燕山板栗种质资源叶片表型性状多样性研究

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0760

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了给燕山板栗资源保护、开发和科学利用提供数据基础和依据,对燕山地区11个群体的149份板栗资源的28个叶片表型性状进行了多样性研究。结果表明：（1）在群体间23个数量表型性状中仅有4个性状存在显著或极显著差异（P < 0.05或P < 0.01）,5个质量性状均无显著差异,但在群体内所有数量性状均存在极显著差异（P < 0.01）,说明燕山板栗叶片表型在群体间变异处于较低水平,在群体内存在丰富变异。（2）群体间叶片表型分化系数V_ST为7.80%,远小于群体内变异在总变异中的占比（92.20%）,认为燕山板栗叶片表型变异主要来源于群体内。（3）燕山板栗28个叶片表型性状的平均变异系数（CV）和多样性指数（H’）分别为15.91%和1.24,5个质量性状中以叶片形状的CV和H’最高（34.44%,0.82）、叶缘特征最低（只有具锯齿表型）;23个数量性状的CV在4.52%（气孔宽）~ 28.32%（锯齿深度）之间,H’在1.97（叶片长/宽）~ 2.09（叶柄长）之间。生理指标、外观形态和解剖结构这3类性状的平均H’分别为2.05、2.04和2.04,CV为外观形态（12.61%）> 生理性状（12.53%）> 解剖结构（10.29%）。（4）叶厚、栅栏组织厚度、叶片面积、叶片长/宽、气孔长、气孔密度、比叶质量、锯齿与叶缘间角度和锯齿深度这9个表型性状含有丰富的遗传信息,可作为燕山板栗叶片多样性分析的典型性状。（5）基于9个典型叶片性状,在欧氏距离为5时可将149份燕山板栗资源划分为5个类群。

关键词: 板栗, 资源, 燕山地区, 叶片, 表型性状, 多样性

Abstract:

In order to provide data basis and theory reference for the protection,development and utilization of Yanshan chestnut resources. The diversity of 28 leaf phenotypic traits（five quality traits and 23 quantitative traits）of 149 germplasm resources from 11 Yanshan populations was studied. The results showed that：（1）There were significant differences（P < 0.01）in 28 leaves quantitative traits within the population,and only four quantitative traits had significant or extremely significant differences among populations. There were no significant differences in five quality traits among populations,indicated that the phenotypic variation of Yanshan chestnut leaves was at a low level among populations,and there were abundant variations within populations.（2）The average of phenotypic differentiation coefficient among populations were 7.80%,which was much less than that within populations（92.20%）. It showed that the variation within populations was the main source of variation.（3）The average variation coefficient（CV）and the Shannon-Wiener index（H'）of leave phenotypic traits were 15.91% and 1.24,respectively. Among the five quality traits,the variation coefficient（CV）and Shannon-Wiener index（H'）of leaf shape were the highest（34.44%,0.82）,the variation coefficient（CV）and Shannon-Wiener index（H'）of leaf margin character were the lowest（0,0）. The variation coefficient（CV）of 23 quantitative traits ranged from 4.52%（Stoma width）to 28.32%（sawtooth depth）,and the Shannon-Wiener index（H'）ranged from 1.97（leaf length/width）to 2.09（Petiole length）. The average Shannon-Wiener index（H'）of physiological,appearance and anatomical structure were 2.05,2.04 and 2.04,respectively,and the average variation coefficient（CV）from high to low was 12.61%（appearance）> 12.53%（physiological）> 10.29%（anatomical structure）.（4）The nine quantitative traits（leaf thickness,thickness of palisade tissue,leaf area,leaf length/width,stoma length,stoma density,leaf mass per area,the angle between sawtooth and leaf margin and sawtooth depth）contained abundant genetic information,which could be used as typical traits for phenotypic diversity analysis of Yanshan chestnut leaves.（5）Based on nine typical leaf traits,149 chestnut resources were clustered into five groups at the Euclidean distance of five.

