中国野生葡萄果皮解剖结构与白粉病抗性的相关性研究

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0367

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以中国野生葡萄刺葡萄、毛葡萄、华东葡萄和欧洲葡萄的10个株系和品种果实为试材,在田间抗病性鉴定基础上,通过解剖观察不同葡萄果实表皮组织结构特点和差异,探究葡萄果实表皮组织结构与抗白粉病的关系。结果表明,刺葡萄‘塘尾’‘福建-4’,毛葡萄‘丹凤-2’‘泰山-12’‘商-24’为抗病种质,华东葡萄‘白河35-1’‘湖南-1’;欧洲葡萄‘无核白’‘红地球’‘佳丽酿’为敏感品种。刺葡萄、毛葡萄、华东葡萄的表皮角质层比欧洲葡萄‘无核白’厚,刺葡萄和毛葡萄表皮层细胞排列规则且紧密,而欧洲葡萄‘无核白’表皮角质层最薄,表皮层细胞排列不规则且松散。刺葡萄‘塘尾’表皮层和亚表皮层细胞最厚,毛葡萄‘丹凤-2’和华东葡萄‘白河35-1’次之,欧洲葡萄品种‘无核白’的表皮层和亚表皮层最薄。相关性分析表明,葡萄果皮角质层厚度、表皮层厚度与对白粉病的抗性显著正相关,抗病种质的果皮角质层与表皮层厚度普遍厚于感病种质。

关键词: 中国野生葡萄, 果实, 组织解剖, 角质层, 表皮层, 白粉病, 抗病性

Abstract:

Ten different of grape berries（including Vitis davidii Foëx,V. quinquangularis,V. pseudoreticulata and V. vinifera‘Thompson Seedless’）were used as materials to explore the relationship between grape fruit epidermis tissue structure and powdery mildew resistance. The results showed that the following grapes showed disease resistance：V. davidii‘Tangwei’,‘Fujian-4’;V. quinquangularis ‘Danfeng-2’,‘Taishan-12’,‘Shang-24’,V. vinifera‘Thompson Seedless’,‘Red Globe’and‘Carinena’are susceptible varieties. The cuticle of the epidermis of Chinese wild V. davidii,V. quinquangularis and V. pseudoreticulata were thicker than that of European grape. The cuticle of the epidermis of V. davidii and V. quinquangularis were regularly arrangedand tight,and the epidermis of V. vinifera‘Thompson Seedless’was thinnest,the epidermal cuticle was the thinnest and the cells of the epidermal layer of the fruit skin were irregularly shaped and loosely arranged. The epidermis and subepidermis of V. davidii‘Tangwei’were the thickest,followed by V. quinquangularis‘Danfeng-2’and V. pseudoreticulata‘Baihe 35-1’,and the epidermis and subepidermis of V. vinifera‘Thompson Seedless’were the thinnest. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the thickness of cuticle and epidermal layer of fruit skin and resistance to powdery mildew in grapes,and the cuticle and epidermal layer thicknesses of fruit skin of disease-resistant plants were generally thicker than those of disease-susceptible plants.

Key words: Chinese wild Vitis grapevine, fruit, anatomical structure, cuticles, epidermis, powdery mildew, disease-resistance

中图分类号:

S663.1

魏晓羽, 王跃进. 中国野生葡萄果皮解剖结构与白粉病抗性的相关性研究[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(6): 1200-1212.

WEI Xiaoyu, WANG Yuejin. Correlation Between Anatomical Structure and Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Chinese Wild Vitis Species[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(6): 1200-1212.

图/表 9

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种 Species	品种或株系 Cultivaror Clone	田间自然发病		人工接种		综合抗性反应 Resistance response
		Under natural in the field		Artificial inoculation
		病情指数 Susceptibility index	表现型 Phenotype	病情指数 Susceptibility index	表现型 Phenotype
欧洲葡萄 Vitis vinifera	无核白 Thompson Seedless	56.09	高感 High susceptible	66.03	高感High susceptible	5
	红地球 Red Globe	27.24	感病 Susceptible	45.24	感病 Susceptible	4
	佳丽酿 Carinena	17.60	抗病 Resistance	43.80	感病 Susceptible	4
华东葡萄	湖南-1 Hunan-1	54.91	高感 High susceptible	74.91	高感 High susceptible	5
V. pseudoreticulata	白河35-1 Baihe 35-1	19.65	抗病 Resistance	29.65	感病 Susceptible	4
毛葡萄	丹凤-2 Danfeng-2	2.30	高抗 High resistance	5.30	抗病 Resistance	3
V. quinquangularis	商-24 Shang-24	4.12	高抗 High resistance	6.12	抗病 Resistance	3
	泰山-12 Taishan-12	5.35	抗病 Resistance	6.35	抗病 Resistance	3
刺葡萄 V. davidii	福建-4 Fujian-4	0	不感病Not susceptible	1.80	高抗 High resistance	1 ~ 2
	塘尾 Tangwei	0	不感病 Not susceptible	2.30	高抗 High resistance	1 ~ 2

