兰科植物花色相关基因研究进展

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0444

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对兰科植物的花色素种类、花青素苷和类胡萝卜素合成途径相关基因的研究进展进行了综述,并对今后的研究方向进行展望,以期为兰科植物花色相关分子机制的研究及花色品种培育提供参考信息。

Abstract:

Herein,the research progress of flower pigment types,anthocyanin and carotenoid biosynthesis pathways related genes in orchids were reviewed,and future research directions were prospected. We aimed to provide important references to shed light on the molecular mechanism of flower colors formation and the breeding of colorful flower varieties of orchids.

Key words: Orchidaceae, flower color, anthocyanin, carotenoid

中图分类号:

S682.31

郑清冬, 王艺, 欧悦, 柯玉洁, 姚亚合, 王梦洁, 陈嘉忆, 艾叶. 兰科植物花色相关基因研究进展[J]. 园艺学报, 2021, 48(10): 2057-2072.

ZHENG Qingdong, WANG Yi, OU Yue, KE Yujie, YAO Yahe, WANG Mengjie, CHEN Jiayi, AI Ye. Research Advances of Genes Responsible for Flower Colors in Orchidaceae[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(10): 2057-2072.

图/表 3

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类型 Type	基因名称 Gene name	来源植物 Original plant	基因功能 Gene function	参考文献 Reference
结构基因 Structural gene	CHS	铁皮石斛 Dendrobium officinale	参与类黄酮的合成 Participate in the synthesis of flavonoids	孟衡玲等,2016
	OgCHS	文心兰 Oncidium‘Honey Dollp’	瞬时表达产生花青素苷 Transient expression to produce anthocyanins	Liu et al.,2012
	PcCHS	兜兰 Paphiopedilum concolor Pfitz	对花瓣中的紫色斑点起着调控作用 It can regulate the purple spots in petals	李冬梅等,2012a
	CHS	建兰‘龙福星蝶’Cymbidium ensifolium‘Longfuxingdie’	在红色区域表达,在黄绿色区域不表达 It is expressed in red area,but not in yellow green area	李文建等,2018
	OgCHI	文心兰 Oncidium Gower Ramsey	使黄色唇瓣产生花青素苷 It makes the yellow lips produce anthocyanins	Chiou & Yeh,2008
	CHI2	杂交石斛兰 Dendrobium Sirin classic	低表达导致颜色强度很低 Low expression leads to faded color	Kriangphan et al.,2015
	Va-F3H1	万代兰 Vanda hybrid	在白色品种中表达量非常低,在淡紫色品种中表达量较高 The expression is very low in white varieties,but high in light purple varieties	Junka et al.,2011
	F3H	石斛兰 Dendrobium officinale	其表达影响二氢黄酮醇含量,进而影响花青素苷的积累 The expression affected the content of dihydroflavonol,and then affect the accumulation of anthocyanins	Zhan et al.,2020
	DmF3′5′H	念珠石斛 Dendrobium moniliforme	使白色花被片产生了紫红色斑点 The white perianth produces purplish red spots	Whang et al.,2011
	F3′5′H	蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis hybrid	转基因植株花瓣颜色由粉红色变为红紫色 The petal color of transgenic plants changed from pink to red purple	Su & Hsu,2003
	PhF3′H	蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis	在红色蝴蝶兰中的表达量远高于黄色蝴蝶兰 The expression level in red Phalaenopsis is much higher than that in yellow Phalaenopsis	杨玉霞等,2013
	PsDFR	蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis‘Everspring Fairy’	低表达导致花瓣和萼片ABP受阻,没有花色素合成 Low expression of ABP in petals and sepals resulted in inhibition of anthocyanin synthesis	Ma et al.,2009
