彩叶杨‘全红’和‘炫红’光合生理特性的比较分析

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0759

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以绿叶杨‘中林2025’（Populus deltoides‘Zhonglin 2025’）及其彩叶芽变新品种‘全红’和‘炫红’的1年生苗为试验材料,对其表型性状、光合作用参数及叶绿素荧光参数等生理指标进行了测定,结果显示‘全红’和‘炫红’的株高、地径、叶面积以及叶片数显著小于‘中林2025’,说明‘全红’和‘炫红’的生长发育受到了显著抑制。‘全红’和‘炫红’叶片中花青素的含量相对于‘中林2025’高,花青素与叶绿素含量的比值显著增加。在不同月份,‘中林2025’的净光合速率（P_n）、气孔导度（G_s）和蒸腾速率（T_r）均较高,3个品种胞间CO₂浓度（C_i）相近。‘全红’的非光化学猝灭系数（NPQ）较高、PSⅡ实际光合效率[Y(Ⅱ)]低,导致‘全红’的光合系统PSⅡ的热耗散的能量多,实际光能转换效率低,光合能力低下;‘炫红’的F₀、F_m和NPQ值在3个品种中都是最低的,而光系统Ⅱ的实际光合效率[Y(Ⅱ)]较高。

关键词: 杨树, 彩叶, 色素, 光合作用, 生理特性

Abstract:

One-year-old seedlings of green-leafed Populus deltoides‘Zhonglin 2025’and its red leaf of bud mutation variety‘Quanhong’and‘Xuanhong’were used as experimental materials to determine their phenotypic characters,photosynthesis parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The results showed that the plant height,ground diameter,leaf area and leaf number of‘Quanhong’and ‘Xuanhong’were significantly lower than those of‘Zhonglin 2025’,indicating that the growth and development of‘Quanhong’and‘Xuanhong’were significantly inhibited. The anthocyanin content in the leaves of‘Quanhong’and‘Xuanhong’was higher than that of‘Zhonglin 2025’,and the ratio of anthocyanin to chlorophyll content increased significantly. In different months,the net photosynthetic（P_n）,stomatal conductance（G_s）and transpiration rate（T_r）of‘Zhonglin 2025’were higher,and the intercellular CO₂ concentration（C_i）of the three poplar varieties were similar. The non-photochemical quenching coefficient（NPQ）of‘Quanhong’was higher and the actual photosynthetic efficiency of PSⅡ[Y(Ⅱ)]was lower,leading to more energy dissipation,lower actual light energy conversion efficiency and lower photosynthetic capacity of PSⅡ in the photosynthetic system of‘Quanhong’. The values of F_o,F_m and NPQ of‘Quanhong’were the lowest among the three poplar cultivars,while the actual photosynthetic efficiency of PSⅡ[Y(Ⅱ)]was the higher.

Key words: poplar, color-leafed cultivar, pigment, photosynthesis, physiological characteristics

中图分类号:

陈兴浩, 刘晗琪, 张新建, 程相军, 杨敏生, 张军. 彩叶杨‘全红’和‘炫红’光合生理特性的比较分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(2): 437-447.

CHEN Xinghao, LIU Hanqi, ZHANG Xinjian, CHENG Xiangjun, YANG Minsheng, ZHANG Jun. Comparative Analysis of Photosynthetic and Physiological Characteristics of Red-leafed‘Quanhong’and‘Xuanhong’Poplar Cultivars[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(2): 437-447.

