华南地区樱桃番茄表型性状遗传多样性分析及综合评价

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0926

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用聚类分析、主成分分析和表型性状综合评价方法,对华南地区110份樱桃番茄的26个表型性状进行了遗传多样性分析及评价。研究结果表明：110份樱桃番茄种质的变异程度高,类型多样,且遗传多样性丰富。26个表型性状的遗传多样性指数范围为0.33 ~ 2.04,其中葡萄糖/可溶性总糖这一性状的遗传多样性指数最大（2.04）。19个数量性状的变异系数均值为31.41%,其中番茄红素含量这一性状的变异系数最大（80.41%）。聚类分析结果表明：供试的110份种质资源可划分为5个类群,第Ⅰ类遗传改良潜力大,第Ⅲ类可主要作为口感型樱桃番茄的育种材料,第Ⅴ类可主要作为功能型樱桃番茄的育种材料。主成分分析和综合评价的研究结果表明,前9个主要成分累计贡献率为75.512%,第一、三主成分主要反映植株的果实品质,第二、四主成分主要反映果实的外观品质,第五、六主成分主要反映植株的生长特征。各种质的综合得分范围为-1.548 ~ 1.460,5份得分高的种质ct092、ct028、ct018、ct090和ct017可作为核心育种资源加以利用。

关键词: 番茄, 樱桃番茄, 种质资源, 遗传多样性, 聚类分析, 综合评价

Abstract:

In this study,the cluster analysis,principal component analysis,and multivariate evaluation of 26 phenotypic traits were carried out to evaluate the genetic diversity of 110 cherry tomato germplasm resources in South China. The results showed that high variation,phenotypic diversity,and genetic diversity were assessed in the 110 cherry tomato germplasm resources. The genetic diversity index of 26 phenotypic traits ranged from 0.33 to 2.04. The highest genetic diversity index was detected for the glucose/total soluble sugar（2.04）. The mean value of the variation coefficient of the 19 quantitative indexes was 31.41%,and the highest variation coefficient was observed in lycopene content（80.41%）. The 110 cherry tomato resources were divided into five groups by systematic clustering. The germplasms in groupⅠimplied the good potential for genetic improvement. The germplasms in group Ⅲ could be mainly used for the selection of flavor breeding genotypes of cherry tomato. The germplasms in groupⅤcould be mainly used for the selection of functional breeding genotypes of the cherry tomato. The principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation indicated that the cumulative contribution rate of the nine main components was 75.512%. The first and third principal components mainly reflected the fruit quality of the cherry tomato. The second and fourth principal components mainly reflected the appearance quality of the cherry tomato fruit. The fifth and sixth principal components mainly reflected the growth characteristics of the cherry tomato plant. The comprehensive score of the germplasms ranged from -1.548 to 1.460. The five germplasms with high comprehensive scores were ct092,ct028,ct018,ct090,and ct017 which could be used as the core breeding resources.

Key words: tomato, cherry tomato, germplasm resources, genetic diversity, cluster analysis, multivariate evaluation

中图分类号:

S641.2

李艳红, 聂俊, 郑锦荣, 谭德龙, 张长远, 史亮亮, 谢玉明. 华南地区樱桃番茄表型性状遗传多样性分析及综合评价[J]. 园艺学报, 2021, 48(9): 1717-1730.

LI Yanhong, NIE Jun, ZHENG Jinrong, TAN Delong, ZHANG Changyuan, SHI Liangliang, XIE Yuming. Genetic Diversity Analysis and Multivariate Evaluation of Cherry Tomato by Phenotypic Traits in South China[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(9): 1717-1730.

图/表 8

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性状 Trait	遗传多样性指数H’	性状描述级别 Characteristic description level	资源份数 Accession	分布频率/% Distribution frequency
生长习性 Growth habit	0.66	无限 Infinite	68	61.82
		有限 Determinate	42	38.18
叶片Leaf	0.33	普通叶Common leaf type	101	91.82
		薯叶 Potato leaf type	7	6.36
		复细叶 Slender compound leaf	2	1.82
叶色 Leaf color	0.93	黄绿 Yellow green	9	8.18
		浅绿 Light green	15	13.64
		绿 Green	77	70.00
		深绿 Dark green	9	8.18
果形 Fruit shape	1.27	扁圆 Oblate	14	12.73
		圆Round	48	43.64
		椭圆 Elliptic	30	27.27
		高圆 Highly round	18	16.36
绿肩 Green shoulder	0.49	无 Absent	21	19.09
		有 Present	89	80.91
花序Inflorescence	0.66	单式花序为主 Single inflorescence	69	62.73
		多歧花序为主Polymorphism inflorescence	41	37.27
成熟果色 Color of mature fruit	1.27	红色 Red	59	53.64
		黄色 Yellow	21	19.09
		多色 Multicolour	1	0.91
		粉红色 Pink	22	20.00
		绿色 Green	3	2.73
		黑色 Black	1	0.91
		棕红色 Brownish	1	0.91
		咖啡色 Coffee	2	1.82

