地面覆膜提升椪柑果实品质的效果和可能机制探究

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0720

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以椪柑（Citrus reticulata）‘鄂柑一号’为材料，探究地面覆膜对椪柑果实糖、酸含量和果皮色泽的影响，同时研究其可能的分子机制。结果表明：地面覆膜能显著提高椪柑果实可溶性固形物含量，蔗糖含量升高最为突出;覆膜处理使椪柑果实转色更快，成熟后果皮更红;然而覆膜对果实可滴定酸和柠檬酸含量影响不大。通过宽皮橘基因组分析，鉴定了6个蔗糖合酶基因（CrSUS1 ~ CrSUS6）和5个蔗糖磷酸合成酶基因（CrSPS1 ~ CrSPS4a/b）。基因表达分析发现，覆膜处理上调了多个CrSUS和CrSPS表达量。酶活性分析表明，覆膜处理增加了合成方向SUS酶活性，却降低了分解方向SUS酶活性。综上所述，地面覆膜能诱导椪柑果实SUS基因和SPS基因表达，促进了可溶性糖的合成，使果实糖分含量增加;此外，地面覆膜提高了果实固酸比，促进果实转色，因而在提升柑橘果实品质上有明显的效果。

关键词: 椪柑, 地面覆膜, 果实品质, 糖, 酸, 果实色泽, 蔗糖代谢

Abstract:

In the current study the effects of film mulching above the soil on sugar and acid content and peel color of Citrus reticulata‘Egan 1’ fruit and the possible molecular mechanisms were investigated. The results showed that film mulching could significantly increase the content of total soluble solids in the fruits，with the most prominent increase being detected in sucrose content. Film mulching promoted coloring of Ponkan fruits at an earlier stage，leading to more reddish peel at ripening. However，the contents of titratable acid and citric acid were not dramatically altered by film mulching. Six sucrose synthetase genes（CrSUS1-CrSUS6）and five sucrose phosphate synthetase genes（CrSPS1-CrSPS4a/b）were identified by analyzing the released genome of C. reticulata. Gene expression analysis showed that film mulching significantly up-regulated some of the CrSUS and CrSPS genes. In addition，film mulching increased activity of the SUS enzyme involved in sucrose synthesis，but decreased the one associated with sucrose decomposition. In conclusion，film mulching enhanced the synthesis of soluble sugars and increased the content of sugars by inducing the expression of SUS and SPS genes in Ponkan fruits. Meanwhile，film mulching effectively elevated the ratio of total soluble solids/titratable acid，leading to better flavor，and stimulated fruit coloring，which demonstrated that it has an obviously positive effect on improving fruit quality.

Key words: ponkan, Citrus reticulata, film mulching, fruit quality, total soluble solids, titratable acids, fruit color, sucrose metabolism

中图分类号:

S666.1

曾译可, 石莹, 陈思怡, 李国敬, 黄先彪, 谢宗周, 李春龙, 郭大勇, 刘继红. 地面覆膜提升椪柑果实品质的效果和可能机制探究[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(11): 2419-2430.

ZENG Yike, SHI Ying, CHEN Siyi, LI Guojing, HUANG Xianbiao, XIE Zongzhou, LI Chunlong, GUO Dayong, LIU Jihong. Effects of Film Mulching on Improving Fruit Quality of Ponkan and Possible Mechanisms[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(11): 2419-2430.

图/表 8

参考文献 37

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基因名称	上游引物（5′-3′）	下游引物（5′-3′）
Gene name	Forward primer	Reverse primer
CrSUS1	GAGTGGAGTGTATGGCTTCTG	CTGAACCTGCTTGCGATACA
CrSUS2	TAGCTGGGGTTTATGGCTTCTG	GACGGACTTTGCCAGATCAC
CrSUS3	TCTGATGGAGGGCTTAAAAGGA	GGTCTCACGCCTCTCAAGTT
CrSUS4	ATGTATCTAACCTTGATCGGCTTGA	TCCACAGCCAGAGGAACAGAT
CrSUS5	TTGAACAAGGGGCAGAAACT	TGACTGCTGGCTCTGACATT
CrSUS6	ACAAAGTGCTGAACATGGGA	TGCAGGTTGCTGGGATTCAA
CrSPS1	GGCTCGTCAGAAAAAGCAGC	GAGCCGATACATCGCTGACA
CrSPS2	CAGCTGGGGTTTCCTCCTTT	ACCAGAAACAGCGTCAGTCC
CrSPS3	TCAAGGTTGTTGCCACTCGT	CCTTGTTCCCGCTCCAATCT
CrSPS4a	CAGGAGCAGAGACCCGAAAA	ACCACATTTAACCTTGATCCTGC
CrSPS4b	ATATGTGCTGGCGCATTTGG	GCGGCATCATTACGACCTTG

