蝴蝶兰多倍体育种研究进展与展望

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0916

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对蝴蝶兰离体加倍诱导、2n配子诱导、有性杂交和分离内多倍体等诱导途径,以及形态学、细胞学和染色体计数等多倍体鉴定方法的研究进展进行综述,总结了近年来蝴蝶兰多倍体育种的成果。从筛选不同化学试剂和植物材料,加强对2n配子的研究和利用,加强有性杂交、细胞融合与多倍体诱导技术相结合,加强诱导后植株的研究和应用等方面对蝴蝶兰多倍体育种进行展望。

关键词: 蝴蝶兰, 多倍体, 育种, 研究进展, 展望

Abstract:

This paper reviews the polyploid induction pathways such as in vitro doubling induction,2n-gametes induction,sexual hybridization,and separation of endopolyploidy,as well as polyploid identification methods including morphology,cytology,and chromosome counting in Phalaenopsis polyploid breeding,and the recent achievements in Phalaenopsis polyploid breeding were summarized. Furthermore,the perspectives were proposed as follows: testing different chemical reagents and plant materials,strengthening the research and utilization of 2n gametes,strengthening the combination of sexual hybridization,cell fusion,and polyploid induction techniques,and enhancing the research and application of induced plants.

Key words: Phalaenopsis, polyploid, breeding, research progress, prospect

中图分类号:

S682.31

吴婷, 贾瑞冬, 杨树华, 赵鑫, 于晓南, 国圆, 葛红. 蝴蝶兰多倍体育种研究进展与展望[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(2): 448-462.

WU Ting, JIA Ruidong, YANG Shuhua, ZHAO Xin, YU Xiaonan, GUO Yuan, GE Hong. Research Advances and Prospects on Phalaenopsis Polyploid Breeding[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(2): 448-462.