种 Species	品种或株系 Cultivaror Clone	田间自然发病		人工接种		综合抗性反应 Resistance response
		Under natural in the field		Artificial inoculation
		病情指数 Susceptibility index	表现型 Phenotype	病情指数 Susceptibility index	表现型 Phenotype
欧洲葡萄 Vitis vinifera	无核白 Thompson Seedless	56.09	高感 High susceptible	66.03	高感High susceptible	5
	红地球 Red Globe	27.24	感病 Susceptible	45.24	感病 Susceptible	4
	佳丽酿 Carinena	17.60	抗病 Resistance	43.80	感病 Susceptible	4
华东葡萄	湖南-1 Hunan-1	54.91	高感 High susceptible	74.91	高感 High susceptible	5
V. pseudoreticulata	白河35-1 Baihe 35-1	19.65	抗病 Resistance	29.65	感病 Susceptible	4
毛葡萄	丹凤-2 Danfeng-2	2.30	高抗 High resistance	5.30	抗病 Resistance	3
V. quinquangularis	商-24 Shang-24	4.12	高抗 High resistance	6.12	抗病 Resistance	3
	泰山-12 Taishan-12	5.35	抗病 Resistance	6.35	抗病 Resistance	3
刺葡萄 V. davidii	福建-4 Fujian-4	0	不感病Not susceptible	1.80	高抗 High resistance	1 ~ 2
	塘尾 Tangwei	0	不感病 Not susceptible	2.30	高抗 High resistance	1 ~ 2

种 Species	品种或株系 Cultivar or clone	角质层厚度/μm Thickness of cuticle			细胞排列 Cellular state
种 Species	品种或株系 Cultivar or clone	绿果期 Green hard	转色期 Berry veraison	成熟期 Berry ripening	细胞排列 Cellular state
欧洲葡萄 Vitis vinifera	无核白 Thompson Seedless	5.61 ± 0.33 c	9.31 ± 0.49 e	7.69 ± 0.19 g	平整 Flat
	红地球 Red Globe	5.56 ± 0.29 c	8.83 ± 0.25 e	9.17 ± 0.30 f	较为平整 Relatively flat
	佳丽酿 Carinena	8.79 ± 0.44 b	12.73 ± 0.16 d	14.53 ± 0.39 de	平整光滑 Flat and smooth
华东葡萄	白河35-1 Baihe 35-1	8.55 ± 0.28 b	12.48 ± 0.33 d	15.37 ± 0.28 d	较光滑 Relatively smooth
V. pseudoreticulata	湖南-1 Hunan-1	9.41 ± 0.31 b	13.86 ± 18.27 cd	13.81 ± 0.37 e	较平整 Relatively flat
毛葡萄	丹凤-2 Danfeng-2	10.47 ± 0.73 a	13.21 ± 0.36 d	19.05 ± 0.26 ab	较为平整 Relatively flat
V. quinquangularis	商-24 Shang-24	10.04 ± 0.22 ab	15.73 ± 0.43 b	18.23 ± 0.25 b	光滑较规则 Smooth,relatively regular
	泰山-12 Taishan-12	10.08 ± 0.26 ab	14.47 ± 0.56 c	17.26 ± 0.35 c	光滑规则 Smooth and regular
刺葡萄	福建-4 Fujian-4	9.51 ± 0.27 ab	18.64 ± 0.59 a	18.61 ± 0.42 ab	规则较光滑 Regular,relatively smooth
V. davidii	塘尾 Tangwei	9.86 ± 0.22 ab	19.34 ± 0.55 a	19.41 ± 0.39 a	规则光滑 Regular and smooth