Key words: chestnut, resource, Yanshan, leaf, phenotypic trait, phenotypic diversity

中图分类号:

S664.2

郭燕, 张树航, 李颖, 张馨方, 王英杰, 王广鹏. 燕山板栗种质资源叶片表型性状多样性研究[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(8): 1673-1688.

GUO Yan, ZHANG Shuhang, LI Ying, ZHANG Xinfang, WANG Yingjie, WANG Guangpeng. Diversity Analysis of Leaves Phenotypic Traits of Yanshan Chestnut[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(8): 1673-1688.

图/表 10

参考文献 33

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序号 No.	来源 Source	名称 Name	类型 Type	序号 No.	来源 Source	名称 Name	类型 Type
1	昌黎Changli	14-39	A	76	青龙Qinglong	下庄4号Xiazhuang 4	C
2		2-84	A	77		凤2 Feng 2	C
3		D 5-71	A	78		去暑红-1 Qushuhong-1	B
4		X 12-55	A	79		去暑红-2 Qushuhong-2	B
5		X 12	A	80		白露Bailu	B
6		何家坟5 Hejiafen 5	A	81		燕秋 Yanqiu	B
7		M 17-21	A	82		YL-1	B
8		波叶栗Boyeli	B	83	迁西Qianxi	早3113 Zao 3113	B
9		三色栗Sanseli	B	84		迁西壮栗Qianxi Zhuangli	B
10		M 18-16	A	85		迁西早红Qianxi Zaohong	B
11		1209	A	86		石场子1-1 Shichangzi 1-1	C
12		D 5-50	A	87		变异燕奎Bianyi Yankui	B
13		园门实生Yuanmen Shisheng	A	88		西寨2号Xizhai 2	A
14		H 7-5	A	89		西寨1号Xizhai 1	A
15		H 2-4	A	90		侯2 Hou 2	A
16		X 49-70	A	91		贾古11Jiagu 1	A
17		D 6-87	A	92		干2-2 Gan 2-2	A
18		早2 Zao 2	B	93		西变1 Xibian 1	B
19		明丰2号Mingfeng 2	B	94		石场子2-2 Shichangzi 2-2	C
20		早3 Zao 3	B	95		杨家峪13 Yangjiayu 13	C
21		H 7-1	A	96		杨家峪5号Yangjiayu 5	C
22		M替码实生 Tima Shisheng M	A	97		牛1 Niu 1	C
23		南垂5号Nanchui 5	B	98		杨家峪1号Yangjiayu 1	C
24		848	A	99		长南庄2号Changnanzhuang 2	C
25		早1 Zao 1	B	100		杨家峪1-6 Yangjiayu 1-6	C
序号 No.	来源 Source	名称 Name	类型 Type	序号 No.	来源 Source	名称 Name	类型 Type
26	昌黎Changli	冀栗1号Jili 1	B	101	迁西Qianxi	周家峪6号Zhoujiayu 6	C
27		燕栗1号Yanli 1	B	102		大36 Da 36	B
28	宽城Kuancheng	榆树沟1Yushugou 1	C	103		替码珍珠Tima Zhenzhu	B
29		大桑园1号Dasangyuan 1	C	104		燕奎Yankui	B