性状 Trait	遗传多样性指数H’	性状描述级别 Characteristic description level	资源份数 Accession	分布频率/% Distribution frequency
生长习性 Growth habit	0.66	无限 Infinite	68	61.82
		有限 Determinate	42	38.18
叶片Leaf	0.33	普通叶Common leaf type	101	91.82
		薯叶 Potato leaf type	7	6.36
		复细叶 Slender compound leaf	2	1.82
叶色 Leaf color	0.93	黄绿 Yellow green	9	8.18
		浅绿 Light green	15	13.64
		绿 Green	77	70.00
		深绿 Dark green	9	8.18
果形 Fruit shape	1.27	扁圆 Oblate	14	12.73
		圆Round	48	43.64
		椭圆 Elliptic	30	27.27
		高圆 Highly round	18	16.36
绿肩 Green shoulder	0.49	无 Absent	21	19.09
		有 Present	89	80.91
花序Inflorescence	0.66	单式花序为主 Single inflorescence	69	62.73
		多歧花序为主Polymorphism inflorescence	41	37.27
成熟果色 Color of mature fruit	1.27	红色 Red	59	53.64
		黄色 Yellow	21	19.09
		多色 Multicolour	1	0.91
		粉红色 Pink	22	20.00
		绿色 Green	3	2.73
		黑色 Black	1	0.91
		棕红色 Brownish	1	0.91
		咖啡色 Coffee	2	1.82

性状	遗传多样性指数 H’	均值	标准差	变异系数/%	最大值	最小值
Trait	遗传多样性指数 H’	Mean	SD	CV	Max	Min
首花序节位 Node of the first inflorescence	1.98	7.43	1.21	16.27	10.80	5.20
单果质量/g Single fruit weight	1.68	14.45	5.29	36.64	40.00	1.78
果实纵径/cm Longitudinal diameter of fruit	1.81	3.03	0.63	20.70	4.34	1.02
果实横径/cm Transverse diameter of fruit	1.43	2.69	0.48	17.83	3.96	0.74
果形指数 Fruit shape index	1.89	1.13	0.17	14.68	1.56	0.85
硬度/（kg · cm^-2）Hardness	1.82	1.84	0.47	25.42	3.00	0.35
果梗洼大小/mm Size of pedicel scar	1.94	3.45	0.91	26.28	6.60	2.00
果肉厚/mm Pulp thickness	1.77	3.60	0.84	23.37	5.90	1.10
可溶性固形物含量/% Soluble solids content	1.95	7.08	1.30	18.42	10.10	3.70
可溶性总糖含量/（mg · g^-1）Total soluble sugar content	2.03	50.51	12.13	24.01	87.41	27.01
蔗糖含量/（mg · g^-1）Sucrose content	1.93	1.00	0.26	25.79	1.75	0.61
果糖含量/（mg · g^-1）Fructose content	1.99	19.03	4.97	26.10	34.61	10.25
葡萄糖含量/（mg · g^-1）Glucose content	2.00	7.46	4.13	55.39	17.51	1.26
可滴定酸含量/（μmol · g^-1）Titratable acid content	1.95	68.99	17.87	25.90	149.00	38.90
维生素C含量/（mg · g^-1）Vitamin C content	2.03	0.89	0.23	25.54	1.53	0.48
番茄红素含量/（μg · g^-1）Lycopene content	1.84	13.64	10.97	80.41	55.17	0.23
果糖/可溶性总糖 Fructose/Total soluble sugar	1.98	0.38	0.04	10.86	0.46	0.29
葡萄糖/可溶性总糖 Glucose/Total soluble sugar	2.04	0.14	0.07	48.50	0.37	0.01
果糖/葡萄糖 Fructose/Glucose	1.54	3.64	2.72	74.72	14.62	1.10

