膨大期干旱对温州蜜柑品质形成的影响及复水后树体水分吸收转运规律

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0040

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以温州蜜柑膨大期果实为材料,设置基质相对含水量为40%、30%和20%的3个胁迫处理,研究干旱对果实品质形成特点和柠檬酸调控相关转录因子表达模式变化;利用氘水（D₂O）示踪法明确柑橘干旱复水后的水分吸收运输和分配规律。温州蜜柑果实膨大期干旱严重抑制果实外在品质的形成,干旱胁迫10 d后,果实横径、纵径、单果质量均显著下降,40 d时各处理横、纵径较对照减少18.33% ~ 23.82%,单果质量降低45.17% ~ 48.67%,各干旱处理间无显著差异。各处理干旱胁迫40 d时果实可溶性固形物显著增加47.7% ~ 59.3%,果糖升高63.25% ~ 78.77%,但蔗糖和葡萄糖增量不大,处理间糖组分差异不大。对照果实柠檬酸含量随生长发育逐渐递减,但干旱胁迫20 d后果实中柠檬酸含量显著上升,最高约为对照的2倍,苹果酸显著高于对照14.70% ~ 33.82%,干旱处理间酸组分含量差异不大。干旱胁迫下,调控柠檬酸积累的转录因子基因CitPH3（WRKY）、CitPH4（MYB）和CitAN1（bHLH）表达量显著上调。复水后,温州蜜柑根系在4 ~ 8 h迅速吸水,主茎和多年生茎内的D₂O含量在24 h达到最高,果实在24 ~ 48 h吸水量趋于稳定。本试验中,干旱持续时长对果实品质形成的影响较大,干旱程度影响较小;干旱胁迫下CitPH3、CitPH4、和CitAN1上调表达促进了柠檬酸积累,可能是导致柑橘果实酸化的重要原因;果实膨大期持续干旱后,需维持24 ~ 48 h土壤湿润水分才能较大量运达果实。

关键词: 柑橘, 果实膨大期, 干旱, 果实品质, 基因表达, 水分转运, 复水, D₂O

Abstract:

Using Satsuma mandarin fruits at enlargement stage as the material,three stress treatments with the substrate relative water content 40%,30% and 20% were set. Afterward,fruit quality changes and expression patterns of transcription factors regulating citrate accumulation were studied under drought conditions. Using deuterium water（D₂O）tracer method,the law of water transportation and distribution in citrus tree after re-watering could be cleared. Drought stress at fruit enlargement stage inhibited fruit growth and fruit size severely. After ten days drought stress,fruit transverse diameter,longitudinal diameter and single fruit weight decreased significantly. After constant drought for 40 days,fruit diameter in treatment groups decreased by 18.33% to 23.82% comparing to the control nd single fruit weight decreased by 45.17% to 48.67%. No significant difference was found in fruit size between different drought-treatment groups. After 40 days of drought stress in each treatment,fruit total solid soluble increased significantly by 47.7% to 59.3% and fructose increased drastically by 63.25% to 78.77%,but sucrose and glucose in fruit did not change. No significant difference was found in fruit sugar components between different drought-treatment groups. Citrate content in control fruits decreased gradually with fruit development,but that increased significantly after 20 days drought stress with 1 fold higher to control at the peak. Fruit malate content was higher than that in control by 14.70% to 33.82% after drought stress. No significant difference was found in fruit acid components between different drought-treatment groups. Transcription factors CitPH3（WRKY）,CitPH4（MYB）and CitAN1（bHLH）which regulate citrate accumulaiton in citrus fruit expressed with up-regulation under drought stress. After rehydration,citrus roots absorbed water quickly in four to eight hours. Deuterium water content in main stems and perennial stems reached the highest in 24 hours. The water absorption of the fruit tended to be stable during 24 to 48 hours. In this experiment,drought duration affects fruit quality significantly while drought degree does slightly. The up-regulated expression of CitPH3,CitPH4,and CitAN1 under drought stress promotes the accumulation of citric acid,which may be an important reason for the acidification of citrus fruits. Orchard soil being moist for 24 to 48 hours after continuous drought is necessary for water reaching fruit massly.

Key words: citrus, fruit enlargement stage, drought, fruit quality, gene expression, water transportation, re-watering, D₂O

中图分类号:

S666

周铁, 潘斌, 李菲菲, 马小川, 汤孟婧, 廉雪菲, 常媛媛, 陈岳文, 卢晓鹏. 膨大期干旱对温州蜜柑品质形成的影响及复水后树体水分吸收转运规律[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(1): 11-22.

ZHOU Tie, PAN Bin, LI Feifei, MA Xiaochuan, TANG Mengjing, LIAN Xuefei, CHANG Yuanyuan, CHEN Yuewen, LU Xiaopeng. Effects of Drought Stress at Enlargement Stage on Fruit Quality Formation of Satsuma Mandarin and the Law of Water Absorption and Transportation in Tree After Re-watering[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(1): 11-22.