30		金1 Jin 1	C	105		燕山早丰Yanshan Zaofeng	B
31		金2 Jin 2	C	106		燕光 Yanguang	B
32		屈家早Qujiazao	A	107		燕山短枝Yanshan Duanzhi	B
33		崔1 Cui 1	C	108	迁安Qianan	迁早2 Qianzao 2	B
34		艾峪口Aiyukou	C	109		桑6 Sang 6	C
35		熊84 Xiong 84	B	110		桑1 Sang 1	C
36		塌山1号Tashan 1	C	111		迁早1 Qianzao 1	B
37		岔3 Cha 3	C	112	遵化Zunhua	短刺大青Duanci Daqing	B
38		浡1 Bo 1	B	113		遵玉Zunyu	B
39		榆树沟2 Yushugou 2	C	114		西沟1 Xigou 1	B
40		燕宽Yankuan	B	115		遵化短刺Zunhua Duanci	B
41		下六Xialiu	C	116		小官10 Xiaoguan 10	B
42		毛栗Maoli	B	117		紫珀Zipo	B
43		大板红Dabanhong	B	118		遵古12 Zungu 12	B
44		燕金Yanjin	B	119		达1-3 Da 1-3	B
45	兴隆Xinglong	东优1号Dongyou 1	C	120		关堂64 Guantang 64	C
46		东优2号Dongyou 2	C	121		东陵明珠Dongling Mingzhu	B
47		桥7 Qiao 7	C	122		塔54 Ta 54	A
48		兴隆短刺Xinglong Duanci	B	123		东沟峪39 Donggouyu 39	C
49		晚早5 Wanzao 5	B	124		塔14 Ta 14	C
50		大31 Da 31	B	125		燕晶Yanjing	B
51		陈中熟Chenzhongshu	C	126	抚宁Funing	抚古6 Fugu 6	C
52		XL-001	C	127		抚古3 Fugu 3	C
53		XL-002	C	128		抚宁薄皮Funing Baopi	B
54		沙坡峪3号Shapoyu 3	C	129		燕明 Yanming	B
55		龙湾1号Longwan 1	A	130	密云Miyun	密古3 Migu 3	C
56		龙湾5号Longwan 5	A	131		密古1 Migu 1	C
57		大录洞Daludong	C	132		密W1 MiW 1	C
58		赵杖子11 Zhaozhangzi 11	C	133		密丰1 Mifeng 1	C
59		沙坡峪1号Shapoyu 1	C	134		密古5 Migu 5	C
60		南天门乡Nantian Menxiang	C	135		密丰2 Mifeng 2	C
61		大兰口Dalankou	C	136		密张1 Mizhang 1	C
62		徐玉明1 Xuyuming 1	C	137		密大粒1 Midali 1	C
63		左贵生Zuoguisheng	C	138		密Z-2 MiZ-2	C
64		陆南优1 Lunanyou 1	C	139	怀柔Huairou	怀丰Huaifeng	B
65		牛4 Niu 4	C	140		黑8 Hei 8	B
66		燕兴Yanxing	B	141		短花Duanhua	B
67	青龙Qinglong	燕宝 Yanbao	B	142		怀黄Huaihuang	B
68		YZ-1	B	143		京暑红Jingshuhong	B
69		燕丽Yanli	B	144		怀九Huaijiu	B
70		白露母Bailumu	B	145		北京8号Beijing 8	B
71		大青裂Daqinglie	B	146		燕丰Yanfeng	B
72		去暑红Qushuhong	B	147	昌平Changpin	燕平Yanping	B
73		白底Baidi	B	148		燕昌Yanchang	B
74		青实Qingshi	B	149		燕红Yanhong	B
75		上52 Shang 52	C