种 Species	品种或株系 Cultivar or clone	角质层厚度/μm Thickness of cuticle			细胞排列 Cellular state
种 Species	品种或株系 Cultivar or clone	绿果期 Green hard	转色期 Berry veraison	成熟期 Berry ripening	细胞排列 Cellular state
欧洲葡萄 Vitis vinifera	无核白 Thompson Seedless	5.61 ± 0.33 c	9.31 ± 0.49 e	7.69 ± 0.19 g	平整 Flat
	红地球 Red Globe	5.56 ± 0.29 c	8.83 ± 0.25 e	9.17 ± 0.30 f	较为平整 Relatively flat
	佳丽酿 Carinena	8.79 ± 0.44 b	12.73 ± 0.16 d	14.53 ± 0.39 de	平整光滑 Flat and smooth
华东葡萄	白河35-1 Baihe 35-1	8.55 ± 0.28 b	12.48 ± 0.33 d	15.37 ± 0.28 d	较光滑 Relatively smooth
V. pseudoreticulata	湖南-1 Hunan-1	9.41 ± 0.31 b	13.86 ± 18.27 cd	13.81 ± 0.37 e	较平整 Relatively flat
毛葡萄	丹凤-2 Danfeng-2	10.47 ± 0.73 a	13.21 ± 0.36 d	19.05 ± 0.26 ab	较为平整 Relatively flat
V. quinquangularis	商-24 Shang-24	10.04 ± 0.22 ab	15.73 ± 0.43 b	18.23 ± 0.25 b	光滑较规则 Smooth,relatively regular
	泰山-12 Taishan-12	10.08 ± 0.26 ab	14.47 ± 0.56 c	17.26 ± 0.35 c	光滑规则 Smooth and regular
刺葡萄	福建-4 Fujian-4	9.51 ± 0.27 ab	18.64 ± 0.59 a	18.61 ± 0.42 ab	规则较光滑 Regular,relatively smooth
V. davidii	塘尾 Tangwei	9.86 ± 0.22 ab	19.34 ± 0.55 a	19.41 ± 0.39 a	规则光滑 Regular and smooth

种 Species	品种或株系 Cultivar or clone	表皮细胞厚度/μm Epidermal cell thickness			表皮细胞 Epidermal cell
种 Species	品种或株系 Cultivar or clone	绿果期 Green hard	转色期 Berry veraison	成熟期 Berry ripening	层数 Layers	细胞排列 Cellular state
欧洲葡萄 Vitis vinifera	无核白 Thompson Seedless	11.56 ± 0.38 g	15.89 ± 1.34 d	19.47 ± 1.31 a	2	较松散 Relatively loose
	红地球 Red Globe	12.37 ± 0.41 g	14.61 ± 0.78 d	48.97 ± 0.58 a	2	松散 Loose
	佳丽酿 Carinena	19.22 ± 0.46 cd	17.89 ± 0.81 cd	29.68 ± 1.26 b	2 ~ 3	紧密 Tightly
华东葡萄	白河35-1 Baihe-35-1	19.09 ± 0.39 d	19.61 ± 0.34 c	28.54 ± 0.66 b	2	较紧密 Relatively tight
V. pseudoreticulata	湖南-1 Hunan-1	16.26 ± 0.38 f	17.41 ± 0.29 cd	27.94 ± 0.75 b	2	较紧密 Relatively tight
毛葡萄	丹凤-2 Danfeng-2	25.15 ± 0.36 ab	24.59 ± 1.52 b	22.09 ± 1.11 c	2	非常紧密 Very tightly
V. quinquangularis	商-24 Shang-24	20.49 ± 0.44 c	25.08 ± 0.84 b	20.62 ± 0.61 c	2	非常紧密 Very tightly
	泰山-12 Taishan-12	17.74 ± 0.83 e	19.06 ± 0.75 c	17.90 ± 0.34 d	2	非常紧密 Very tightly
刺葡萄	福建-4 Fujian-4	24.28 ± 0.56 b	30.26 ± 0.82 a	15.58 ± 0.47 d	2 ~ 3	非常紧密 Very tightly
V. davidii	塘尾 Tangwei	26.49 ± 0.31 a	30.80 ± 1.10 a	12.09 ± 0.42 e	2 ~ 3	非常紧密 Very tightly