图/表 1

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诱导方式 Induction method	蝴蝶兰 Species	材料 Explant	处理方法 Method	浓度,时间 Concentration, duration	结果 Result	参考文献 Reference
秋水仙素 Colchicine	AF.amabilis	原球茎 Protocorm	培养基,浸泡法 Culture medium,immersion	50 mg · L^-1,10 d	5% CW + 0.50 mg · L^-1,TDZ培养基多倍体率3%。 5% CW + 0.50 mg · L^-1,the polyploidy rate of TDZ medium is 3%.	Putri et al.,2019
	P.amabilis	丛生芽 Cluster bud	浸泡法 Immersion	0.01% ~ 0.25%, 24 ~ 48 h	0.15%和0.2%最佳。 0.15% and 0.2% are the best treatment conditions.	Zaker & Kolahi,2017
	Dendrobium phalaenopsis	原球茎 Protocorm	共培法 Co-culture	0.05%,9 d	四倍体诱导率50%。 The tetraploid induction rate was 50%.	Nakasone,1960
	P. equestris, P. fasciata, P. Betty Hausermann	原球茎 Protocorm	高温、过滤灭菌,浸泡法 High temperature and filtration sterilization,Immersion	50 mg · L^-1,10 d	秋水仙素过滤灭菌诱导率50%,约95%是四倍体,其余为八倍体。The induction rate of colchicine filtration sterilization was 50%,about 95% were tetraploid,and the rest were octaploid.	Griesbach,1981
	P. Golden Sands ‘Canary’	原球茎 Protocorm	共培法 Co-culture	0.5 mg · L^-1,10 d	使用自然产生的未减数配子。Use natural unreduced gametes.	Griesbach,1985
	‘霍娅淑女’ P.‘Tsuei Foa Lady’	叶切片胚状体 Leaf slice embryoid	浸泡法 Immersion	0.05% ~ 0.2%,1 ~ 7 d	诱变率可达30.0%。 The mutagenesis rate can reach 30.0%.	崔广荣等,2010
	‘霍娅淑女’ P.‘Tsuei Foa Lady’	叶切片胚状体 Leaf slice embryoid	浸润 Soak	0.1% ~ 0.4%,5 ~ 20 d	0.2%,20 d诱导率23.3%。The concentration was 0.2%,and the induction rate was 23.3% at 20 d.	崔广荣等,2009
	‘红天使’ P. Tailin‘Red Angle’	含不定芽叶片,嫩叶 Including adventitious bud leaves and tender leaves	浸泡法 Immersion 共培法 Co-culture	0.1% ~ 0.4%,5 ~ 10 d 0.01% ~ 0.1%, 10 ~ 30 d	0.1%,5 d诱变率6.32%。0.1%,the 5-day mutagenesis rate was 6.32%. 0.01%,30 d获八倍体苗的比率33.3%。 0.01%,and the rate of octoploid seedlings obtained at 30 days was 33.3%.	程强强等,2011
	‘红花火焰兰’×‘E35’	丛生芽 Cluster bud	浸泡法 Immersion	0.05% 7 d,0.1% 7 d,0.05% 14 d	0.1%、7 d诱导出2%的四倍体。0.1%,7 d treatment induced 2% tetraploid.	刘译阳,2012
安磺灵 Oryzalin	Dendrobium, Epidendrum, Odontioda, P. bellina	原球茎,类原球茎 Protocorm,Protocorm like	共培法 Co-culture	14.4、28.9、57.7 μmol · L^-1,3 ~ 6 d	Dendrobium和Odontioda最佳处理为14.4 μmol · L^-1、6 d;Epidendrum最佳处理为57.7 μmol · L^-1、6 d;Phalaenopsis最佳处理为14.4 μmol · L^-1、3 d。 The optimal treatment for Dendrobium and Odontioda was 14.4 μmol · L^-1,6 d;The optimal treatment for Epidendrum was 57.7 μmol · L^-1,6 d;The optimal treatment for Phalaenopsis was 14.4 μmol · L^-1,3 d.	Miguel & Leonhardt,2011
2n配子 2n gametes	P. amabili	花粉 Pollen	N₂O	0、24、48 h	24 h,三倍体占35.6%,四倍体占6.7%;48 h,仅获5%的四倍体。At 24 h,triploids accounted for 35.6% and tetraploids accounted for 6.7%;at 48 h,only 5% of tetraploids were obtained.	Wongprichachan et al.,2013
	P. Sogo Yukidian ‘V3’,P. Tai Lin Redangel ‘V31’	减数分裂前花蕾 Pre meiotic bud	羊毛脂膏溶解 Lanolin cream dissolution	0.05%、0.1%	成功诱导出2n配子。 2n gametes were successfully induced.	Hsu et al.,2010
	P. amabilis	授粉3 d后花朵 Pollinated flowers after 3 days	脱脂棉包裹法 Absorbent cotton wrapping	50 ~ 2 000 mg · L^-1, 3 ~ 5 d	50和500 mg · L^-1（5 d）分别产生60%和100%四倍体。 50 and 500 mg · L^-1 （5 d）produced 60% and 100% tetraploids,respectively.	Azmi et al.,2016b
	P. amabilis	花蕾 Bud	脱脂棉包裹 Absorbent cotton wrapping	50 ~ 2 000 mg · L^-1, 3 d	50、500、1 000 mg · L^-1多倍体植株分别为71.2%、86.4%、100.0%。 50,500 and 1 000 mg · L^-1polyploid plants were 71.2%,86.4% and 100.0%,respectively.	Azmi et al.,2016a
内多倍体 Endopolyploid	P. aphrodite	原球茎 Protocorm	水平切割 Horizontal cutting	_	可在蝴蝶兰中大量产生多倍体植株。Polyploid plants can be produced in large numbers in Phalaenopsis.	Chen & Tang,2018
内多倍体 Endopolyploid	P. amabilis, P. aphrodite（二、三、四倍体）	原球茎 Protocorm	离体再生 In vitro regeneration	_	短时间获得大量稳定的多倍体植株。 A large number of stable polyploid plants were obtained in a short time.	Chen et al.,2009

