不同颜色避雨膜形成的光质环境对杨梅果实成熟和品质的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0835

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

杨梅避雨栽培不仅能有效避开雨水的危害,而且不同颜色避雨膜形成的不同光质环境对果实发育与品质形成也有较大影响。采用5种颜色（红、黄、绿、紫、白）避雨膜在“梅雨”临近前进行遮雨,监测果实转白期、转色期、成熟中期以及成熟后期的果实主要品质指标（可溶性糖、滴定酸、总酚、花色苷含量以及糖酸比）。结果表明：不同颜色避雨膜的透光率和光质成分均有明显差异：黄膜和红膜透光率分别为对照的66.21%和20.02%;黄膜增加了红光/蓝光的比值（为对照的4倍）,红光/红外光的比值与对照接近;红膜大幅增加了红光/蓝光的比值（为对照的20倍）,且红光/红外光的比值与对照接近;绿膜的透光率为46.8%,红光/蓝光和红光/红外光比值分别为对照的72%和60%;紫膜的透光率最低,仅为对照的7.74%,且红光/红外光的比值降低至对照的40%,为所有膜中最低。避雨栽培对果实影响主要表现为减缓果实成熟进程,紫膜和绿膜果实的转色期比对照迟2 d左右,在成熟中期和后期差距逐步缩小,而黄膜和红膜果实的延迟效应并不明显。果实成熟后期避雨膜处理的果实可溶性糖和花色苷含量较对照有明显差异,黄膜处理的果实可溶性糖和花色苷含量比对照分别增加了12.05%和12.21%;红膜处理与对照较接近;紫膜处理的果实可溶性糖含量比对照减少11.14%。说明果实成熟过程和品质与避雨膜透光率及光质成分密切相关。

关键词: 杨梅, 有色膜, 光质, 避雨栽培, 果实品质

Abstract:

The cultivation of bayberry under rain shelter decrease the harm of rain,besides different light quality of colored rainproof-film have a great influence on the fruit development and quality formation. In this study,five kinds of colored rain-proof films（red,yellow,green,purple,and white）were used to conduct rain-sheltered cultivation before the rainy season approached,and four fruit quality indexes（soluble sugar,titratable acid,total phenol,anthocyanin and ratio of sugar/acid）were monitored during the fruit maturing stages（i.e. white stage,veraison stage,middle maturity stage and late maturity stage）. The results showed that there were obvious differences in light transmittance and light quality composition among the five kinds of colored rainproof-films. For example,the light transmittance of the yellow and red films decreased by 66.21% and 20.02% of the control respectively,but under the yellow film the ratio of red/blue light increased by four times of the control,and the ratio of red/infrared light was close to that of the control. Under the red film the red/blue light ratio increased by 20 times of the control,and the red/infrared ratio was close to that of the control. The transmittance of the green film was 46.8%,and the ratios of red/blue and red/infrared light were 72% and 60% of the control,respectively. The transmittance of purple film was the lowest,only 7.74% of the control,and the ratio of red/infrared light was the lowest and decreased by 40% of the control. In the ripening process,the influence of the rainproof-film on the fruit was mainly reflected in the veraison,which delayed fruit ripening process. The purple and green film delayed the fruit maturation most obviously（veraison was delayed by about 2 d）,while the yellow and red ones did not. Compared with the control,the contents of soluble sugar and anthocyanin of fruit in late maturity stage of the yellow film increased by 12.05% and 12.21%,respectively,and fruit quality of the red film was close. In contrast,the soluble sugar content of fruit in late maturity stage of purple film decreased by 11.14% compared with the control. This is probably due to the difference in the light transmittance and light quality.

Key words: bayberry, colord film, light quality, rain-sheltered cultivation, fruit quality

中图分类号:

S667.6

戚行江, 郑锡良, 李小白, 张淑文, 任海英, 俞浙萍. 不同颜色避雨膜形成的光质环境对杨梅果实成熟和品质的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2021, 48(9): 1794-1804.

Qi Xingjiang, ZHENG Xiliang, LI Xiaobai, ZHANG Shuwen, REN Haiying, YU Zheping. Influence of Different Light Quality Formed by Colored Rainproof-films on Bayberry Fruit Quality During Ripening[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(9): 1794-1804.

图/表 5

表1 5种颜色避雨膜的光质分析参数

Table 1 Parameters on light quality of colored rainproof films

膜颜色 Color	透光率/% Transmit- tance	光质组分的比例/% Ratio of light quality				红光/ 蓝光 Red/Blue	红光/ 远红外光 R/FR	主波长 Dominant wavelength	峰值波长 Peak wavelength
		400 ~ 500 nm	500 ~ 600 nm	600 ~ 700 nm	700 ~ 800 nm
				蓝光 Blue	绿光 Green					红光 Red	远红外光 Far-Infra red
对照 Control	100.00	24.00	42.00	30.00	4.00	1.25	7.50	571.30	450.10
白膜 White	65.19	22.41	41.38	31.03	5.17	1.38	6.00	573.80	450.20
紫膜 Purple	7.74	21.74	8.70	52.17	17.39	2.40	3.00	NA	668.20
绿膜 Green	46.80	21.28	55.32	19.15	4.26	0.90	4.50	553.70	516.90
黄膜 Yellow	66.21	7.69	47.69	38.46	6.15	5.00	6.25	573.80	612.70
红膜 Red	20.02	2.86	14.29	71.43	11.43	25.00	6.25	606.80	628.10

图1 5种颜色避雨膜的光质分析谱图 NA：不在可计算范围

Fig. 1 Spectral analysis of light filtered with colored rainproof films NA：Unmeasurable

图2 5种不同颜色避雨膜下的杨梅果实成熟过程

Fig. 2 The ripening process of bayberry fruit under colored rainproof films

图3 5种颜色避雨膜下果实成熟过程的主要品质参数的变化 * 表示t检验下与对照比较有显著差异（P < 0.05）。

Fig. 3 Changes of main quality parameters during fruit ripening under colored rain proof films * a significant difference between the treatment and control by t-test（P < 0.05）.

图4 5种颜色避雨膜处理以及对照进行聚类分析（a）和主成分分析（b）

Fig. 4 Cluster analysis（a）and principal component analysis（b）of five colored rainproof films and control

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