百合花被片的结构和色素成分对花色的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0519

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对7个色系27个百合品种进行花被片结构分析。百合花被片中的色素主要存在于上下表皮细胞中,大部分品种的上、下表皮细胞均为不规则的长条形,有些品种含有花青素的细胞呈规则的多边形,排列比较紧密;花被片斑点的主要色素为花青素。对7个色系61个百合品种和2个野生种进行色素成分分析,通过HPLC-QTOF-MS鉴定得到了23种类黄酮化合物、1种花青素苷（矢车菊素-3-O-芸香糖苷）和10种类胡萝卜素（9Z-紫黄质、花药黄质、辣椒红素、叶黄素、玉米黄质、橘黄质、9Z-花药黄质、β-隐黄质、β-胡萝卜素和9Z-β-胡萝卜素）。百合花被片中均含有类黄酮化合物。白色花被片中主要含有类黄酮化合物,有的含有极少量的类胡萝卜素;红色花被片中含有花青素、类胡萝卜素和黄酮类化合物,且花青素和类胡萝卜素为主要的呈色物质;紫红色和粉色花被片中主要含有花青素和黄酮类化合物;黄色和橙色花被片中主要呈色物质是类胡萝卜素。

关键词: 百合, 花被片结构, 花色, 色素

Abstract:

Twenty-seven lily cultivars of seven colour group were used to analyze the lily tepal structure,the pigments exist in upper and lower epidermis of lily tepals. The upper and lower epidermal cells are irregular rectangular in most of the lily cultivars while some epidermal cells present closely regular polygon that contain anthocyanin. At the same time,tepal spots contained anthocyanins. Sixty-one lily cultivars and two wild species of seven colour group were used to analyze the tepal pigment composition,twenty-three kinds of flavonoid compounds,one kind of anthocyanin （ cyaniding-3-O- rutinoside ） and ten carotenoids （ 9Z-violaxanthin,antheraxanthin,9Z-antheraxanthin,mutatoxanthin,capsanthin,lutein,zeaxanthin,β-cryptoxanthin,β-carotene,and 9Z-β-carotene ） were identified by HPLC-QTOF-MS from lily tepal. The lily tepal all contained flavonoids. White tepal mainly contained flavonoids and some cultivars had a tiny amount of carotenoids. Red tepal contained anthocyanins,carotenoids and flavonoids while carotenoids and anthocyanins were the main pigment,flavonoids served as co-pigment. Purple-red and pink tepal contained anthocyanins and flavonoids while yellow and orange tepal mainly contained carotenoids.

Key words: lily, tepal structure, flower color, pigment

中图分类号:

S682.2

王青, 吕彤, 吕英民. 百合花被片的结构和色素成分对花色的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2021, 48(10): 1873-1884.

WANG Qing, LÜ Tong, LÜ Yingmin. The Impact of Tepal Structure and Pigment Composition on the Flower Colour of Lily[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(10): 1873-1884.

图/表 8

参考文献 33

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色系（数量） Group（number）	品种 Cultivar	野生种 Wild species
白（8）White group	Navona,Annemnrie’s Dream,Merluza,Ercolano,Selene Zanlosele,Big Tower,Siberia,White Heaven
粉（6）Pink group	Vermeer,Sugar Diamond,Merlet,Elodie,Trudy,Dolcetto
红（8）Red group	Detroit,Black Out,Prunotto,红色拉丁Hongse Lading,Red Life,Red Velvet,Red Alert,Fangio
紫红（8）Purple-red group	Rosella’s Dream,Toronto,Senna,冠军Guanjun,Esta Bonita,Pink Flavour,Miyabi,Pearl Loraine
橙（9）Orange group	Loreto,Tresor,Campeche,Lancifolium Flore Pleno,Honesty,Brunello,African Queen	卷丹Lilium lancifolium, 兰州百合L. davidii var. willmottiae
黄（13）Yellow group	Grand Cru,Aladdin,Dazzle,Scipione,Pavia,Mannisa,Freya,Ballroom,Yelloween,Saltarella,Conca D’or,Pearl Stacey,Tiger Babies
复色（11） Double colour group	Easy Waltz,Black spider,Orange Electric,Cancun,Party Diamond,Triumphator,Donato,Sannomiya,Pearl Jessica,Prince Promise,Mitsuyo

色系（数量） Group（number）	品种 Cultivar	野生种 Wild species
白（8）White group	Navona,Annemnrie’s Dream,Merluza,Ercolano,Selene Zanlosele,Big Tower,Siberia,White Heaven
粉（6）Pink group	Vermeer,Sugar Diamond,Merlet,Elodie,Trudy,Dolcetto
红（8）Red group	Detroit,Black Out,Prunotto,红色拉丁Hongse Lading,Red Life,Red Velvet,Red Alert,Fangio
紫红（8）Purple-red group	Rosella’s Dream,Toronto,Senna,冠军Guanjun,Esta Bonita,Pink Flavour,Miyabi,Pearl Loraine
橙（9）Orange group	Loreto,Tresor,Campeche,Lancifolium Flore Pleno,Honesty,Brunello,African Queen	卷丹Lilium lancifolium, 兰州百合L. davidii var. willmottiae
黄（13）Yellow group	Grand Cru,Aladdin,Dazzle,Scipione,Pavia,Mannisa,Freya,Ballroom,Yelloween,Saltarella,Conca D’or,Pearl Stacey,Tiger Babies
复色（11） Double colour group	Easy Waltz,Black spider,Orange Electric,Cancun,Party Diamond,Triumphator,Donato,Sannomiya,Pearl Jessica,Prince Promise,Mitsuyo