图/表 10

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月份	品种	L^*	a^*	b^*	C^*	色光值
Month	Cultivar	L^*	a^*	b^*	C^*	Chromatic light value
5	中林2025 Zhonglin 2025	51.17 ± 0.77 a	-4.15 ± 0.34 c	16.31 ± 0.91 a	16.84 ± 0.86 a	-2 731.51 ± 266.51 b
	全红 Quanhong	41.56 ± 0.02 c	2.76 ± 0.21 b	1.73 ± 0.08 c	3.26 ± 0.22 b	438.50 ± 63.25 b
	炫红 Xuanhong	46.67 ± 0.50 b	12.69 ± 1.69 a	9.59 ± 0.92 b	14.74 ± 1.90 a	8 713.69 ± 2 305.47 a
7	中林2025 Zhonglin 2025	50.16 ± 1.09 a	-3.26 ± 0.72 c	12.42 ± 1.74 a	12.87 ± 1.80 a	-1 730.42 ± 578.51 b
	全红 Quanhong	42.88 ± 0.38 c	2.13 ± 0.11 b	2.54 ± 0.29 c	3.32 ± 0.27 b	332.22 ± 39.17 b
	炫红 Xuanhong	46.35 ± 0.60 b	14.94 ± 0.79 a	7.49 ± 0.71 b	16.71 ± 1.04 a	10 989.44 ± 949.88 a
9	中林2025 Zhonglin 2025	49.14 ± 0.45 a	-2.83 ± 0.70 c	8.99 ± 0.57 a	9.45 ± 0.75 b	-1 131.95 ± 366.38 c
	全红 Quanhong	28.26 ± 0.43 c	2.10 ± 0.63 b	2.35 ± 0.08 c	3.12 ± 0.34 c	302.98 ± 176.98 b
	炫红 Xuanhong	46.72 ± 0.67 b	10.87 ± 0.07 a	6.93 ± 0.38 b	12.90 ± 0.19 a	6 000.67 ± 49.86 a

月份	品种	L^*	a^*	b^*	C^*	色光值
Month	Cultivar	L^*	a^*	b^*	C^*	Chromatic light value
5	中林2025 Zhonglin 2025	51.17 ± 0.77 a	-4.15 ± 0.34 c	16.31 ± 0.91 a	16.84 ± 0.86 a	-2 731.51 ± 266.51 b
	全红 Quanhong	41.56 ± 0.02 c	2.76 ± 0.21 b	1.73 ± 0.08 c	3.26 ± 0.22 b	438.50 ± 63.25 b
	炫红 Xuanhong	46.67 ± 0.50 b	12.69 ± 1.69 a	9.59 ± 0.92 b	14.74 ± 1.90 a	8 713.69 ± 2 305.47 a
7	中林2025 Zhonglin 2025	50.16 ± 1.09 a	-3.26 ± 0.72 c	12.42 ± 1.74 a	12.87 ± 1.80 a	-1 730.42 ± 578.51 b
	全红 Quanhong	42.88 ± 0.38 c	2.13 ± 0.11 b	2.54 ± 0.29 c	3.32 ± 0.27 b	332.22 ± 39.17 b
	炫红 Xuanhong	46.35 ± 0.60 b	14.94 ± 0.79 a	7.49 ± 0.71 b	16.71 ± 1.04 a	10 989.44 ± 949.88 a
9	中林2025 Zhonglin 2025	49.14 ± 0.45 a	-2.83 ± 0.70 c	8.99 ± 0.57 a	9.45 ± 0.75 b	-1 131.95 ± 366.38 c
	全红 Quanhong	28.26 ± 0.43 c	2.10 ± 0.63 b	2.35 ± 0.08 c	3.12 ± 0.34 c	302.98 ± 176.98 b
	炫红 Xuanhong	46.72 ± 0.67 b	10.87 ± 0.07 a	6.93 ± 0.38 b	12.90 ± 0.19 a	6 000.67 ± 49.86 a