诱导方式 Induction method	蝴蝶兰 Species	材料 Explant	处理方法 Method	浓度,时间 Concentration, duration	结果 Result	参考文献 Reference
秋水仙素 Colchicine	AF.amabilis	原球茎 Protocorm	培养基,浸泡法 Culture medium,immersion	50 mg · L^-1,10 d	5% CW + 0.50 mg · L^-1,TDZ培养基多倍体率3%。 5% CW + 0.50 mg · L^-1,the polyploidy rate of TDZ medium is 3%.	Putri et al.,2019
	P.amabilis	丛生芽 Cluster bud	浸泡法 Immersion	0.01% ~ 0.25%, 24 ~ 48 h	0.15%和0.2%最佳。 0.15% and 0.2% are the best treatment conditions.	Zaker & Kolahi,2017
	Dendrobium phalaenopsis	原球茎 Protocorm	共培法 Co-culture	0.05%,9 d	四倍体诱导率50%。 The tetraploid induction rate was 50%.	Nakasone,1960
	P. equestris, P. fasciata, P. Betty Hausermann	原球茎 Protocorm	高温、过滤灭菌,浸泡法 High temperature and filtration sterilization,Immersion	50 mg · L^-1,10 d	秋水仙素过滤灭菌诱导率50%,约95%是四倍体,其余为八倍体。The induction rate of colchicine filtration sterilization was 50%,about 95% were tetraploid,and the rest were octaploid.	Griesbach,1981
	P. Golden Sands ‘Canary’	原球茎 Protocorm	共培法 Co-culture	0.5 mg · L^-1,10 d	使用自然产生的未减数配子。Use natural unreduced gametes.	Griesbach,1985
	‘霍娅淑女’ P.‘Tsuei Foa Lady’	叶切片胚状体 Leaf slice embryoid	浸泡法 Immersion	0.05% ~ 0.2%,1 ~ 7 d	诱变率可达30.0%。 The mutagenesis rate can reach 30.0%.	崔广荣等,2010
	‘霍娅淑女’ P.‘Tsuei Foa Lady’	叶切片胚状体 Leaf slice embryoid	浸润 Soak	0.1% ~ 0.4%,5 ~ 20 d	0.2%,20 d诱导率23.3%。The concentration was 0.2%,and the induction rate was 23.3% at 20 d.	崔广荣等,2009
	‘红天使’ P. Tailin‘Red Angle’	含不定芽叶片,嫩叶 Including adventitious bud leaves and tender leaves	浸泡法 Immersion 共培法 Co-culture	0.1% ~ 0.4%,5 ~ 10 d 0.01% ~ 0.1%, 10 ~ 30 d	0.1%,5 d诱变率6.32%。0.1%,the 5-day mutagenesis rate was 6.32%. 0.01%,30 d获八倍体苗的比率33.3%。 0.01%,and the rate of octoploid seedlings obtained at 30 days was 33.3%.	程强强等,2011
	‘红花火焰兰’×‘E35’	丛生芽 Cluster bud	浸泡法 Immersion	0.05% 7 d,0.1% 7 d,0.05% 14 d	0.1%、7 d诱导出2%的四倍体。0.1%,7 d treatment induced 2% tetraploid.	刘译阳,2012
安磺灵 Oryzalin	Dendrobium, Epidendrum, Odontioda, P. bellina	原球茎,类原球茎 Protocorm,Protocorm like	共培法 Co-culture	14.4、28.9、57.7 μmol · L^-1,3 ~ 6 d	Dendrobium和Odontioda最佳处理为14.4 μmol · L^-1、6 d;Epidendrum最佳处理为57.7 μmol · L^-1、6 d;Phalaenopsis最佳处理为14.4 μmol · L^-1、3 d。 The optimal treatment for Dendrobium and Odontioda was 14.4 μmol · L^-1,6 d;The optimal treatment for Epidendrum was 57.7 μmol · L^-1,6 d;The optimal treatment for Phalaenopsis was 14.4 μmol · L^-1,3 d.	Miguel & Leonhardt,2011
2n配子 2n gametes	P. amabili	花粉 Pollen	N₂O	0、24、48 h	24 h,三倍体占35.6%,四倍体占6.7%;48 h,仅获5%的四倍体。At 24 h,triploids accounted for 35.6% and tetraploids accounted for 6.7%;at 48 h,only 5% of tetraploids were obtained.	Wongprichachan et al.,2013
	P. Sogo Yukidian ‘V3’,P. Tai Lin Redangel ‘V31’	减数分裂前花蕾 Pre meiotic bud	羊毛脂膏溶解 Lanolin cream dissolution	0.05%、0.1%	成功诱导出2n配子。 2n gametes were successfully induced.	Hsu et al.,2010
	P. amabilis	授粉3 d后花朵 Pollinated flowers after 3 days	脱脂棉包裹法 Absorbent cotton wrapping	50 ~ 2 000 mg · L^-1, 3 ~ 5 d	50和500 mg · L^-1（5 d）分别产生60%和100%四倍体。 50 and 500 mg · L^-1 （5 d）produced 60% and 100% tetraploids,respectively.	Azmi et al.,2016b
	P. amabilis	花蕾 Bud	脱脂棉包裹 Absorbent cotton wrapping	50 ~ 2 000 mg · L^-1, 3 d	50、500、1 000 mg · L^-1多倍体植株分别为71.2%、86.4%、100.0%。 50,500 and 1 000 mg · L^-1polyploid plants were 71.2%,86.4% and 100.0%,respectively.	Azmi et al.,2016a
内多倍体 Endopolyploid	P. aphrodite	原球茎 Protocorm	水平切割 Horizontal cutting	_	可在蝴蝶兰中大量产生多倍体植株。Polyploid plants can be produced in large numbers in Phalaenopsis.	Chen & Tang,2018
内多倍体 Endopolyploid	P. amabilis, P. aphrodite（二、三、四倍体）	原球茎 Protocorm	离体再生 In vitro regeneration	_	短时间获得大量稳定的多倍体植株。 A large number of stable polyploid plants were obtained in a short time.	Chen et al.,2009