园艺学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (10): 2018-2030.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0572
娄倩1,3, 刘冰1,3, 胡碧春1,3, 侯婷1,3, 刘雅莉2,3,*()
收稿日期:
2021-06-16
修回日期:
2021-09-07
出版日期:
2021-10-25
发布日期:
2021-11-01
通讯作者:
刘雅莉
E-mail:lyl6151@126.com
基金资助:
LOU Qian1,3, LIU Bing1,3, HU Bichun1,3, HOU Ting1,3, LIU Yali2,3,*()
Received:
2021-06-16
Revised:
2021-09-07
Online:
2021-10-25
Published:
2021-11-01
Contact:
LIU Yali
E-mail:lyl6151@126.com
摘要:
单子叶植物(APG III)共78科65 000余种,其中只有10科74属出现蓝色花,多为进化程度较高的衍生类群。本文概述了基于花青素苷的蓝色花色形成机理,总结了天门冬科、鸢尾科、石蒜科、蓝嵩莲科、鸭跖草科、雨久花科和百合科植物中的蓝色花色素化学研究进展,阐述了单子叶植物中少量的蓝色结构色现象,探讨了单子叶蓝色花育种的主要尝试和存在问题。
中图分类号:
娄倩, 刘冰, 胡碧春, 侯婷, 刘雅莉. 单子叶植物蓝色花呈色机理研究进展[J]. 园艺学报, 2021, 48(10): 2018-2030.
LOU Qian, LIU Bing, HU Bichun, HOU Ting, LIU Yali. Research Progress on the Color Development of Blue Flowers of Monocots[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(10): 2018-2030.
图2 本文中主要讨论的蓝色花 a.百子莲;b. 北葱;c. 玉蝉花;d. 风信子;e. 亚美尼亚葡萄风信子;f. 白及;g. 大花万代兰;h. 智利蓝红花;i. 鸭跖草(McDill et al.,2009);j. 凤眼蓝;k. 郁金香(Shoji et al.,2007);l. 小兰屿蝴蝶兰。
Fig. 2 Blue flowers discussed in this article a.Agapanthus praecox;b. Allium schoenoprasum;c. Iris ensata;d. Hyacinthus orientalis;e. Muscari‘Armeniacum’;f. Bletilla striata‘Murasaki Shikibu’;g. Vanda coerulea;h. Tecophilaea cyanocrocus;i. Commelina communis;j. Eichhornia crassipes;k. Tulipa gesneriana‘Murasakizuisho’(Shoji et al.,2007);l. Phalaenopsis equestris.
图3 单子叶植物中出现蓝色叶片、花药、果实的16属 a. 赖草属(叶);b. 丫蕊花属(花药);c. 山菅兰属(果)。
Fig. 3 Blue flowers occur in 16 genera in monocotyledon a. Hosta(leaf);b. Ypsilandra(anther);c. Dianella(fruit).
图4 郁金香(a、b)和缩序杜若(c ~ e)蓝色结构色 a. 花瓣的深紫色源自花色素,花瓣边缘蓝晕色源自花瓣表皮微结构造成的光栅干扰;b. 花瓣表皮的透射电镜图像(Fernandes et al.,2013);c. 缩序杜若干燥果实;d. 果序;e. 表层厚细胞壁中的纤维素微纤丝组装方式和透射圆偏振光三维示意图(Vignolini et al.,2012)。
Fig. 4 Blue structure color of Tulip(a,b)and Pollia condensata(c-e) a.The dark violet coloration is due to the pigment,whereas the blue appearance of the petal edge contains a contribution from the grating interference. b. Cryo-SEM image of the petal epidermis(Fernandes et al.,2013). c. Single fruit from dried herbarium specimen. d. Infructescence (cluster of fruits);e. 3D representation of the cellulose microfibrils that constitute the thick cell wall in layer 1 microfibril assembly and a transmitted circularly polarized beam(Vignolini et al.,2012).
