibited microbial growth | Almasi et al., | |||
SUC + AOA | 7.00 | 保持花的最高吸水性 Maintained the highest water uptake by the flowers | Chandran et al., | |||
蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis | STS,1.5 h + SUC + 8-HQS + STS | 26.75 | 延缓鲜质量与超氧化物歧化酶活性降低的速度,减缓脯氨酸含量的升高 Decreased the fresh weight of cut flower and SOD content,slowed down the increase of amino acids contents | 孔芳 等, | ||
卡特兰 Cattleya | (5 ℃ + CO2),24 h | 5.00 | 降低呼吸速率Reduced the respiration rate | Burana & Yamane, | ||
BA,24 h | 3.40 or 9.40 | 抑制乙烯产生 Inhibited ethylene production | Yamane et al., | |||
SUC + 1-MCP + BA | 7.20 | / | Yamane et al., | |||
万代兰 Vanda | 1-MCP,6 h | / | 抑制外源乙烯引起的衰老 Inhibited senescence induced by exogenous ethylene | Khunmuang et al., | ||
STS,24 h + 活性氯 STS,24 h + chlorine | 8.00 | 降低呼吸速率,提高花朵吸水和鲜质量 Reduced respiration rate,improved flower solution uptake and fresh weight | Khunmuang et al., | |||
DICA | 6.00 | 抑制微生物大量繁殖 Inhibited the proliferation of microorganisms | Sattayawong et al., | |||
莫氏兰 Mokara | DICA + CPB(pH 5.4) | 9.20 | 抑制细菌繁殖 Inhibited bacterial growth | Buanong, | ||
1-MCP,4 h | 7.80 | 降低乙烯生成速率 Reduced ethylene production rate | Almasi et al., | |||
兰属 Cymbidium | 1-MCP,12 h | 6.90 | / | Heyes & Johnston, |
表2 常见商品兰花切花保鲜技术处理及效果
Table 2 Preservation treatments and effects of popular commercial orchid cut flowers
种属 Genus | 处理方法 Treatment | 瓶插(储藏) 寿命延长/d Extension of vase life or storage time | 其他效果 Other effect | 参考文献 Reference | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
文心兰属 Oncidium | 11 ℃,7 d | 6.00 | 无冻害,老化率降低 No cold damage,decrease the rate of senescence | 潘英文 等, | ||
石斛属 Dendrobium | 气调聚丙烯薄膜 包装 + 13 ℃ Modified atmosphere (5% CO2 + 2% O2)with polypropylene(PP)film packaging + 13 ℃ | 7.99 | 降低呼吸速率、乙烯产生、花青素降解、蛋白质降解和电解质泄漏Efficiently reduced the respiration rate,ethylene production,anthocyanin degradation,protein degradation, and electrolyte leakage | Poonsri, | ||
CO2 + O2 + 13 ℃ | 16.60 | ACC合成酶、ACC氧化酶活性下降 Lower ACC synthase and ACC oxidase activity | Poonsri, | |||
聚丙烯薄膜包装 + 13 ℃ Polypropylene(PP)film packaging + 13 ℃ | 9.00 | 降低呼吸速率、乙烯产生、花青素降解 Reduced the respiration rate,ethylene production and anthocyanin degradation | Yimyong & Soni, | |||
石斛属 Dendrobium | SUC + AOA | 6.90 | 促进开放,抑制花和蕾脱落、萎蔫 Promoted blooming, delayed floral bud or flowers abscission and petal wilting | Rattanawisal- anon et al., | ||
SUC + 柠檬酸 + AgNO3 SUC + citric acid + AgNO3 | 8.00 | 保持花瓣形态及色泽 Maintained the shape and color of petals | 马红芸 等, | |||
SUC + Al2(SO4)3 | 17.00 | 花蕾100%开放,花朵零脱落 Bud open rate reached to100%,no flower shedding | Muraleedharan et al., | |||
咪鲜胺 + 温吐80(5 min) Prochloraz + Tween 80 (5 min) | / | 抑制花药黑腐病,延迟花朵脱落,增强吸水 Protected against black anther disease,delayed floret dropping,enhance water uptake | Komol et al., | |||
1-MCP + 臭氧水溶液 1-MCP + aquеous ozone | 6.60 | 提高开花率,抑制微生物生长 Increased blooming rate,inhibited microbial growth | Almasi et al., | |||
SUC + AOA | 7.00 | 保持花的最高吸水性 Maintained the highest water uptake by the flowers | Chandran et al., | |||
蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis | STS,1.5 h + SUC + 8-HQS + STS | 26.75 | 延缓鲜质量与超氧化物歧化酶活性降低的速度,减缓脯氨酸含量的升高 Decreased the fresh weight of cut flower and SOD content,slowed down the increase of amino acids contents | 孔芳 等, | ||
卡特兰 Cattleya | (5 ℃ + CO2),24 h | 5.00 | 降低呼吸速率Reduced the respiration rate | Burana & Yamane, | ||
BA,24 h | 3.40 or 9.40 | 抑制乙烯产生 Inhibited ethylene production | Yamane et al., | |||
SUC + 1-MCP + BA | 7.20 | / | Yamane et al., | |||
万代兰 Vanda | 1-MCP,6 h | / | 抑制外源乙烯引起的衰老 Inhibited senescence induced by exogenous ethylene | Khunmuang et al., | ||
STS,24 h + 活性氯 STS,24 h + chlorine | 8.00 | 降低呼吸速率,提高花朵吸水和鲜质量 Reduced respiration rate,improved flower solution uptake and fresh weight | Khunmuang et al., | |||
DICA | 6.00 | 抑制微生物大量繁殖 Inhibited the proliferation of microorganisms | Sattayawong et al., | |||
莫氏兰 Mokara | DICA + CPB(pH 5.4) | 9.20 | 抑制细菌繁殖 Inhibited bacterial growth | Buanong, | ||
1-MCP,4 h | 7.80 | 降低乙烯生成速率 Reduced ethylene production rate | Almasi et al., | |||
兰属 Cymbidium | 1-MCP,12 h | 6.90 | / | Heyes & Johnston, |
图1 兰花切花主要衰老因素、衰老表现及常用保鲜处理简图
Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of main senescence factors,senescence performances and common preservation treatments of cut orchid flowers
品质保持技术 Preservation technology | 种属 Genus | 处理方法 Treatment | 效果 Preservation effect | 参考文献 Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
物理处理 Physical treatment | 墨兰 Cymbidium | 昼:20 ℃(12 h),夜:10 ℃(12 h) Daytime:20 ℃(12 h),nightime:10 ℃ (12 h) | 延长单花寿命3 d,延长花期 20 d Prolong the blooming time of single flower by 3 days and whole inflorescence by 20 days | 李淑娴, |
化学处理 Chemical treatment | 蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis | 1-MCP + 15 ℃贮藏4 d后,分别摆放在25、20、15、10和5 ℃的环境中 Plants storage with 1-MCP under 15 ℃ condition for 4 days, then placed at 25,20,15,10 and 5 ℃,respectively | 摆放在25、20和10 ℃的环境下分别延长第1朵花寿命17、13和16.25 d Prolonged the first flower’s life by 17 days at 25 ℃,13 days at 20 ℃ and 16.25 days at 10 ℃,respectively | 田丹青 等, |
1-MCP或STS处理 Treatment by 1-MCP or STS | 1-MCP 和STS分别延长第1朵花寿命16、18 d Prolonged the first flower’s life of 16 days by 1-MCP and 18 days by STS, respectively | 田丹青 等, | ||
0.1 μL · L-1 1-MCP,12 h | 萎蔫率降为0 Wilting rate reduced to 0 | Chang et al., | ||
200 nL · L-1 1-MCP,24 h | 抑制乙烯引起花朵、花苞的凋落 Inhibition flowers and floral buds from wilting and dropping caused by ethylene | Favero et al., | ||
6% 1-MCP喷施花序 Spraying the inflorescence with 6% 1-MCP | 延长花期最长14 d Prolonged flowering period up to 14 days | Gehl et al., | ||
800 μL · L-1 1-MCP | 将乙烯和黑暗引起的花朵和花苞萎蔫率分别降低到:0、7.5%、2.9%、7.5% Reduced the wilting rates of flowers and floral buds caused by ethylene and darkness up to 0,7.5%,2.9% and 7.5 %,respectively | 张绮恂 等, | ||
石斛兰 Dendrobium | 800 nL · L-1 1-MCP | 叶片黄化率降低2%,花朵脱落率降低 3.78% Reduced the yellowing rate of leaves by 2%, and the dropping rate of flowers by 3.78% | 周彩莲, | |