性状	遗传多样性指数 H’	均值	标准差	变异系数/%	最大值	最小值
Trait	遗传多样性指数 H’	Mean	SD	CV	Max	Min
首花序节位 Node of the first inflorescence	1.98	7.43	1.21	16.27	10.80	5.20
单果质量/g Single fruit weight	1.68	14.45	5.29	36.64	40.00	1.78
果实纵径/cm Longitudinal diameter of fruit	1.81	3.03	0.63	20.70	4.34	1.02
果实横径/cm Transverse diameter of fruit	1.43	2.69	0.48	17.83	3.96	0.74
果形指数 Fruit shape index	1.89	1.13	0.17	14.68	1.56	0.85
硬度/（kg · cm^-2）Hardness	1.82	1.84	0.47	25.42	3.00	0.35
果梗洼大小/mm Size of pedicel scar	1.94	3.45	0.91	26.28	6.60	2.00
果肉厚/mm Pulp thickness	1.77	3.60	0.84	23.37	5.90	1.10
可溶性固形物含量/% Soluble solids content	1.95	7.08	1.30	18.42	10.10	3.70
可溶性总糖含量/（mg · g^-1）Total soluble sugar content	2.03	50.51	12.13	24.01	87.41	27.01
蔗糖含量/（mg · g^-1）Sucrose content	1.93	1.00	0.26	25.79	1.75	0.61
果糖含量/（mg · g^-1）Fructose content	1.99	19.03	4.97	26.10	34.61	10.25
葡萄糖含量/（mg · g^-1）Glucose content	2.00	7.46	4.13	55.39	17.51	1.26
可滴定酸含量/（μmol · g^-1）Titratable acid content	1.95	68.99	17.87	25.90	149.00	38.90
维生素C含量/（mg · g^-1）Vitamin C content	2.03	0.89	0.23	25.54	1.53	0.48
番茄红素含量/（μg · g^-1）Lycopene content	1.84	13.64	10.97	80.41	55.17	0.23
果糖/可溶性总糖 Fructose/Total soluble sugar	1.98	0.38	0.04	10.86	0.46	0.29
葡萄糖/可溶性总糖 Glucose/Total soluble sugar	2.04	0.14	0.07	48.50	0.37	0.01
果糖/葡萄糖 Fructose/Glucose	1.54	3.64	2.72	74.72	14.62	1.10

性状 Trait	Ⅰ类 Group Ⅰ	Ⅱ类 Group Ⅱ	Ⅲ类 Group Ⅲ	Ⅳ类 Group Ⅳ	Ⅴ类 Group Ⅴ
性状 Trait	（n = 39）	（n = 1）	（n = 45）	（n = 1）	（n = 24）
首花序节位 Node of the first inflorescence	7.33	10.00	7.41	6.60	7.55
单果质量/g Single fruit weight	14.71	40.00	14.22	38.40	12.42
果实纵径/cm Longitudinal diameter of fruit	3.19	3.20	3.09	4.34	2.60
果实横径/cm Transverse diameter of fruit	2.77	3.30	2.72	3.96	2.44
果形指数 Fruit shape index	1.16	0.97	1.14	1.10	1.07
硬度/（kg · cm^-2）Hardness	1.87	1.00	1.86	1.90	1.76
果梗洼大小/mm Size of pedicel scar	3.42	5.40	3.33	6.10	3.57
果肉厚/mm Pulp thickness	3.63	4.90	3.66	5.90	3.29
可溶性固形物含量/% Soluble solids content	7.09	4.10	7.41	4.00	6.71
可溶性总糖含量/（mg · g^-1）Total soluble sugar content	45.63	43.41	55.62	28.80	50.06
蔗糖含量/（mg · g^-1）Sucrose content	0.91	1.28	1.03	0.69	1.12
果糖含量/（mg · g^-1）Fructose content	17.98	10.25	20.52	11.44	18.61
葡萄糖含量/（mg · g^-1）Glucose content	6.64	7.53	8.67	3.06	6.68
可滴定酸含量/（μmol · g^-1）Titratable acid content	64.39	49.72	71.58	39.90	73.91
维生素C含量/（mg · g^-1）Vitamin C content	0.97	0.49	0.80	0.61	0.95
番茄红素含量/（μg · g^-1）Lycopene content	9.86	12.19	8.96	9.19	28.79
果糖/可溶性总糖 Fructose/Total soluble sugar	0.39	0.32	0.37	0.40	0.37
葡萄糖/可溶性总糖 Glucose/Total soluble sugar	0.14	0.17	0.15	0.11	0.13
果糖/葡萄糖 Fructose/Glucose	4.46	1.86	3.01	3.74	3.56
生长习性 Growth habit	1.46	2.00	1.41	1.00	1.33
叶片 Leaf	1.08	1.00	1.07	1.00	1.08
叶色 Leaf color	2.77	1.00	2.76	4.00	2.58
果形 Fruit shape	2.12	2.00	2.12	2.00	2.08
绿肩 Green shoulder	1.66	1.00	1.69	1.00	1.57
花序Inflorescence	1.46	1.00	1.42	2.00	1.33
成熟果色 Color of mature fruit	2.11	6.00	2.07	4.00	2.38