[1] |
Asen S, Stewart R N, Norris K H, Massie D R. 1970. A stable blue non-metallic co-pigment complex of delphanin and C-glycosylflavones in Prof Blaauw Iris. Phytochemistry, 9:619-627.
doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85702-7 URL |
[2] |
Asen S, Stewart R N, Norris K H. 1972. Co-pigmentation of anthocyanins in plant tissues and its effect on color. Phytochemistry, 11:1139-1144.
doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)88467-8 URL |
[3] |
Bloor S J, Falshaw R. 2000. Covalently linked anthocyanin-flavonol pigments from blue Agapanthus flowers. Phytochemistry, 53:575-579.
pmid: 10724183 |
[4] |
Bloor S J. 2001. Deep blue anthocyanins from blue Dianella berries. Phytochemistry, 58:923-927.
pmid: 11684190 |
[5] |
Bremer B K, Bremer M W, Chase M F, Fay J L, Reveal D E, Soltis P S, Stevens P F. 2009. An update of the angiosperm phylogeny groupclassfication for the orders and families of floweringplants:APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161:105-121.
doi: 10.1111/(ISSN)1095-8339 URL |
[6] |
Brugliera F, Tao G Q, Tems U, Kalc G, Mouradova E, Price K, Stevenson K, Nakamura N, Stacey I, Katsumoto Y, Tanaka Y, Mason J G. 2013. Violet/blue chrysanthemums-metabolic engineering of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway results in novel petal colors. Plant and Cell Physiology, 54:1696-1710.
doi: 10.1093/pcp/pct110 pmid: 23926066 |
[7] |
Cai J, Liu X, Vanneste K, Proost S, Tsai W, Liu K, Chen L, He Y, Xu Q, Bian C, Zheng Z, Sun F, Liu W, Hsiao Y, Pan Z, Hsu C, Yang Y, Hsu Y, Chuang Y, Dievart A, Dufayard J, Xu X, Wang J, Wang J, Xiao X, Zhao X, Du R, Zhang G, Wang M, Su Y, Xie G, Liu G, Li L, Huang L, Luo Y, Chen H, van de Peer Y, Liu Z. 2015. The genome sequence of the orchid Phalaenopsis equestris. Nature Genetics, 47:65-72.
doi: 10.1038/ng.3149 URL |
[8] |
Chase M W, Reveal J L, Fay M F. 2009. A subfamilial classification for the expanded asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae,Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161:132-136.
doi: 10.1111/(ISSN)1095-8339 URL |
[9] |
Chen D K, Kim S, Chase M W, Kim J H. 2013. Networks in a large-scale phylogenetic analysis:reconstructing evolutionary history of Asparagales (Lilianae)based on four plastid genes. PLoS ONE, 8:e59472.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059472 URL |
[10] |
Chen K, Du L, Liu H, Liu Y. 2019. A novel R2R3-MYB from grape hyacinth,MaMybA,which is different from MaAN2,confers intense and magenta anthocyanin pigmentation in tobacco. BMC Plant Biology, 19:390.
doi: 10.1186/s12870-019-1999-0 URL |
[11] |
Chen K, Liu H, Lou Q, Liu Y. 2017. Ectopic expression of the grape hyacinth(Muscari armeniacum)R2R3-MYB transcription factor gene,MaAN2,induces anthocyanin accumulation in tobacco. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8:965.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00965 URL |
[12] | Chen W H, Hsu C Y, Cheng H Y, Chang H, Chen H H, Ger M J. 2011. Downregulation of putative UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase gene alters flower coloring in Phalaenopsis. Plant Cell Report, 30:1007-1017. |
[13] | Dyer A G, Boyd-Gerny S, Shrestha M, Lunau K, Garcia J E, Koethe S, Wong B B M. 2016. Innate colour preferences of the Australian native stingless bee Tetragonula carbonaria Sm. Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neuraland Behavioral Physiology, 202:603-613. |
[14] |
Dyer A G, Jentsch A, Burd M, Garcia J E, Giejsztowt J, Camargo M G G, Tjørve E, Tjørve K M C, White P, Shresthal M. 2021. Fragmentary blue:resolving the rarity paradox in flower colors. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11:618203.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.618203 URL |
[15] | Eliel E L, Wiley S H. 1994. Stereochemistry of organic compounds. New York:Wiley:1000. |
[16] |
Etalo D W, De Vos R C, Joosten M H, Hall R D. 2015. Spatially resolved plant metabolomics:some potentials and limitations of laser-ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry metabolite imaging. Plant Physiology, 169:1424-1435.