800 nL · L-1 1-MCP | 花朵和花苞萎蔫率降低为3%、0 Reduced the wilting rates of flowers and floral buds up to 3% and 0,respectively | 王郁芬 等, | ||
兰属 Cymbidium | 50 mg · L-1 SA喷施抽梗致大排铃期 Spraying the flowers from pedicel period to big bell stage with 50 mg · L-1 SA | 延长花期6.67 d Prolonged the flowering period of 6.67 days | 李淑娴, | |
50 mg · L-1 CCC处理花蕾 Treating the floral buds with 50 mg · L-1 CCC | 延长花期7 d Prolonged the flowering period of 7 days | 颜凤霞 等, |
表3 常见代表性兰花盆花品质保持技术
Table 3 Preservation treatments and effects of popular commercial potted orchid plants
品质保持技术 Preservation technology | 种属 Genus | 处理方法 Treatment | 效果 Preservation effect | 参考文献 Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
物理处理 Physical treatment | 墨兰 Cymbidium | 昼:20 ℃(12 h),夜:10 ℃(12 h) Daytime:20 ℃(12 h),nightime:10 ℃ (12 h) | 延长单花寿命3 d,延长花期 20 d Prolong the blooming time of single flower by 3 days and whole inflorescence by 20 days | 李淑娴, |
化学处理 Chemical treatment | 蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis | 1-MCP + 15 ℃贮藏4 d后,分别摆放在25、20、15、10和5 ℃的环境中 Plants storage with 1-MCP under 15 ℃ condition for 4 days, then placed at 25,20,15,10 and 5 ℃,respectively | 摆放在25、20和10 ℃的环境下分别延长第1朵花寿命17、13和16.25 d Prolonged the first flower’s life by 17 days at 25 ℃,13 days at 20 ℃ and 16.25 days at 10 ℃,respectively | 田丹青 等, |
1-MCP或STS处理 Treatment by 1-MCP or STS | 1-MCP 和STS分别延长第1朵花寿命16、18 d Prolonged the first flower’s life of 16 days by 1-MCP and 18 days by STS, respectively | 田丹青 等, | ||
0.1 μL · L-1 1-MCP,12 h | 萎蔫率降为0 Wilting rate reduced to 0 | Chang et al., | ||
200 nL · L-1 1-MCP,24 h | 抑制乙烯引起花朵、花苞的凋落 Inhibition flowers and floral buds from wilting and dropping caused by ethylene | Favero et al., | ||
6% 1-MCP喷施花序 Spraying the inflorescence with 6% 1-MCP | 延长花期最长14 d Prolonged flowering period up to 14 days | Gehl et al., | ||
800 μL · L-1 1-MCP | 将乙烯和黑暗引起的花朵和花苞萎蔫率分别降低到:0、7.5%、2.9%、7.5% Reduced the wilting rates of flowers and floral buds caused by ethylene and darkness up to 0,7.5%,2.9% and 7.5 %,respectively | 张绮恂 等, | ||
石斛兰 Dendrobium | 800 nL · L-1 1-MCP | 叶片黄化率降低2%,花朵脱落率降低 3.78% Reduced the yellowing rate of leaves by 2%, and the dropping rate of flowers by 3.78% | 周彩莲, | |
800 nL · L-1 1-MCP | 花朵和花苞萎蔫率降低为3%、0 Reduced the wilting rates of flowers and floral buds up to 3% and 0,respectively | 王郁芬 等, | ||
兰属 Cymbidium | 50 mg · L-1 SA喷施抽梗致大排铃期 Spraying the flowers from pedicel period to big bell stage with 50 mg · L-1 SA | 延长花期6.67 d Prolonged the flowering period of 6.67 days | 李淑娴, | |
50 mg · L-1 CCC处理花蕾 Treating the floral buds with 50 mg · L-1 CCC | 延长花期7 d Prolonged the flowering period of 7 days | 颜凤霞 等, |
图2 兰花盆花主要衰老因素、衰老表现及常用保鲜处理简图
Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of main senescence factors,senescence performances and common preservation treatments of potted orchids
改良兰花种属 Orchid genus | 功能基因 Functional gene | 基因来源 Origin | 改良效果 Improvement | 参考文献 Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