序号 No.	来源 Source	名称 Name	类型 Type	序号 No.	来源 Source	名称 Name	类型 Type
1	昌黎Changli	14-39	A	76	青龙Qinglong	下庄4号Xiazhuang 4	C
2		2-84	A	77		凤2 Feng 2	C
3		D 5-71	A	78		去暑红-1 Qushuhong-1	B
4		X 12-55	A	79		去暑红-2 Qushuhong-2	B
5		X 12	A	80		白露Bailu	B
6		何家坟5 Hejiafen 5	A	81		燕秋 Yanqiu	B
7		M 17-21	A	82		YL-1	B
8		波叶栗Boyeli	B	83	迁西Qianxi	早3113 Zao 3113	B
9		三色栗Sanseli	B	84		迁西壮栗Qianxi Zhuangli	B
10		M 18-16	A	85		迁西早红Qianxi Zaohong	B
11		1209	A	86		石场子1-1 Shichangzi 1-1	C
12		D 5-50	A	87		变异燕奎Bianyi Yankui	B
13		园门实生Yuanmen Shisheng	A	88		西寨2号Xizhai 2	A
14		H 7-5	A	89		西寨1号Xizhai 1	A
15		H 2-4	A	90		侯2 Hou 2	A
16		X 49-70	A	91		贾古11Jiagu 1	A
17		D 6-87	A	92		干2-2 Gan 2-2	A
18		早2 Zao 2	B	93		西变1 Xibian 1	B
19		明丰2号Mingfeng 2	B	94		石场子2-2 Shichangzi 2-2	C
20		早3 Zao 3	B	95		杨家峪13 Yangjiayu 13	C
21		H 7-1	A	96		杨家峪5号Yangjiayu 5	C
22		M替码实生 Tima Shisheng M	A	97		牛1 Niu 1	C
23		南垂5号Nanchui 5	B	98		杨家峪1号Yangjiayu 1	C
24		848	A	99		长南庄2号Changnanzhuang 2	C
25		早1 Zao 1	B	100		杨家峪1-6 Yangjiayu 1-6	C
序号 No.	来源 Source	名称 Name	类型 Type	序号 No.	来源 Source	名称 Name	类型 Type
26	昌黎Changli	冀栗1号Jili 1	B	101	迁西Qianxi	周家峪6号Zhoujiayu 6	C
27		燕栗1号Yanli 1	B	102		大36 Da 36	B
28	宽城Kuancheng	榆树沟1Yushugou 1	C	103		替码珍珠Tima Zhenzhu	B
29		大桑园1号Dasangyuan 1	C	104		燕奎Yankui	B
30		金1 Jin 1	C	105		燕山早丰Yanshan Zaofeng	B
31		金2 Jin 2	C	106		燕光 Yanguang	B
32		屈家早Qujiazao	A	107		燕山短枝Yanshan Duanzhi	B
33		崔1 Cui 1	C	108	迁安Qianan	迁早2 Qianzao 2	B
34		艾峪口Aiyukou	C	109		桑6 Sang 6	C
35		熊84 Xiong 84	B	110		桑1 Sang 1	C
36		塌山1号Tashan 1	C	111		迁早1 Qianzao 1	B
37		岔3 Cha 3	C	112	遵化Zunhua	短刺大青Duanci Daqing	B
38		浡1 Bo 1	B	113		遵玉Zunyu	B
39		榆树沟2 Yushugou 2	C	114		西沟1 Xigou 1	B
40		燕宽Yankuan	B	115		遵化短刺Zunhua Duanci	B
41		下六Xialiu	C	116		小官10 Xiaoguan 10	B
42		毛栗Maoli	B	117		紫珀Zipo	B
43		大板红Dabanhong	B	118		遵古12 Zungu 12	B
44		燕金Yanjin	B	119		达1-3 Da 1-3	B
45	兴隆Xinglong	东优1号Dongyou 1	C	120		关堂64 Guantang 64	C
46		东优2号Dongyou 2	C	121		东陵明珠Dongling Mingzhu	B
47		桥7 Qiao 7	C	122		塔54 Ta 54	A
48		兴隆短刺Xinglong Duanci	B	123		东沟峪39 Donggouyu 39	C
49		晚早5 Wanzao 5	B	124		塔14 Ta 14	C
50		大31 Da 31	B	125		燕晶Yanjing	B
51		陈中熟Chenzhongshu	C	126	抚宁Funing	抚古6 Fugu 6	C
52		XL-001	C	127		抚古3 Fugu 3	C
53		XL-002	C	128		抚宁薄皮Funing Baopi	B
54		沙坡峪3号Shapoyu 3	C	129		燕明 Yanming	B
55		龙湾1号Longwan 1	A	130	密云Miyun	密古3 Migu 3	C
56		龙湾5号Longwan 5	A	131		密古1 Migu 1	C
57		大录洞Daludong	C	132		密W1 MiW 1	C
58		赵杖子11 Zhaozhangzi 11	C	133		密丰1 Mifeng 1	C
59		沙坡峪1号Shapoyu 1	C	134		密古5 Migu 5	C
60		南天门乡Nantian Menxiang	C	135		密丰2 Mifeng 2	C
61		大兰口Dalankou	C	136		密张1 Mizhang 1	C
62		徐玉明1 Xuyuming 1	C	137		密大粒1 Midali 1	C
63		左贵生Zuoguisheng	C	138		密Z-2 MiZ-2	C
64		陆南优1 Lunanyou 1	C	139	怀柔Huairou	怀丰Huaifeng	B
65		牛4 Niu 4	C	140		黑8 Hei 8	B
66		燕兴Yanxing	B	141		短花Duanhua	B
67	青龙Qinglong	燕宝 Yanbao	B	142		怀黄Huaihuang	B
68		YZ-1	B	143		京暑红Jingshuhong	B
69		燕丽Yanli	B	144		怀九Huaijiu	B
70		白露母Bailumu	B	145		北京8号Beijing 8	B
71		大青裂Daqinglie	B	146		燕丰Yanfeng	B
72		去暑红Qushuhong	B	147	昌平Changpin	燕平Yanping	B
73		白底Baidi	B	148		燕昌Yanchang	B
74		青实Qingshi	B	149		燕红Yanhong	B
75		上52 Shang 52	C