doi: 10.1104/pp.15.01176 URL |
[17] |
Fernandes S N, Geng Y, Vignolini S, Glover B J, Trindade A C, Canejo J P, Almeida P L, Brogueira P, Godinho M H. 2013. Structural color and iridescence in transparent sheared cellulosic films. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 214:25-32.
doi: 10.1002/macp.201200351 URL |
[18] |
Fossen T, Slimestad R, Øvstedal D O, Andersen Ø M. 2000. Covalent anthocyanin-flavonol complexes from flowers of chive Allium schoenoprasum. Phytochemistry, 54:317-323.
pmid: 10870187 |
[19] |
Fukui Y, Tanaka Y, Kusumi T, Iwashita T, Nomoto K. 2003. A rationale for the shift in colour towards blue in transgenic carnation flowers expressing the flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase gene. Phytochemistry, 63:15-23.
pmid: 12657292 |
[20] | Goto T, Kondo T. 1991. Structure and molecular stacking of anthocyanins-flower color variation. Angewandte Chemie International Ed in English, 30:17-33. |
[21] |
Goto T, Kondo T, Tamura H, Imagawa H, Iino A, Takeda K. 1982. Structure of gentiodelphin,an acylated anthocyanin isolated from Gentiana makinoi,that is stable in dilute aqueous solution. Tetrahedron Letters, 23:3695-3698.
doi: 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)88660-8 URL |
[22] |
Goto T, Kondo T, Tamura H, Takase S. 1983. Structure of malonylawobanin,the real anthocyanin present in blue-colored flower petals of Commelina communis. Tetrahedron Letters, 24:4863-4866.
doi: 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)94027-9 URL |
[23] |
Gottsberger G, Gottlieb O R. 1981. Blue flower pigmentation and evolutionary advancement. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 9:13-18.
doi: 10.1016/0305-1978(81)90053-3 URL |
[24] | Grotewold E. 2006. The science of flavonoids. New York: Springer:1-273. |
[25] |
Gumbert A. 2000. Color choices by bumble bees(Bombus terrestris):innate preferences and generalization after learning. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 48:36-43.
doi: 10.1007/s002650000213 URL |
[26] | Hayashi K, Abe Y, Mitsui S. 1958. Blue anthocyanins from the flowers of Commelina,the crystallization and some properties there of. Proceedings of the Japan Academy, 34:373-378. |
[27] |
Honda T, Saito N. 2002. Recent progress in the chemistry of polyacylated anthocyanins as flower color pigments. Heterocycles, 56:633-692.
doi: 10.3987/REV-01-SR(K)2 URL |
[28] |
Hosokawa K. 1996. Acylated anthocyanins in red flowers of Hyacinthus orientalis regenerated in vitro. Phytochemistry, 42:671-672.
doi: 10.1016/0031-9422(95)00949-3 URL |
[29] |
Hosokawa K, Fukunaga Y, Fukushi E, Kawabata J. 1995. Five acylated pelargonidin glucosides in the red flowers of Hyacinthus orientalis. Phytochemistry, 40:567-571.
doi: 10.1016/0031-9422(95)00312-U URL |
[30] |
Hsu C C, Chen Y Y, Tsai W C, Chen W H, Chen H H. 2015. Three R2R3-MYB transcription factors regulate distinct floral pigmentation patterning in Phalaenopsis spp. Plant Physiology, 168:175-191.
doi: 10.1104/pp.114.254599 URL |
[31] |
Katsumoto Y, Fukuchi-Mizutani M, Fukui Y, Brugliera F, Holton T A, Karan M, Nakamura N, Yonekura-Sakakibara K, Togami J, Pigeaire A, Tao G, Nehra N S, Lu C, Dyson B K, Tsuda S, Ashikari T, Kusumi T, Mason J G, Tanaka Y. 2007. Engineering of the rose flavonoid biosynthetic pathway successfully generated blue-hued flowers accumulating delphinidin. Plant Cell Physiology, 48:1589-1600.
doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcm131 URL |
[32] |
Kenneth R M, Kevin A M, Murray R B. 1997. Malvidin-3-O-glucoside-5-O-(6-acetylglucoside) and its colour manifestation in ‘Johnson's Blue’ and other‘Blue’geraniums. Phytochemistry, 45:417-423.
doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00831-X URL |
[33] |
Kinoshita S, Yoshioka S, Miyazaki J. 2008. Physics of structural colors. Reports on Progress in Physics, 71:076401.
doi: 10.1088/0034-4885/71/7/076401 URL |
[34] |
Kuroda M, Mimaki Y, Ori K, Sakagami H, Sashida Y. 2004. 27-Norlanostane glycosides from the bulbs of Muscari paradoxum. Journal of Natural Products, 67:2099-2103.
doi: 10.1021/np0401359 URL |
[35] | Lee D. 2010. Nature’s Palette:the science of plant color. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. |
[36] |
Liang C, Rengasamy K P, Huang L, Hsu C, Jeng M, Chen W, Chen H. 2020. Assessment of violet-blue color formation in Phalaenopsis orchids. BMC Plant Biology, 20:175-211.
doi: 10.1186/s12870-020-02384-6 URL |
[37] |
Liu H, Lou Q, Ma J, Su B, Gao Z, Liu Y. 2019. Cloning and functional characterization of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase gene involved in anthocyanidin biosynthesis of grape hyacinth. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20:4743.
doi: 10.3390/ijms20194743 URL |
[38] |
Lou Q, Liu Y, Qi Y, Jiao S, Tian F, Jiang L, Wang Y. 2014. Transcriptome sequencing and metabolite analysis reveals the role of delphinidin metabolism in flower colour in grape hyacinth. Journal of Experimental Botany, 65:3157-3164.
doi: 10.1093/jxb/eru168 URL |
[39] |
Lou Q, Wang L, Liu H, Liu Y. 2017. Anthocyanin profiles in flowers of grape hyacinth. Molecules, 22:688.
doi: 10.3390/molecules22050688 URL |
[40] |
McDill J, Repplinger M, Simpson B B, Kadereit J W. 2009. The phylogeny of Linum and Linaceae subfamily Linoideae,with implications for their systematics,biogeography,and evolution of heterostyly. Systematic Botany, 34:386-405.
doi: 10.1600/036364409788606244 URL |
[41] | Mii M. 2012. Ornamental plant breeding through interspecific hybridization,somatic hybridization and genetic transformation. Acta Horticulture, 953:43-54. |
[42] | Miyahara T, Takahashi M, Ozeki Y, Sasaki N. 2012. Isolation of an acyl-glucose-dependent anthocyanin 7-O-glucosyltransferase from the monocot Agapanthus africanus. Plant Phisiology, 169:1321-1326. |
[43] |
Momonoi K, Tsuji T, Kazuma K, Yoshida K. 2012. Specific expression of the vacuolar iron transporter,TgVit,causes iron accumulation in blue-colored inner bottom segments of various Tulip petals. Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 76:319-325.
doi: 10.1271/bbb.110708 URL |
[44] |
Morawetz L, Svoboda A, Spaethe J, Dyer A G. 2013. Blue colour preference in honeybees distracts visual attention for learning closed shapes. Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology, 199:817-827.
doi: 10.1007/s00359-013-0843-5 pmid: 23918312 |
[45] |
Mori M, Miki N, Ito D, Kondo T, Yoshida K. 2014. Structure of tecophilin,a tri-caffeoylanthocyanin from the blue petals of Tecophilaea cyanocrocus,and the mechanism of blue color development. Tetrahedron, 70:8657-8664.
doi: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.09.046 URL |
[46] |
Nishizaki Y, Yasunaga M, Okamoto E, Okamoto M, Hirose Y, Yamaguchi M, Ozeki Y, Sasaki N. 2013. p-Hydroxybenzoyl-glucose is a zwitter donor for the biosynthesis of 7-polyacylated anthocyanin in delphinium. The Plant Cell, 25:4150-4165.
doi: 10.1105/tpc.113.113167 pmid: 24179131 |
[47] |
Noda N. 2018. Recent advances in the research and development of blue flowers. Breeding Science, 68:79-87.
doi: 10.1270/jsbbs.17132 URL |
[48] |
Noda N, Aida R, Kishimoto S, Ishiguro K, Fukuchi-Mizutani M, Tanaka Y, Ohmiya A. 2013. Genetic engineering of novel bluer-colored chrysanthemums produced by accumulation of delphinidin-based anthocyanins. Plant and Cell Physiology, 54:1684-1695.