图/表 5

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胁迫天数/d Days of drought stress	基质相对含水量/% Relative water content of substrate	横径/mm Transverse diameter	纵径/mm Longitudinal diameter	单果质量/g Fruit weight	果形指数 Shape index
0	60 ~ 80（对照Control）	48.24 ± 1.19 a	40.50 ± 0.98 a	52.24 ± 2.99 a	0.83 ± 0.02 a
	40	48.68 ± 2.29 a	40.88 ± 1.71 a	52.45 ± 5.09 a	0.84 ± 0.03 a
	30	47.81 ± 3.28 a	39.90 ± 4.46 a	50.47 ± 13.25 a	0.80 ± 0.02 a
	20	47.30 ± 3.85 a	39.99 ± 2.46 a	50.99 ± 10.79 a	0.83 ± 0.02 a
10	60 ~ 80（对照Control）	51.22 ± 2.35 a	42.98 ± 2.20 a	58.03 ± 7.97 a	0.83 ± 0.01 a
	40	44.69 ± 3.19 b	36.32 ± 3.30 b	41.85 ± 10.29 b	0.88 ± 0.04 a
	30	42.54 ± 2.99 bc	35.47 ± 1.78 b	38.18 ± 6.91 b	0.83 ± 0.08 a
	20	40.48 ± 3.47 c	35.66 ± 1.71 b	33.64 ± 6.94 b	0.87 ± 0.05 a
20	60 ~ 80（对照Control）	52.05 ± 1.29 a	42.27 ± 1.06 a	62.03 ± 5.85 a	0.79 ± 0.03 a
	40	46.44 ± 2.59 b	39.04 ± 1.98 b	45.61 ± 7.62 b	0.76 ± 0.07 a
	30	43.94 ± 2.01 c	35.64 ± 2.24 b	39.87 ± 4.75 b	0.83 ± 0.06 a
	20	43.32 ± 1.43 c	35.24 ± 2.21 b	37.65 ± 3.43 b	0.83 ± 0.04 a
30	60 ~ 80（对照Control）	53.96 ± 2.98 a	44.03 ± 1.65 a	72.06 ± 10.42 a	0.82 ± 0.02 a
	40	44.92 ± 2.05 b	37.44 ± 2.91 bc	44.14 ± 5.20 b	0.82 ± 0.06 a
	30	42.69 ± 3.14 c	35.19 ± 2.27 b	41.90 ± 5.87 b	0.79 ± 0.07 a
	20	43.14 ± 2.37 c	35.45 ± 2.16 bc	40.10 ± 8.13 b	0.84 ± 0.06 a
40	60 ~ 80（对照Control）	55.25 ± 3.41 a	44.73 ± 2.90 a	76.99 ± 13.7 a	0.79 ± 0.01 a
	40	44.17 ± 1.99 b	36.53 ± 2.52 b	42.21 ± 5.02 b	0.82 ± 0.03 a
	30	42.38 ± 3.91 b	35.77 ± 3.95 b	39.95 ± 10.09 b	0.86 ± 0.13 a
	20	42.09 ± 3.52 b	34.21 ± 4.62 b	39.52 ± 9.20 b	0.82 ± 0.13 a

胁迫天数/d Days of drought stress	基质相对含水量/% Relative water content of substrate	横径/mm Transverse diameter	纵径/mm Longitudinal diameter	单果质量/g Fruit weight	果形指数 Shape index
0	60 ~ 80（对照Control）	48.24 ± 1.19 a	40.50 ± 0.98 a	52.24 ± 2.99 a	0.83 ± 0.02 a
	40	48.68 ± 2.29 a	40.88 ± 1.71 a	52.45 ± 5.09 a	0.84 ± 0.03 a
	30	47.81 ± 3.28 a	39.90 ± 4.46 a	50.47 ± 13.25 a	0.80 ± 0.02 a
	20	47.30 ± 3.85 a	39.99 ± 2.46 a	50.99 ± 10.79 a	0.83 ± 0.02 a
10	60 ~ 80（对照Control）	51.22 ± 2.35 a	42.98 ± 2.20 a	58.03 ± 7.97 a	0.83 ± 0.01 a
	40	44.69 ± 3.19 b	36.32 ± 3.30 b	41.85 ± 10.29 b	0.88 ± 0.04 a
	30	42.54 ± 2.99 bc	35.47 ± 1.78 b	38.18 ± 6.91 b	0.83 ± 0.08 a
	20	40.48 ± 3.47 c	35.66 ± 1.71 b	33.64 ± 6.94 b	0.87 ± 0.05 a
20	60 ~ 80（对照Control）	52.05 ± 1.29 a	42.27 ± 1.06 a	62.03 ± 5.85 a	0.79 ± 0.03 a
	40	46.44 ± 2.59 b	39.04 ± 1.98 b	45.61 ± 7.62 b	0.76 ± 0.07 a
	30	43.94 ± 2.01 c	35.64 ± 2.24 b	39.87 ± 4.75 b	0.83 ± 0.06 a
	20	43.32 ± 1.43 c	35.24 ± 2.21 b	37.65 ± 3.43 b	0.83 ± 0.04 a
30	60 ~ 80（对照Control）	53.96 ± 2.98 a	44.03 ± 1.65 a	72.06 ± 10.42 a	0.82 ± 0.02 a
	40	44.92 ± 2.05 b	37.44 ± 2.91 bc	44.14 ± 5.20 b	0.82 ± 0.06 a
	30	42.69 ± 3.14 c	35.19 ± 2.27 b	41.90 ± 5.87 b	0.79 ± 0.07 a
	20	43.14 ± 2.37 c	35.45 ± 2.16 bc	40.10 ± 8.13 b	0.84 ± 0.06 a
40	60 ~ 80（对照Control）	55.25 ± 3.41 a	44.73 ± 2.90 a	76.99 ± 13.7 a	0.79 ± 0.01 a
	40	44.17 ± 1.99 b	36.53 ± 2.52 b	42.21 ± 5.02 b	0.82 ± 0.03 a
	30	42.38 ± 3.91 b	35.77 ± 3.95 b	39.95 ± 10.09 b	0.86 ± 0.13 a
	20	42.09 ± 3.52 b	34.21 ± 4.62 b	39.52 ± 9.20 b	0.82 ± 0.13 a