文心兰 Oncidium/ Oncidesa | mutant ethylene receptor ETHYLENE RESPONSE 1(etr1-1) | 拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana | 成功获得转基因植株,后续功能基因表达以及保鲜相关生理指标测定和分析有待开展 Oncidium‘Sweet Sugar’has been successfully transformed. In future gene expression of etr1-1 in different plant organs will be analysed and the postharvest physiology of etr1-1 transgenic plants tested | Raffeiner et al., |
Ethylene-insensitive 2,OnEIN2 | 文心兰 Oncidesa Gower Ramsey | 转基因植株的EIN2表达量有所下降,低于对照野生型 The expression level of OnEIN2 of transgenic materials was decreased and lowers than in controls | 时欢, | |
杂交文心兰 Burrageara | mutant ethylene receptor ETHYLENE RESPONSE 1(etr1-1) | 拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana | 可延长花朵寿命7 d,能显著延缓花芽凋落至少19 d Flower longevity was improved by 7 days,bud drop was efficiently prevented for at least 19 days in the transgenic plants | Winkelmann et al., |
石斛兰 Dendrobium | inverted repeat (IR) of ACC gene(IRACC) | 苹果 Apple | 与未转化对照相比,转基因株系在幼苗期抑制乙烯的能力显著高于非转基因株系 The ability for ethylene suppression by small potted transgenic plants was significantly higher in transgenic lines than in untransformed control | Zheng et al., |
ACC oxidase(ACO)gene(CP-ACO1) | 番木瓜 Carica papaya | 转基因植株的ACO酶活性和乙烯含量均低于非转基因植株 Lower ACO enzyme activity and lower ethylene production in transgenic orchid than that of the non-transgenic orchid plants | Sornchai & Chanprame, | |
转基因植株的花苞显著延迟败育和脱落,开放花朵寿命延长,衰老和脱落推迟 Delayed the abortion and abscission in floral buds,the life span of open flowers were increased and delayed the senescence and abscission of open flowers in transgenic orchid | Sornchai et al., | |||
蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis | PaFYF1/2 | 蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis | 作为抑制因子共同作用,通过抑制乙烯信号下游基因来抑制花器官的衰老和脱落 PaFYF1/2 work together to perform their functions as transcriptional repressors,to prohibit in regulating downstream of the ethylene signaling pathway genes,to prohibit flower senescence and abscission | Chen et al., |
齿舌兰属Odontoglossum | mutant ethylene receptor ETHYLENE RESPONSE 1(etr1-1) | 拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana | 已成功构建再生体系,携带功能基因的载体构建成功,后续有待获得转基因植株及保鲜功能验证 Successful establishment of a regeneration and transformation protocol,and an expression vector containing functional genes. In future transformed plants migh be obtained subsequently and gene expression will be analysed and the postharvest physiology tested | Raffeiner et al., |
大花蕙兰Cymbidium hybrid | mutant ethylene receptor gene,ERS(boers) | 花椰菜 Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L. | 降低转基因植株对乙烯的敏感性,外源乙烯干扰下导致非转基因植株的叶子快速褐变,而转基因植株叶子却没有变化 Reduced the ethylene sensitivity of transgenic plants,and under exogenous ethylene treatments,leaf sections from nontransformed control plants turned yellow and discolored,in contrast,all leaves of boers-transformed plants retained their green color | Chen et al., |
表4 基因工程技术改良兰花衰老
Table 4 Improvement of orchid senescence by genetic engineering technologies
改良兰花种属 Orchid genus | 功能基因 Functional gene | 基因来源 Origin | 改良效果 Improvement | 参考文献 Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