doi: 10.1093/pcp/pct111 URL |
[49] |
Ori K, Koroda M, Mimaki Y, Sakagami H, Sashida Y. 2003. Lanosterol and tetranorlanosterol glycosides from the bulbs of Muscari paradoxum. Phytochemistry, 64:1351-1359.
doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00498-9 URL |
[50] |
Qi Y, Lou Q, Quan Y, Liu Y. 2013. Flower-specific expression of the Phalaenopsis flavonoid 3′,5′-hydoxylase modifies flower color pigmentation in Petunia and Lilium. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 115:263-273.
doi: 10.1007/s11240-013-0359-2 URL |
[51] |
Robinson G M, Robinson R. 1931. A survey of anthocyanins. Biochemical Journal, 25:1687-1705.
pmid: 16744735 |
[52] |
Sasaki N, Nakayama T. 2015. Achievements and perspectives in biochemistry concerning anthocyanin modification for blue flower coloration. Plant and Cell Physiology, 56:28-40.
doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcu097 URL |
[53] | Seago A E, Brady P, Vigneron J P, Schultz T D. 2009. Gold bugs and beyond:A review of iridescence and structural colour mechanisms in beetles (Coleoptera). Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 6:165-184. |
[54] |
Shibata K, Shibata Yu, Kasiwagi I. 1919. Studies on Anthocyanins:color-variation in anthocyanins. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 41:208-220.
doi: 10.1021/ja01459a008 URL |
[55] |
Shoji K, Miki N, Nakajima N, Momonoi K, Kato C, Yoshida K. 2007. Perianth bottom-specific blue color development in Tulip cv. Murasakizuisho requires ferric ions. Plant Cell Physiology, 48:243-251.
doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcl060 URL |
[56] |
Shrestha M, Burd M, Garcia J E, Dorin A, Dyer A G. 2019. Colour evolution within orchids depends on whether the pollinator is a bee or a fly. Plant Biology, 21:745-752.
doi: 10.1111/plb.12968 pmid: 30681768 |
[57] |
Strack D, Busch E, Klein E. 1989. Anthocyanin patterns in european orchids and their taxonomic and phylogenetic relevance. Phytochemistry, 28:2127-2139.
doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97931-7 URL |
[58] |
Su V, Hsu B D. 2003. Cloning and expression of a putative cytochrome P450 gene that influences the colour of Phalaenopsis flowers. Biotechnology Letters, 25:1933-1939.
doi: 10.1023/B:BILE.0000003989.19657.53 URL |
[59] |
Tai K C, Shrestha M, Dyer A G, Yang E C, Wang C N. 2020. Floral color diversity:how are signals shaped by elevational gradient on the tropical-subtropical mountainous island of Taiwan? Frontiers in Plant Science, 11:582784.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.582784 URL |
[60] |
Tamura H, Kondo T, Kato Y, Goto T. 1983. Structures of a succinyl anthocyanin and a malonyl flavone,two constituents of the complex blue pigment of cornflower Centaurea cyanus. Tetrahedron Letters, 24:5749-5752.
doi: 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)94191-1 URL |
[61] | Tanaka Y, Brugliera F. 2013. Flower colour and cytochromes P450. Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 368:1-14. |
[62] |
Tanaka Y, Brugliera F, Chandler S. 2009. Recent progress of flower colour modification by biotechnology. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 10:5350-5369.
doi: 10.3390/ijms10125350 URL |
[63] |
Tanaka Y, Sasaki N, Ohmiya A. 2008. Biosynthesis of plant pigments:anthocyanins,betalains andcarotenoids. Plant Journal, 54:733-749.