月份	品种	P_n/（μmol · m^-2· s^-1）	G_s/（mol · m^-2· s^-1）	T_r/（mmol · m^-2 · s^-1）	C_i/（μmol · mol^-1）
Month	Cultivar	P_n/（μmol · m^-2· s^-1）	G_s/（mol · m^-2· s^-1）	T_r/（mmol · m^-2 · s^-1）	C_i/（μmol · mol^-1）
5	中林2025 Zhonglin 2025	16.61 ± 2.00 a	0.27 ± 0.04 a	8.31 ± 1.28 a	257.79 ± 13.72 a
	全红 Quanhong	9.26 ± 1.59 b	0.15 ± 0.02 b	5.73 ± 0.76 ab	268.02 ± 15.90 a
	炫红 Xuanhong	6.53 ± 1.04 b	0.11 ± 0.02 b	4.44 ± 0.71 b	276.07 ± 13.37 a
7	中林2025 Zhonglin 2025	23.88 ± 3.64 a	0.61 ± 0.11 a	11.57 ± 2.70 a	297.19 ± 7.24 b
	全红 Quanhong	10.75 ± 1.53 b	0.43 ± 0.08 b	9.21 ± 2.43 a	332.46 ± 9.51 a
	炫红 Xuanhong	7.31 ± 1.120 b	0.28 ± 0.05 b	7.84 ± 2.25 a	333.97 ± 8.36 a
9	中林2025 Zhonglin 2025	15.09 ± 3.40 a	0.29 ± 0.06 a	12.54 ± 2.30 a	352.71 ± 36.56 a
	全红 Quanhong	8.65 ± 2.03 b	0.13 ± 0.02 b	10.15 ± 2.18 a	353.40 ± 34.42 a
	炫红 Xuanhong	6.90 ± 1.62 b	0.13 ± 0.02 b	9.12 ± 1.95 a	353.69 ± 37.77 a

月份	品种	P_n/（μmol · m^-2· s^-1）	G_s/（mol · m^-2· s^-1）	T_r/（mmol · m^-2 · s^-1）	C_i/（μmol · mol^-1）
Month	Cultivar	P_n/（μmol · m^-2· s^-1）	G_s/（mol · m^-2· s^-1）	T_r/（mmol · m^-2 · s^-1）	C_i/（μmol · mol^-1）
5	中林2025 Zhonglin 2025	16.61 ± 2.00 a	0.27 ± 0.04 a	8.31 ± 1.28 a	257.79 ± 13.72 a
	全红 Quanhong	9.26 ± 1.59 b	0.15 ± 0.02 b	5.73 ± 0.76 ab	268.02 ± 15.90 a
	炫红 Xuanhong	6.53 ± 1.04 b	0.11 ± 0.02 b	4.44 ± 0.71 b	276.07 ± 13.37 a
7	中林2025 Zhonglin 2025	23.88 ± 3.64 a	0.61 ± 0.11 a	11.57 ± 2.70 a	297.19 ± 7.24 b
	全红 Quanhong	10.75 ± 1.53 b	0.43 ± 0.08 b	9.21 ± 2.43 a	332.46 ± 9.51 a
	炫红 Xuanhong	7.31 ± 1.120 b	0.28 ± 0.05 b	7.84 ± 2.25 a	333.97 ± 8.36 a
9	中林2025 Zhonglin 2025	15.09 ± 3.40 a	0.29 ± 0.06 a	12.54 ± 2.30 a	352.71 ± 36.56 a
	全红 Quanhong	8.65 ± 2.03 b	0.13 ± 0.02 b	10.15 ± 2.18 a	353.40 ± 34.42 a
	炫红 Xuanhong	6.90 ± 1.62 b	0.13 ± 0.02 b	9.12 ± 1.95 a	353.69 ± 37.77 a

因子	中林2025 Zhonglin 2025			全红 Quanhong			炫红 Xuanhong
Factor	G_s	T_r	C_i	G_s	T_r	C_i	G_s	T_r	C_i
P_n	0.893^*	0.828^*	-0.513^*	0.585^*	0.571^*	-0.515^*	0.562^*	0.534^*	-0.131
G_s	1	0.811^*	-0.239	1	0.868^*	-0.057	1	0.862^*	0.211
T_r		1	-0.529^*		1	-0.358		1	-0.091
C_i			1			1			1