木本观赏植物远缘杂交育种研究进展

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0565

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

论述了木本观赏植物远缘杂交障碍的机理,概述了远缘杂交在育种上的应用,远缘杂交障碍克服途径以及杂交后代的鉴定等最新研究进展,提出木本观赏植物远缘杂交育种应着重于生殖隔离分子机制研究,利用现代生物技术,探索多种途径克服受精前与受精后障碍,创制新资源的观点。此外,充分挖掘野生木本观赏植物资源,仍是培育品种的有效途径之一。

关键词: 观赏植物, 木本, 远缘杂交, 杂交障碍, 克服途径, 鉴定

Abstract:

This paper discusses the obstacle mechanism of distant hybridization of woody ornamental plants. It summarized the applications of distant hybridization in breeding,reviews the ways to overcome the barrier of distant hybrization and the latest progress in the identification of hybrid offspring. It shows the opinion that the distant hybridization breeding of woody ornamental plants is supposed to focus on the molecular mechanism of reproductive isolation,making full use of modern biotechnology to seek the ways to overcome pre-fertilization and post-fertilization barriers to cultivate new resources. In addition,fully exploring the wild woody ornamental plant resources is still one of the effective ways to breed varieties of woody ornamental plants.

Key words: ornamental plant, woody, distant hybridization, hybridization barrier, ways to overcome, identification

中图分类号:

施丽婷, 周鑫洋, 叶建丰, 周家豪, 王刚, 夏国华. 木本观赏植物远缘杂交育种研究进展[J]. 园艺学报, 2021, 48(9): 1827-1838.

SHI Liting, ZHOU Xinyang, YE Jianfeng, ZHOU Jiahao, WANG Gang, XIA Guohua. Advances in Distant Hybridization Breeding of Woody Ornamental Plants[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(9): 1827-1838.

图/表 2

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类型 Type	克服措施 Overcoming way	参考文献 Reference
地理隔离 Geographical isolation	移栽杂交 Transplanting hybridization	武慧贞,1990
季节隔离 Seasonal isolation	花期调控;花粉保存 Flowering regulation,pollen preservation	姜景民,2006;Castro et al.,2008;李婷婷等,2019
生理隔离 Physiological isolation	蒙导花粉,蕾期授粉,延迟授粉,重复授粉 Mentor pollen,bud pollination,delayed pollination,duplicate pollination	杨凯,2014;李文芳,2015;杨涛等,2015;耿兴敏等,2017
形态隔离 Morphological isolation	共享同一种传粉者 Share the same pollinator	李鹏和罗毅波,2009
杂种不活、不育、衰败 Hybrid inactivation,sterility and decay	胚挽救,多倍体育种 Embryo rescue,polyploid breeding	聂硕,2016;贺丹等,2020a

类型 Type	克服措施 Overcoming way	参考文献 Reference
地理隔离 Geographical isolation	移栽杂交 Transplanting hybridization	武慧贞,1990
季节隔离 Seasonal isolation	花期调控;花粉保存 Flowering regulation,pollen preservation	姜景民,2006;Castro et al.,2008;李婷婷等,2019
生理隔离 Physiological isolation	蒙导花粉,蕾期授粉,延迟授粉,重复授粉 Mentor pollen,bud pollination,delayed pollination,duplicate pollination	杨凯,2014;李文芳,2015;杨涛等,2015;耿兴敏等,2017
形态隔离 Morphological isolation	共享同一种传粉者 Share the same pollinator	李鹏和罗毅波,2009
杂种不活、不育、衰败 Hybrid inactivation,sterility and decay	胚挽救,多倍体育种 Embryo rescue,polyploid breeding	聂硕,2016;贺丹等,2020a