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03447.x URL |
[64] |
Tatsuzawa F, Saito N, Seki H, Hara R, Honda T. 1997. Acylated cyanidin glycosides in the red-purple flowers of Phalaenopsis. Phytochemistry, 45:173-177.
doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00802-3 URL |
[65] |
Tatsuzawa F, Saito N, Seki H, Yokoi M, Yukawa T, Shinoda K, Honda T. 2004. Acylated anthocyanins in the flowers of Vanda(Orchidaceae). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 32:651-664.
doi: 10.1016/j.bse.2004.02.004 URL |
[66] |
Tatsuzawa F, Saito N, Shigihara A, Honda T, Toki K, Shinoda K, Yukawa T, Miyoshi K. 2010. An acylated cyanidin 3,7-diglucoside in the bluish flowers of Bletilla striata‘Murasaki Shikibu’(Orchidaceae). Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 79:215-220.
doi: 10.2503/jjshs1.79.215 URL |
[67] | Tatsuzawa F, Saito N, Yokoi M. 1996. Anthocyanins in the flowers of Cymbidium. Lindleyana, 11:214-219. |
[68] |
Tatsuzawa F, Saito N, Yokoi M, Shigihara A, Honda T. 1994. An acylated cyanidin glycoside in the red-purple flowers of × Laeliocattleya cv Mini Purple. Phytochemistry, 37:1179.
pmid: 7765660 |
[69] |
Tatsuzawa F, Saito N, Yokoi M, Shigihara A, Honda T. 1998. Acylated cyanidin glycosides in the orange-red flowers of Sophronitis coccinea. Phytochemistry, 49:869-874.
doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00182-4 URL |
[70] |
Toki K, Saito N, Iimura K, Suzuki T, Honda T. 1994. (Delphinidin 3-gentiobiosyl)(apigenin 7-glucosyl) malonate from the flowers of Eichhornia crassipes. Phytochemistry, 36:1181-1183.
pmid: 7765361 |
[71] |
van der Kooi C J, Dyer A G, Kevan P G, Lunau K. 2019. Functional significance of the optical properties of flowers for visual signalling. Annals of Botany, 123:263-276.
doi: 10.1093/aob/mcy119 URL |
[72] |
Vignolini S, Moyroud E, Hingant T, Banks H, Rudall P J, Steiner U, Glover B J. 2015. The flower of Hibiscus trionum is both visibly and measurably iridescent. New Phytologist, 205:97-101.
doi: 10.1111/nph.12958 pmid: 25040014 |
[73] | Vignolini S, Rudall J P, Rowland A V, Reed A, Moyroud E, Faden R B, Baumberg J J, Glover B J, Steiner U. 2012. Pointillist structural color in Pollia fruit. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109:15712-15715. |
[74] | Wang Lin. 2017. Flower pigment analysis of Phalaenopsis and selection of transformation vatieties with the blue genes[M. D. Dissertation]. Northwest A & F University.(in Chinese) |
王琳. 2017. 蝴蝶兰花色成因分析及适宜转蓝色基因的品种选择[硕士论文]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学. | |
[75] | Williams C A, Greenham J, Harborne J B, Kong J M, Chia L S, Goh N K, Saito N, Toki K, Tatsuzawa F. 2002. Acylated anthocyanins and flavonols from purple flowers of Dendrobium cv.‘Pompadour’. Biochemical Systematics & Ecology, 30:667-675. |
[76] | Willstätter R, Everest A E. 1913. Untersuchungen über die Anthocyane. I. Über den Farbstoff der Kornblume. Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 401:189-232. |
[77] |
Yabuya T, Nakamura M, Iwashina T, Yamaguchi M, Takehara T. 1997. Anthocyanin-flavone copigmentation in bluish purple flowers of Japanese garden iris(Iris ensata Thunb.). Euphytica, 98:163-167.
doi: 10.1023/A:1003152813333 URL |
[78] |
Yoshida K, Kondo T, Goto T. 1992. Intramolecular stacking conformation of gentiodelphin,a diacylated anthocyanin from Gentiana makinoi. Tetrahedron, 48:4313-4326.
doi: 10.1016/S0040-4020(01)80442-7 URL |
[79] |
Yoshida K, Kondo T, Kameda K, Kawakishi S, Lubag A J M., Mendoza E M T, Goto T. 1991. Structures of alatanin A,B and C isolated from edible purple yam Dioscorea alata. Tetrahedron Letters, 32:5575-5578.
doi: 10.1016/0040-4039(91)80087-M URL |
[80] |
Yoshida K, Mori M, Kondo T. 2009. Blue flower color development by anthocyanins:from chemical structure to cell physiology. Natural Product Reports, 26:884-915.
doi: 10.1039/b800165k pmid: 19554240 |
[81] |
Yoshida K, Toyama Y, Kameda K, Kondo T. 2000. Contribution of each caffeoyl residue of the pigment molecule of gentiodelphin to blue color development. Phytochemistry, 54:85-92.