文心兰 Oncidium/ Oncidesa | mutant ethylene receptor ETHYLENE RESPONSE 1(etr1-1) | 拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana | 成功获得转基因植株,后续功能基因表达以及保鲜相关生理指标测定和分析有待开展 Oncidium‘Sweet Sugar’has been successfully transformed. In future gene expression of etr1-1 in different plant organs will be analysed and the postharvest physiology of etr1-1 transgenic plants tested | Raffeiner et al., |
Ethylene-insensitive 2,OnEIN2 | 文心兰 Oncidesa Gower Ramsey | 转基因植株的EIN2表达量有所下降,低于对照野生型 The expression level of OnEIN2 of transgenic materials was decreased and lowers than in controls | 时欢, | |
杂交文心兰 Burrageara | mutant ethylene receptor ETHYLENE RESPONSE 1(etr1-1) | 拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana | 可延长花朵寿命7 d,能显著延缓花芽凋落至少19 d Flower longevity was improved by 7 days,bud drop was efficiently prevented for at least 19 days in the transgenic plants | Winkelmann et al., |
石斛兰 Dendrobium | inverted repeat (IR) of ACC gene(IRACC) | 苹果 Apple | 与未转化对照相比,转基因株系在幼苗期抑制乙烯的能力显著高于非转基因株系 The ability for ethylene suppression by small potted transgenic plants was significantly higher in transgenic lines than in untransformed control | Zheng et al., |
ACC oxidase(ACO)gene(CP-ACO1) | 番木瓜 Carica papaya | 转基因植株的ACO酶活性和乙烯含量均低于非转基因植株 Lower ACO enzyme activity and lower ethylene production in transgenic orchid than that of the non-transgenic orchid plants | Sornchai & Chanprame, | |
转基因植株的花苞显著延迟败育和脱落,开放花朵寿命延长,衰老和脱落推迟 Delayed the abortion and abscission in floral buds,the life span of open flowers were increased and delayed the senescence and abscission of open flowers in transgenic orchid | Sornchai et al., | |||
蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis | PaFYF1/2 | 蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis | 作为抑制因子共同作用,通过抑制乙烯信号下游基因来抑制花器官的衰老和脱落 PaFYF1/2 work together to perform their functions as transcriptional repressors,to prohibit in regulating downstream of the ethylene signaling pathway genes,to prohibit flower senescence and abscission | Chen et al., |
齿舌兰属Odontoglossum | mutant ethylene receptor ETHYLENE RESPONSE 1(etr1-1) | 拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana | 已成功构建再生体系,携带功能基因的载体构建成功,后续有待获得转基因植株及保鲜功能验证 Successful establishment of a regeneration and transformation protocol,and an expression vector containing functional genes. In future transformed plants migh be obtained subsequently and gene expression will be analysed and the postharvest physiology tested | Raffeiner et al., |
大花蕙兰Cymbidium hybrid | mutant ethylene receptor gene,ERS(boers) | 花椰菜 Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L. | 降低转基因植株对乙烯的敏感性,外源乙烯干扰下导致非转基因植株的叶子快速褐变,而转基因植株叶子却没有变化 Reduced the ethylene sensitivity of transgenic plants,and under exogenous ethylene treatments,leaf sections from nontransformed control plants turned yellow and discolored,in contrast,all leaves of boers-transformed plants retained their green color | Chen et al., |
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