类型 Type	母本（♀） Maternal parent	父本（♂） Paternal parent	育成品种 Bred variety	文献 Reference
科间杂交 Interdisciplinary hybridization	银白杨Populus alba	白榆Ulmus pumila	银榆杨‘Yin yu’	别碗丽等,1980;杨成超等,2007,2013
属间杂交 Intergeneric hybridization	紫玉兰Magnolia liliflora、云南含笑M. yunnanensis、球花含笑M. sphaerantha、广玉兰M. grandiflora	云南含笑M. yunnanensis、紫玉兰M. liliflora、广玉兰M. grandiflora、球花含笑M. sphaerantha		龚洵等,2003b
	龙眼‘石硖’ Dimocarpus longan ‘Shixia’、‘早熟龙眼’‘Zaoshu Longyan’、‘古山二号’‘Gushan 2’	荔枝‘紫娘喜’Litchi chinensis‘Ziniangxi’		赵玉辉等, 2008
	夏蜡梅Sinocalycanthus chinensis	美国蜡梅Calycanthus floridus	夏蜡梅‘红运’‘Hongyun’	姚青菊等,2014
	梅Armeniaca mume	山桃Amygdalus davidiana		王翠梅等,2015
	星花玉兰‘睡莲’ M. stellata ‘Waterlily’	阔瓣含笑‘新含笑’ M. platypetala‘Xin Hanxiao’	玉兰‘小璇’‘Xiaoxuan’	谢斌等,2020
种间杂交 Interspecific hybridization	梅A. mume	杏A. vulgaris		张启翔,1992
	云南含笑M. yunnanensis	灰岩含笑M. calcicola		龚洵等,2003a
	乐昌含笑M. chapensis	云南含笑M. yunnanensis		姜景民,2006
	芍药Paeonia lactiflora	牡丹P. suffruticos	‘和谐’‘Hexie’	郝青等,2008
	金花茶Camellia petelotii	七星白C. japonica、茶梅C. sasanqua		徐晶等,2009
	落羽杉Taxodium distichum、墨西哥落羽杉T. mucronatum	墨西哥落羽杉T. mucronatum、落羽杉T. distichum		於朝广等,2009
	牡丹‘丹顶鹤’P. suffruticosa ‘Dandinghe’	黄牡丹P. lutea		律春燕,2010
	牡丹P. suffruticosa	黄牡丹P. delavayi var. lutea	黄牡丹 ‘Mme. Louis Henry’	张娜娜,2011
	紫薇Lagerstroemia indica	福氏紫薇L. fauriei	紫薇‘JD818’、‘JD900’、‘JD827’	Davy,2012a,2012b,2012c
	玫瑰Rosa rugosa	月季R. hybrida		于晓艳等,2014
	美国红枫Acer rubrum	元宝枫A. truncatum		张朋,2014
	元宝枫A. truncatum	美国红枫A. rubrum		张朋,2014
	黄牡丹P. delavayi var. lutea	牡丹‘日月锦’ P. suffruticosa ‘Jitsugetsu-nishiki’	牡丹‘彩虹’ ‘Caihong’	袁涛等,2015
	三角枫A. buergerianum	金沙槭A. paxii		李文芳,2015
	金沙槭A. paxii	三角枫A. buergerianum		李文芳,2015
类型 Type	母本（♀） Maternal parent	父本（♂） Paternal parent	育成品种 Bred variety	文献 Reference
	野蔷薇R. multiflora	多情玫瑰R.‘Les amoureux de peynet’		杨涛等,2015
	大白杜鹃 Rhododendron decorum	露珠杜鹃R. irroratum		解玮佳等,2016
	弯刺蔷薇R. beggeriana	现代月季‘墨红’ R. Hybrida ‘Crimoson Glory’	月季‘天山之星’R‘Tianshanzhixing’	杨树华等,2016
	映山红R. simsii,满山红R. mariesii,马银花R. ovatum	云锦杜鹃R. fortunei,猴头杜鹃R. simiarum,大白杜鹃R. decorum,马缨杜鹃R. delavayi		耿兴敏等,2017
	芍药‘粉玉奴’ P. lactiflora‘Fenyunu’	牡丹‘凤丹白’ P. suffruticosa ‘Fengdanbai’		解梦珺,2017
	芍药‘朱砂判’ P. lactiflora‘Zhu Sha Pan’	牡丹‘姚黄’ P. suffruticosa ‘Yao Huang’		刘建鑫等,2017
	景宁木兰M. sinostellata	望春玉兰M. biondii		陈翔翔等,2017
	马银花R. ovatum、映山红R. simsii、满山红R. mariesii	大白杜鹃R. decorum、云锦杜鹃R. fortunei、猴头杜鹃R. simiarum、马缨杜鹃R. delavayi		耿兴敏等,2017
	紫花含笑M. crassipes	含笑M. figo、深山含笑M. maudiae、阔瓣含笑M. platypetala		柴弋霞等,2018
	东北红豆杉Taxus cuspidata	日本红豆杉 T. cuspidate var. nana		王丹丹和张彦文,2019
	现代月季‘赞歌’ R. hybrida‘Sanka’	粉团蔷薇R. multiflora var. cathayensis		吴钰滢等,2019
	紫薇L. indica	福建紫薇L. limii	紫薇‘绚紫’‘Xuanzi’	李振芳等,2020
	滇丁香Luculia pinceana	鸡冠滇丁香L. yunnanensis	‘香魂’‘Xianghun’	马宏等,2020