	PeUFGT3	蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis	在红色花色形成过程中起重要作用 It plays an important role in the formation of red flower	Chen et al.,2011
	CHS,DFR, ANS	大花蕙兰 Cymbidium hybrida	粉红色品种中的表达高于黄色、绿色品种 The expression in pink was higher than that in yellow and green	Wang et al.,2014
	ANS	万代兰 Vanda hybrid	白色的形成可能与其缺失有关 The formation of white may be related to the absence of ANS	Junka et al.,2011
调控基因Regulatory gene	OgMYB1	文心兰 Oncidium Gower Ramsey	激活OgCHI和OgDFR转录诱导红色色素的形成 Activation of OgCHI and OgDFR transcription induces red pigment formation	Chiou & Yeh,2008
调控基因Regulatory gene	MYB	蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis‘Everspring Fairy’	仅在紫色区域具有高表达,在白色区域没有表达 It is highly express only in the purple region,but not in the white region	Ma et al.,2009
类型 Type	基因名称 Gene name	来源植物 Original plant	基因功能 Gene function	参考文献 Reference
	PeMYB2, PeMYB11, PeMYB12	小兰屿蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis equestris	控制萼片和花瓣的底色、斑点和网纹 The color patterns of sepals and petals were controlled by the background,spots and reticulation	Hsu et al.,2015a
	PeMYB11	蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis Yushan Little Pearl	高表达产生紫黑色斑点 Purple black spots were produced by overexpression of PeMYB11	Hsu et al.,2019
	PeMYB7 PeMYB11	蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis‘Panda’	正向调控PeF3H、PeF3'H和PeANS的表达 It promotes the expression of PeF3H,PeF3′H and PeANS	Zhao et al.,2019
	RcPAP1 RcPAP2	卡特兰 Cattleya hybrid‘KOVA’	使蝴蝶兰白色花被片变成了紫红色 It turns white perianth of Phalaenopsis to purplish red	Li et al.,2020a
	MYBx1	蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis‘Big Chili.’	编码R3-MYB蛋白,抑制花青素苷的积累 It encodes R3-MYB protein and inhibits anthocyanin accumulation	Fu et al.,2019
	MYB10	四川独蒜兰 Pleione limprichtii	调节PlFLS的表达,作为抑制花青素苷形成的阻遏物 It can regulate the expression of PlFLS as a repressor of anthocyanin formation	Zhang et al.,2020
	MYB10	蝴蝶石斛兰 Dendrobium phalaenopsis	负调控DFR、ANS、F3H、F3′H的表达 It inhibits the expression of DFR,ANS,F3H and F3′H	丁灵,2016
	CyMYB1 CybHLH1 CybHLH2	兰属 Cymbidium‘Mystique’	形成复合物可以激活CyDFR和CyANS The formation of complexes can activate CyDFR and CyANS	Nakatsuka et al.,2019
	DhMYB2 DhbHLH1	石斛杂交种 Dendrobium hybrids orchid	调节DhF3H、DhDFR和DhANS,导致白色花瓣产生紫色斑点 Regulation of DhF3H,DhDFR and DhANS genes resulted in purple spots on white petals	Li et al.,2017
	bHLH, MYB	大花蕙兰 Cymbidium hybrid‘Jung Frau dos Pueblos’	同时过表达可产生大量花青素苷 Overexpression of these two genes at the same time can produce a large amount of anthocyanins	Albert et al.,2010
	MYB4 bHLH1	蝴蝶石斛兰 Dendrobium phalaenopsis	bHLH1与MYB4形成互作的关系调控花青素苷生成 The interaction between bHLH1 and MYB4 formation regulates anthocyanin production	丁灵,2016