基因名称	上游引物（5′-3′）	下游引物（5′-3′）
Gene name	Forward primer	Reverse primer
CrSUS1	GAGTGGAGTGTATGGCTTCTG	CTGAACCTGCTTGCGATACA
CrSUS2	TAGCTGGGGTTTATGGCTTCTG	GACGGACTTTGCCAGATCAC
CrSUS3	TCTGATGGAGGGCTTAAAAGGA	GGTCTCACGCCTCTCAAGTT
CrSUS4	ATGTATCTAACCTTGATCGGCTTGA	TCCACAGCCAGAGGAACAGAT
CrSUS5	TTGAACAAGGGGCAGAAACT	TGACTGCTGGCTCTGACATT
CrSUS6	ACAAAGTGCTGAACATGGGA	TGCAGGTTGCTGGGATTCAA
CrSPS1	GGCTCGTCAGAAAAAGCAGC	GAGCCGATACATCGCTGACA
CrSPS2	CAGCTGGGGTTTCCTCCTTT	ACCAGAAACAGCGTCAGTCC
CrSPS3	TCAAGGTTGTTGCCACTCGT	CCTTGTTCCCGCTCCAATCT
CrSPS4a	CAGGAGCAGAGACCCGAAAA	ACCACATTTAACCTTGATCCTGC
CrSPS4b	ATATGTGCTGGCGCATTTGG	GCGGCATCATTACGACCTTG

处理 Treatment	总甜度 Sweetness value	甜酸比 Sweetness/Acid	糖酸比 Sugar/Acid	固酸比 TSS/TA
对照Control	10 902.38 ± 184.27	1 975.43 ± 66.82	17.29 ± 0.62	21.02 ± 0.41
覆膜 Film mulching	12 056.88 ± 49.30^*	2 128.22 ± 18.89^*	18.61 ± 0.15^*	22.24 ± 0.31^*

处理 Treatment	总甜度 Sweetness value	甜酸比 Sweetness/Acid	糖酸比 Sugar/Acid	固酸比 TSS/TA
对照Control	10 902.38 ± 184.27	1 975.43 ± 66.82	17.29 ± 0.62	21.02 ± 0.41
覆膜 Film mulching	12 056.88 ± 49.30^*	2 128.22 ± 18.89^*	18.61 ± 0.15^*	22.24 ± 0.31^*

基因名称 Gene name	基因编号 Gene ID	蛋白长度/aa Protein length	分子量/kD Molecular weight	亚细胞定位 Subcellular localization	等电点 Isoelectric point	拟南芥Arabidopsis
基因名称 Gene name	基因编号 Gene ID	蛋白长度/aa Protein length	分子量/kD Molecular weight	亚细胞定位 Subcellular localization	等电点 Isoelectric point	同源基因 Homologous gene	氨基酸相似性/% Similarity of amino acid
CrSUS1	MSYJ123140	795	90.75	细胞膜Plasma membrane	5.77	AT5G20830	74
CrSUS2	MSYJ140250	808	92.62	细胞质 Cytoplasm	5.96	AT5G49190	82
CrSUS3	MSYJ114300	811	92.68	细胞质 Cytoplasm	6.04	AT4G02280	85
CrSUS4	MSYJ123080	805	92.17	细胞质 Cytoplasm	5.90	AT3G43190	85
CrSUS5	MSYJ034930	839	95.32	叶绿体Chloroplast	5.93	AT5G37180	74
CrSUS6	MSYJ073400	860	97.29	叶绿体Chloroplast	7.00	AT1G73370	73
CrSPS1	MSYJ121630	980	109.19	叶绿体Chloroplast	6.25	AT5G20280	78
CrSPS2	MSYJ156900	1 054	117.72	叶绿体Chloroplast	6.33	AT5G11110	72
CrSPS3	MSYJ073580	1 067	120.09	叶绿体Chloroplast	6.14	AT1G04920	78
CrSPS4a	MSYJ275740	848	94.59	叶绿体Chloroplast	6.27	AT4G10120	75
CrSPS4b	MSYJ214500	1 024	115.04	叶绿体Chloroplast	6.34	AT4G10120	72