类型 Type	母本（♀） Maternal parent	父本（♂） Paternal parent	育成品种 Bred variety	文献 Reference
科间杂交 Interdisciplinary hybridization	银白杨Populus alba	白榆Ulmus pumila	银榆杨‘Yin yu’	别碗丽等,1980;杨成超等,2007,2013
属间杂交 Intergeneric hybridization	紫玉兰Magnolia liliflora、云南含笑M. yunnanensis、球花含笑M. sphaerantha、广玉兰M. grandiflora	云南含笑M. yunnanensis、紫玉兰M. liliflora、广玉兰M. grandiflora、球花含笑M. sphaerantha		龚洵等,2003b
	龙眼‘石硖’ Dimocarpus longan ‘Shixia’、‘早熟龙眼’‘Zaoshu Longyan’、‘古山二号’‘Gushan 2’	荔枝‘紫娘喜’Litchi chinensis‘Ziniangxi’		赵玉辉等, 2008
	夏蜡梅Sinocalycanthus chinensis	美国蜡梅Calycanthus floridus	夏蜡梅‘红运’‘Hongyun’	姚青菊等,2014
	梅Armeniaca mume	山桃Amygdalus davidiana		王翠梅等,2015
	星花玉兰‘睡莲’ M. stellata ‘Waterlily’	阔瓣含笑‘新含笑’ M. platypetala‘Xin Hanxiao’	玉兰‘小璇’‘Xiaoxuan’	谢斌等,2020
种间杂交 Interspecific hybridization	梅A. mume	杏A. vulgaris		张启翔,1992
	云南含笑M. yunnanensis	灰岩含笑M. calcicola		龚洵等,2003a
	乐昌含笑M. chapensis	云南含笑M. yunnanensis		姜景民,2006
	芍药Paeonia lactiflora	牡丹P. suffruticos	‘和谐’‘Hexie’	郝青等,2008
	金花茶Camellia petelotii	七星白C. japonica、茶梅C. sasanqua		徐晶等,2009
	落羽杉Taxodium distichum、墨西哥落羽杉T. mucronatum	墨西哥落羽杉T. mucronatum、落羽杉T. distichum		於朝广等,2009
	牡丹‘丹顶鹤’P. suffruticosa ‘Dandinghe’	黄牡丹P. lutea		律春燕,2010
	牡丹P. suffruticosa	黄牡丹P. delavayi var. lutea	黄牡丹 ‘Mme. Louis Henry’	张娜娜,2011
	紫薇Lagerstroemia indica	福氏紫薇L. fauriei	紫薇‘JD818’、‘JD900’、‘JD827’	Davy,2012a,2012b,2012c
	玫瑰Rosa rugosa	月季R. hybrida		于晓艳等,2014
	美国红枫Acer rubrum	元宝枫A. truncatum		张朋,2014
	元宝枫A. truncatum	美国红枫A. rubrum		张朋,2014
	黄牡丹P. delavayi var. lutea	牡丹‘日月锦’ P. suffruticosa ‘Jitsugetsu-nishiki’	牡丹‘彩虹’ ‘Caihong’	袁涛等,2015
	三角枫A. buergerianum	金沙槭A. paxii		李文芳,2015
	金沙槭A. paxii	三角枫A. buergerianum		李文芳,2015
类型 Type	母本（♀） Maternal parent	父本（♂） Paternal parent	育成品种 Bred variety	文献 Reference
	野蔷薇R. multiflora	多情玫瑰R.‘Les amoureux de peynet’		杨涛等,2015
	大白杜鹃 Rhododendron decorum	露珠杜鹃R. irroratum		解玮佳等,2016
	弯刺蔷薇R. beggeriana	现代月季‘墨红’ R. Hybrida ‘Crimoson Glory’	月季‘天山之星’R‘Tianshanzhixing’	杨树华等,2016
	映山红R. simsii,满山红R. mariesii,马银花R. ovatum	云锦杜鹃R. fortunei,猴头杜鹃R. simiarum,大白杜鹃R. decorum,马缨杜鹃R. delavayi		耿兴敏等,2017
	芍药‘粉玉奴’ P. lactiflora‘Fenyunu’	牡丹‘凤丹白’ P. suffruticosa ‘Fengdanbai’		解梦珺,2017
	芍药‘朱砂判’ P. lactiflora‘Zhu Sha Pan’	牡丹‘姚黄’ P. suffruticosa ‘Yao Huang’		刘建鑫等,2017
	景宁木兰M. sinostellata	望春玉兰M. biondii		陈翔翔等,2017
	马银花R. ovatum、映山红R. simsii、满山红R. mariesii	大白杜鹃R. decorum、云锦杜鹃R. fortunei、猴头杜鹃R. simiarum、马缨杜鹃R. delavayi		耿兴敏等,2017
	紫花含笑M. crassipes	含笑M. figo、深山含笑M. maudiae、阔瓣含笑M. platypetala		柴弋霞等,2018
	东北红豆杉Taxus cuspidata	日本红豆杉 T. cuspidate var. nana		王丹丹和张彦文,2019
	现代月季‘赞歌’ R. hybrida‘Sanka’	粉团蔷薇R. multiflora var. cathayensis		吴钰滢等,2019
	紫薇L. indica	福建紫薇L. limii	紫薇‘绚紫’‘Xuanzi’	李振芳等,2020
	滇丁香Luculia pinceana	鸡冠滇丁香L. yunnanensis	‘香魂’‘Xianghun’	马宏等,2020