类型 Type	基因名称 Gene name	来源植物 Original plant	基因功能 Gene function	参考文献 Reference
结构基因 Structural gene	CHS	铁皮石斛 Dendrobium officinale	参与类黄酮的合成 Participate in the synthesis of flavonoids	孟衡玲等,2016
	OgCHS	文心兰 Oncidium‘Honey Dollp’	瞬时表达产生花青素苷 Transient expression to produce anthocyanins	Liu et al.,2012
	PcCHS	兜兰 Paphiopedilum concolor Pfitz	对花瓣中的紫色斑点起着调控作用 It can regulate the purple spots in petals	李冬梅等,2012a
	CHS	建兰‘龙福星蝶’Cymbidium ensifolium‘Longfuxingdie’	在红色区域表达,在黄绿色区域不表达 It is expressed in red area,but not in yellow green area	李文建等,2018
	OgCHI	文心兰 Oncidium Gower Ramsey	使黄色唇瓣产生花青素苷 It makes the yellow lips produce anthocyanins	Chiou & Yeh,2008
	CHI2	杂交石斛兰 Dendrobium Sirin classic	低表达导致颜色强度很低 Low expression leads to faded color	Kriangphan et al.,2015
	Va-F3H1	万代兰 Vanda hybrid	在白色品种中表达量非常低,在淡紫色品种中表达量较高 The expression is very low in white varieties,but high in light purple varieties	Junka et al.,2011
	F3H	石斛兰 Dendrobium officinale	其表达影响二氢黄酮醇含量,进而影响花青素苷的积累 The expression affected the content of dihydroflavonol,and then affect the accumulation of anthocyanins	Zhan et al.,2020
	DmF3′5′H	念珠石斛 Dendrobium moniliforme	使白色花被片产生了紫红色斑点 The white perianth produces purplish red spots	Whang et al.,2011
	F3′5′H	蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis hybrid	转基因植株花瓣颜色由粉红色变为红紫色 The petal color of transgenic plants changed from pink to red purple	Su & Hsu,2003
	PhF3′H	蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis	在红色蝴蝶兰中的表达量远高于黄色蝴蝶兰 The expression level in red Phalaenopsis is much higher than that in yellow Phalaenopsis	杨玉霞等,2013
	PsDFR	蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis‘Everspring Fairy’	低表达导致花瓣和萼片ABP受阻,没有花色素合成 Low expression of ABP in petals and sepals resulted in inhibition of anthocyanin synthesis	Ma et al.,2009
	PeUFGT3	蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis	在红色花色形成过程中起重要作用 It plays an important role in the formation of red flower	Chen et al.,2011
	CHS,DFR, ANS	大花蕙兰 Cymbidium hybrida	粉红色品种中的表达高于黄色、绿色品种 The expression in pink was higher than that in yellow and green	Wang et al.,2014
	ANS	万代兰 Vanda hybrid	白色的形成可能与其缺失有关 The formation of white may be related to the absence of ANS	Junka et al.,2011
调控基因Regulatory gene	OgMYB1	文心兰 Oncidium Gower Ramsey	激活OgCHI和OgDFR转录诱导红色色素的形成 Activation of OgCHI and OgDFR transcription induces red pigment formation	Chiou & Yeh,2008
调控基因Regulatory gene	MYB	蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis‘Everspring Fairy’	仅在紫色区域具有高表达,在白色区域没有表达 It is highly express only in the purple region,but not in the white region	Ma et al.,2009
类型 Type	基因名称 Gene name	来源植物 Original plant	基因功能 Gene function	参考文献 Reference
	PeMYB2, PeMYB11, PeMYB12	小兰屿蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis equestris	控制萼片和花瓣的底色、斑点和网纹 The color patterns of sepals and petals were controlled by the background,spots and reticulation	Hsu et al.,2015a
	PeMYB11	蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis Yushan Little Pearl	高表达产生紫黑色斑点 Purple black spots were produced by overexpression of PeMYB11	Hsu et al.,2019
	PeMYB7 PeMYB11	蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis‘Panda’	正向调控PeF3H、PeF3'H和PeANS的表达 It promotes the expression of PeF3H,PeF3′H and PeANS	Zhao et al.,2019
	RcPAP1 RcPAP2	卡特兰 Cattleya hybrid‘KOVA’	使蝴蝶兰白色花被片变成了紫红色 It turns white perianth of Phalaenopsis to purplish red	Li et al.,2020a
	MYBx1	蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis‘Big Chili.’	编码R3-MYB蛋白,抑制花青素苷的积累 It encodes R3-MYB protein and inhibits anthocyanin accumulation	Fu et al.,2019
	MYB10	四川独蒜兰 Pleione limprichtii	调节PlFLS的表达,作为抑制花青素苷形成的阻遏物 It can regulate the expression of PlFLS as a repressor of anthocyanin formation	Zhang et al.,2020
	MYB10	蝴蝶石斛兰 Dendrobium phalaenopsis	负调控DFR、ANS、F3H、F3′H的表达 It inhibits the expression of DFR,ANS,F3H and F3′H	丁灵,2016
	CyMYB1 CybHLH1 CybHLH2	兰属 Cymbidium‘Mystique’	形成复合物可以激活CyDFR和CyANS The formation of complexes can activate CyDFR and CyANS	Nakatsuka et al.,2019
	DhMYB2 DhbHLH1	石斛杂交种 Dendrobium hybrids orchid	调节DhF3H、DhDFR和DhANS,导致白色花瓣产生紫色斑点 Regulation of DhF3H,DhDFR and DhANS genes resulted in purple spots on white petals	Li et al.,2017
	bHLH, MYB	大花蕙兰 Cymbidium hybrid‘Jung Frau dos Pueblos’	同时过表达可产生大量花青素苷 Overexpression of these two genes at the same time can produce a large amount of anthocyanins	Albert et al.,2010
	MYB4 bHLH1	蝴蝶石斛兰 Dendrobium phalaenopsis	bHLH1与MYB4形成互作的关系调控花青素苷生成 The interaction between bHLH1 and MYB4 formation regulates anthocyanin production	丁灵,2016