组分 Peak No.	保留时间/min Retention time	吸收波长/nm Absorption maxima	质谱信息（m/z） [M + H]⁺	推定结果 Tentative identification
1	21.20	327,411,433,464	601.4256	9Z-紫黄质 9Z-Violaxanthin
2	21.60	373.5,412,443,460	585.4312	花药黄质 Antheraxanthin
3	24.50	407^sh,428,450	585.4374	橘黄质 Mutatoxanthin
4	25.80	423^sh,444,473	569.4042	叶黄素 Lutein
5	27.80	290.3,472.6	585.4317	辣椒红素 Capsanthin
6	29.60	428^sh,448,476	569.4421	玉米黄质 Zeaxanthin
7	30.60	330,416^sh,440,467	585.4326	9Z-花药黄质9Z-Antheraxanthin
8	37.20	430^sh,454,476	553.4412	β-隐黄质 β-Cryptoxanthin
9	42.80	416^sh,440,481	537.4490	β-胡萝卜素 β-Carotene
10	43.00	344,422^sh 447,471	537.4542	9Z-β-胡萝卜素9Z-β-Carotene

组分 Peak No.	保留时间/min Retention time	吸收波长/nm Absorption maxima	质谱信息（m/z） [M + H]⁺	推定结果 Tentative identification
1	21.20	327,411,433,464	601.4256	9Z-紫黄质 9Z-Violaxanthin
2	21.60	373.5,412,443,460	585.4312	花药黄质 Antheraxanthin
3	24.50	407^sh,428,450	585.4374	橘黄质 Mutatoxanthin
4	25.80	423^sh,444,473	569.4042	叶黄素 Lutein
5	27.80	290.3,472.6	585.4317	辣椒红素 Capsanthin
6	29.60	428^sh,448,476	569.4421	玉米黄质 Zeaxanthin
7	30.60	330,416^sh,440,467	585.4326	9Z-花药黄质9Z-Antheraxanthin
8	37.20	430^sh,454,476	553.4412	β-隐黄质 β-Cryptoxanthin
9	42.80	416^sh,440,481	537.4490	β-胡萝卜素 β-Carotene
10	43.00	344,422^sh 447,471	537.4542	9Z-β-胡萝卜素9Z-β-Carotene

色系 Colour group	低Low （0 ~ 50 μg · g^-1）	中Medium （50 ~ 100 μg · g^-1）	高High （> 100 μg · g^-1）
白色系 White group	Big Tower（1.43 ± 0.03）,Navona（4.51 ± 0.42）,Rosella’s Dream（5.08 ± 0.59）,White Heaven（9.31 ± 1.70）
黄色系 Yellow group	Tiger Babies（1.76 ± 0.07）,Freya（1.81 ± 0.31）,Ballroom（5.59 ± 0.51）,Conca D’or（8.94 ± 0.11）,Pearl Stacey（11.16 ± 1.94）,Saltarella（16.55 ± 2.88）,Mannisa（20.71 ± 4.90）,Pavia（22.86 ± 1.10）,Yelloween （23.48 ± 0.32）,Scipione（25.32 ± 1.47）,Dazzle（37.59 ± 0.53）,Grand Cru（39.49 ± 2.19）	Aladdin（82.23 ± 1.95）
红色系 Red group	Red Alert（10.22 ± 0.42）, Fangio（1.05 ± 0.17）	Black Out（54.79 ± 6.09）, Red Velvet（64.43 ± 7.51）, Prunotto（67.73 ± 1.16）	Red Life（120.78 ± 9.56）, 红色拉丁Hongse Lading（140.93 ± 5.80）,Detroit（252.70 ± 17.81）
橙色系 Orange group	Honesty（32.46 ± 3.92）, African Queen（41.40 ± 3.67）	Lancifolium Flore Pleno（52.58 ± 2.16）,卷丹Lilium lancifolium（56.28 ± 1.77）,Campeche （90.31 ± 5.36）	兰州百合L. davidii var. willmottiae（109.21 ±1.90）,Brunello（109.92 ± 2.10）,Tresor（141.38 ± 5.32）, Loreto（238.10 ± 9.08）
紫红色系 Purple-red group	Toronto（1.02 ± 0.03）, Pearl Loraine（4.66 ± 0.16）
复色系 Double color group	Prince Promise（2.81 ± 0.29）	Orange Electric（65.87 ± 0.18）,Cancun（73.87 ± 1.64）