质量性状 Quality trait	赋值及性状特征描述Description and assignment of traits
质量性状 Quality trait	1	2	3	4	5	7
叶片形状 Leaf shape（LS）	椭圆形 Oval	长椭圆形 Long oval	披针形 Lanceolate	卵形 Egg shape	倒卵形 Obovate
先端形状 Shape of leaf apex（LAS）	急尖 Acute	渐尖 Taper
叶基形状 Shape of leaf base（LBS）	楔形 Cuneiform	钝形 Obtuse	心形 Heart-shaped
叶缘特征 Leaf margin character（LMC）	具短尖 Leaf margin with short apex	具锯齿 Leaf margin with sawtooth
叶缘锯齿方向 Leaf margin sawtooth direction （LM）			外向 Outward		直向 Vertical	内向 Inward

质量性状 Quality trait	赋值及性状特征描述Description and assignment of traits
质量性状 Quality trait	1	2	3	4	5	7
叶片形状 Leaf shape（LS）	椭圆形 Oval	长椭圆形 Long oval	披针形 Lanceolate	卵形 Egg shape	倒卵形 Obovate
先端形状 Shape of leaf apex（LAS）	急尖 Acute	渐尖 Taper
叶基形状 Shape of leaf base（LBS）	楔形 Cuneiform	钝形 Obtuse	心形 Heart-shaped
叶缘特征 Leaf margin character（LMC）	具短尖 Leaf margin with short apex	具锯齿 Leaf margin with sawtooth
叶缘锯齿方向 Leaf margin sawtooth direction （LM）			外向 Outward		直向 Vertical	内向 Inward

质量性状 Quality trait	赋值频率/% Frequency of assignment							变异系数/% CV	多样性指数 H’	群体间F F among population
质量性状 Quality trait	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	变异系数/% CV	多样性指数 H’	群体间F F among population
叶片形状LS	34.90	61.07	2.68	1.34	0			34.44	0.82	1.21
先端形状LAS	4.70	95.30						10.87	0.19	1.31
叶基形状LBS	26.17	70.47	3.36					27.93	0.71	1.46
叶缘特征LMC	0	100.00						0	0	/
叶缘锯齿方向LM			88.59		6.71		4.70	28.91	0.43	1.25
平均Mean								20.43	0.43	/