pmid: 10846752 |
[82] |
Zhang H, Gong J, Chen K, Yao W, Zhang B, Wang J, Tian S, Liu H, Wang Y, Liu Y, Du L. 2020. A novel R3 MYB transcriptional repressor,MaMYBx,finely regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in grape hyacinth. Plant Science, 298:110588.
doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110588 pmid: 32771147 |
[83] | Zhang Ping, Liu Yali, Qi Yinyan, Hua Zhanyong. 2010. The selection of lily cultivars suitable for being transformed blue genes by using the grey correlation analysis. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 26:52-56.(in Chinese) |
张萍, 刘雅莉, 祁银燕, 化占勇. 2010. 利用灰色关联分析法选择适宜转蓝色基因的百合品种. 中国农学通报, 26:52-56. | |
[84] | Zi J, Yu X, Li Y, Hu X, Xu C, Wang X, Liu X, Fu R. 2003. Coloration strategies in peacock feathers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100:12576-12578. |
[1] | 薛晨晨, 黄 璐, 张晓燕, 苏晓明, 苏若成, 袁星星, 陈 新. 菜用大豆新品种‘苏成4号’[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(S1): 89-90. |
[2] | 陈美元, 廖剑华, 蔡志欣, 郭仲杰, 卢园萍, 王泽生. 双孢蘑菇新品种‘福蘑52’[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(S1): 97-100. |
[3] | 易双双, 廖 易, 黄明忠, 李崇晖, 张志群, 陆顺教, . 石斛兰新品种‘小桃红’[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(S1): 135-136. |
[4] | 章志远, 姜海翠, 张玲玲, 万金丹, 胡骏婷, 顾 琪, . 观赏荷花新品种‘钟山暖阳’[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(S1): 159-160. |
[5] | 徐筋燕, 何晓兰, 邵明灿, 郭书巧. 栝楼新品种‘苏蒌1号’[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(S1): 215-216. |
[6] | 王沙, 张心慧, 赵玉洁, 李变变, 招雪晴, 沈雨, 董建梅, 苑兆和. 石榴花青苷合成相关基因PgMYB111的克隆与功能分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(9): 1883-1894. |
[7] | 吴凡, 江俊浩, 卢山, 张楠, 邱帅, 魏建芬, 沈柏春. 中国绣球属种质资源及其利用研究进展[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(9): 2037-2050. |
[8] | 王勇健, 孔俊花, 范培格, 梁振昌, 金秀良, 刘布春, 代占武. 葡萄表型组高通量获取及分析方法研究进展[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(8): 1815-1832. |
[9] | 李晓明, 于俊池, 王春夏. 露地、温室、温室遮阳下紫花和白花香青兰生长及次生代谢物比较[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(6): 1363-1370. |
[10] | 何静娟, 范燕萍. 观赏植物花色相关的类胡萝卜素组成及代谢调控研究进展[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(5): 1162-1172. |
[11] | 沈植国, 张琳, 袁德义, 程建明. 蜡梅花色及其红花新资源研究进展[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(4): 924-934. |
[12] | 王静, 徐雷锋, 王令, 祁先宇, 宋蒙, 曹雨薇, 何国仁, 唐玉超, 杨盼盼, 明军. 百合花色表型数量分类研究[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(3): 571-580. |
[13] | 程世平, 姚鹏强, 耿喜宁, 刘春洋, 谢丽华. 高温诱导牡丹产生未减数花粉[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(3): 581-589. |
[14] | 周琳, 邹红竹, 韩璐璐, 贾莹华, 王雁. 糖基转移酶在花瓣色泽形成中的作用研究进展[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(3): 687-700. |
[15] | 卢甜甜, 刘志远, 徐兆生, 张合龙, 李国亮, 折红兵, 钱伟. 菜豆花色全基因组关联分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(2): 332-340. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||
版权所有 © 2012 《园艺学报》编辑部 京ICP备10030308号-2 国际联网备案号 11010802023439
编辑部地址: 北京市海淀区中关村南大街12号中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 邮编: 100081
电话: 010-82109523 E-Mail: yuanyixuebao@126.com
技术支持:北京玛格泰克科技发展有限公司